Lamium amplexicaule
| Lamium amplexicaule | |
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| Henbit dead-nettle in Belgium | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Lamiaceae |
| Genus: | Lamium |
| Species: | L. amplexicaule
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| Binomial name | |
| Lamium amplexicaule | |
| Subspecies and varieties[1] | |
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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List
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Lamium amplexicaule, commonly known as henbit dead-nettle,[2] is a species of Lamium native to the Old World. The specific name refers to the leaves, which are amplexicaul (clasping the stem).
Description
[edit]It is a low-growing annual plant growing to 10–25 cm (4–10 in) (rarely to 40 cm) tall, thinly pubescent with soft, finely hairy stems. The leaves are opposite, rounded to kidney-shaped, 2–3 cm (3⁄4–1+1⁄4 in) diameter, with a lobed margin, and often with long internodes. The lower leaves are stalked and the upper ones stalkless, often fused, and clasping the stems. The flowers are pink to purple, relatively large, 1.5–2 cm (1⁄2–3⁄4 in) long, and form a few-flowered terminal spike with axillary whorls. The calyx is regular with five lobes and closes up after flowering. The corolla is purplish-red, fused into a usually erect tube 15 to 20 mm (1⁄2 to 3⁄4 in) long. The upper lip is convex, 3 to 5 mm (1⁄8 to 3⁄16 in) long and the lower lip has three lobes, two small side ones and a larger central one 1.5 to 2.5 mm (1⁄16 to 1⁄8 in) long. There are four stamens, two long and two short. The gynoecium has two fused carpels and the fruit is a four-chambered schizocarp.[3][4]
This plant flowers very early in the spring even in northern areas, and for most of the winter and early spring in warmer locations such as the Mediterranean region. At times of year when there are not many pollinating insects, the flowers self-pollinate.
Taxonomy
[edit]Lamium amplexicaule was described and named by Carl Linnaeus in 1753.[5]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]Henbit dead-nettle is native most of Europe, Asia and North Africa, and has since been spread around the world by human activity.[1] It is found growing in open areas, gardens, fields and meadows, and widely in uncultivated areas in urban habitats.[2][4][6] It propagates freely by seed, where it becomes a key part of a meadow ecosystem; sometimes entire fields will be reddish-purple with its flowers before spring ploughing.
It is widely naturalised in eastern North and South America, New Zealand, South Africa and Tasmania.[1] Its attractive appearance, edibility, and readiness to grow in many climates often mean it is permitted to grow when other weeds are not.[citation needed]
Its status in Great Britain and Ireland is disputed; some sources give it as native,[7][8] while others cite it as an archaeophyte.[2][1]
Ecology
[edit]The seed is eaten by many species of birds.[9] Where common, it is an important nectar and pollen plant for bees, especially honeybees. It also provides forage for animals.
This plant, though common, is not regarded as a threat to local ecosystems.[citation needed]
Uses
[edit]The young leaves and shoots can be eaten raw or cooked,[10][6] as can the stems and flowers. Henbit dead-nettle has a slightly sweet and peppery flavour, similar to celery.
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Botanical scan -
Close-up of flower
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References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e "Lamium amplexicaule L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 5 December 2024.
- ^ a b c P.A. Stroh; T. A. Humphrey; R.J. Burkmar; O.L. Pescott; D.B. Roy; K.J. Walker, eds. (2020). "Henbit Dead-nettle Lamium amplexicaule L." BSBI Online Plant Atlas 2020. Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
- ^ Streeter D, Hart-Davies C, Hardcastle A, Cole F, Harper L. 2009. Collins Flower Guide. Harper Collins ISBN 9-78-000718389-0
- ^ a b "Henbit dead-nettle: Lamium amplexicaule". NatureGate. Retrieved 2013-12-15.
- ^ "Lamium amplexicaule L.". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
- ^ a b "Henbit, Lamium amplexicaule". Wisconsin Horticulture. Archived from the original on 2024-04-22. Retrieved 2024-04-22.
- ^ Blamey, M. & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989). Flora of Britain and Northern Europe. ISBN 0-340-40170-2
- ^ Swan, George A. (1993). Flora of Northumberland. Hancock Museum: Natural History Society of Northumbria. p. 205. ISBN 0 9520782 0 1.
- ^ "A Little Bit of Henbit". Southern meadows. 2015-02-06.
- ^ Elias, Thomas S.; Dykeman, Peter A. (2009) [1982]. Edible Wild Plants: A North American Field Guide to Over 200 Natural Foods. New York: Sterling. p. 116. ISBN 978-1-4027-6715-9. OCLC 244766414.
External links
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