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Nutraloaf

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Nutraloaf
Alternative namesMeal Loaf, prison loaf, disciplinary loaf, food loaf, lockup loaf, confinement loaf, seg loaf, grue, special management meal, vomit loaf, punishment loaf, the loaf
TypeMeal
CourseMain
Place of originUnited States
Serving temperatureRoom temperature

Nutraloaf, also known as meal loaf, prison loaf, disciplinary loaf, food loaf, lockup loaf, confinement loaf, seg loaf, grue or special management meal,[1] is food served in prisons in the United States, and formerly in Canada,[2] to inmates who have misbehaved, abused food, or have inflicted harm upon themselves or others.[3] It is similar to meatloaf in texture, but has a wider variety of ingredients. Prison loaf is usually bland, even unpleasant, but prison wardens argue that nutraloaf provides enough nutrition to keep prisoners healthy without requiring eating utensils.[4]

Preparation

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There are many recipes that include a range of food, from vegetables, fruit, meat, and bread or other grains. The ingredients are blended and baked into a solid loaf. In one version, it is made from a mixture of ingredients that include ground beef, vegetables, beans, and bread crumbs. Other versions include mechanically separated poultry and "dairy blend".[5]

Legality

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Lawsuits regarding nutraloaf have taken place in multiple US states.[6][3][7] In March 2008, prisoners brought a case before the Vermont Supreme Court, arguing that since Vermont state law does not allow food to be used as punishment, nutraloaf must be removed from the menu.[8] The Vermont Supreme Court held that the nutraloaf and water diet constitutes punishment as it was designed to be unappetizing and required a hearing prior to it being served to prisoners.[9] Other state courts in Illinois, New York, and West Virginia have upheld nutraloaf against 8th Amendment challenges over claims that it constituted cruel and unusual punishment.[7]

Nutraloaf's usage has generally been upheld in federal courts, with rulings in favor of nutraloaf's usage from the 8th and 9th Circuit courts.[7] A similar food item was mentioned by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1978 in Hutto v. Finney while ruling that conditions in the Arkansas penal system constituted cruel and unusual punishment. Among other complaints, prisoners reported being fed "grue", described as "a substance created by mashing meat, potatoes, oleo [margarine], syrup, vegetables, eggs, and seasoning into a paste and baking the mixture in a pan". The majority opinion delivered by Justice John Paul Stevens upheld an opinion from the 8th Circuit Court that the grue diet be discontinued.[10][11] In April 2010, Sheriff Joe Arpaio of Maricopa County, Arizona won a federal judgment in favor of the constitutionality of nutraloaf.[7][12] In Gordon v. Barnett, the District Court for the Western District of Washington ruled that although it was not cruel and unusual, nutraloaf is a punishment and that prisoners are entitled to a due process hearing before being subjected to it.[7]

The standards of the American Correctional Association, which accredits prisons, discourage the use of food as a disciplinary measure, but adherence to the organization's food standards is voluntary.[13][14] Denying inmates food as punishment has been found to be unconstitutional by the courts,[15] but because the loaf is generally nutritionally complete, it is sometimes justified as a "dietary adjustment" rather than a denial of proper meals.[13]

As of 2016, California, New York, Massachusetts, and Minnesota have banned serving nutraloaf to inmates.[11][16]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "33-602.223 : Special Management Meal - Florida Administrative Rules". www.flrules.org. Florida State Department of Corrections. June 30, 2013. Retrieved February 10, 2018.
  2. ^ Mintz, Corey (May 10, 2016). "Food in hospitals and prisons is terrible – but it doesn't have to be that way". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on May 10, 2016.
  3. ^ a b Greenwood, Arin (June 24, 2008). "Taste-Testing Nutraloaf: The prison food that just might be unconstitutionally bad". Slate.
  4. ^ "Food for Thought: Is Nutraloaf Punishment?". WCAX-TV News. Archived from the original on June 30, 2008. Retrieved March 26, 2008.
  5. ^ "ARNETT, CARPENTER (CARTER), JOHNSON, SMALLEY, WILLIAMS, and WUEBBELS v. SNYDER". Illinois Appellate Court. Archived from the original on July 4, 2013. Retrieved March 11, 2013.
  6. ^ Arnett v. Snyder, 331 Ill. App. 3d 518 (2001)
  7. ^ a b c d e Greenwood, Arin (July 1, 2010). "It's What's for Dinner". ABA Journal. Retrieved August 21, 2018.
  8. ^ Ring, Wilson (March 23, 2008). "Vermont inmates call food foul, sue over it". NBC News. Archived from the original on January 17, 2021. Retrieved March 26, 2008.
  9. ^ "Vermont Supreme Court: 'Nutraloaf' Diet Is Punishment That Requires Hearing". Prison Legal News. Retrieved August 15, 2009.
  10. ^ Hutto v. Finney, 437 U.S. 678, 10 (U.S. 1978) ("A filthy, overcrowded cell and a diet of 'grue' might be tolerable for a few days and intolerably cruel for weeks or months.").
  11. ^ a b McKinley, Jesse (December 17, 2015). "New York Prisons Take an Unsavory Punishment Off the Table". The New York Times.
  12. ^ "Arpaio Wins Summary Judgment in Federal Court" (PDF) (Press release). MCSO. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 12, 2010. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
  13. ^ a b Purdy, Matthew (August 4, 2002). "What's Worse Than Solitary Confinement? Just Taste This". The New York Times. Retrieved March 24, 2008.
  14. ^ Gay, Malcolm (March 19, 2008). "Cruel and unusual punishment: Malcolm sentences himself to Prison Loaf". Riverfront Times. Archived from the original on March 25, 2008. Retrieved March 24, 2008.
  15. ^ "Prisoner Diet Legal Issues" (PDF). AELE (Americans for Effective Law Enforcement) Law Journal. July 2007.
  16. ^ "Use of Nutraloaf on the Decline in U.S. Prisons". Prison Legal News. March 31, 2016.
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