Renal diet: Difference between revisions
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A '''renal diet''' is a diet aimed at keeping levels of fluids, electrolytes, and minerals balanced in the body in individuals with [[chronic kidney disease]] or who are on dialysis. Dietary changes may include the restriction of fluid intake, [[ |
A '''renal diet''' is a diet aimed at keeping levels of fluids, electrolytes, and minerals balanced in the body in individuals with [[chronic kidney disease]] or who are on dialysis. Dietary changes may include the restriction of fluid intake, [[Protein (nutrient)|protein]], and electrolytes including [[sodium]], [[phosphorus]], and [[potassium]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Diet - chronic kidney disease: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia |url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002442.htm |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=medlineplus.gov |language=en}}</ref> Calories may also be supplemented if the individual is losing weight undesirably.<ref name=":0" /> |
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The diet may help limit the buildup of waste products within the body and reduce strain on the kidneys, as well as reduce blood pressure and lower the risk of fluid build-up around the heart and lungs.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akchurin |first=Oleh M. |date=2019-02 |title=Chronic Kidney Disease and Dietary Measures to Improve Outcomes |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30454747 |journal=Pediatric Clinics of North America |volume=66 |issue=1 |pages=247–267 |doi=10.1016/j.pcl.2018.09.007 |issn=1557-8240 |pmc=6623973 |pmid=30454747}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Palmer |first=Suetonia C. |last2=Maggo |first2=Jasjot K. |last3=Campbell |first3=Katrina L. |last4=Craig |first4=Jonathan C. |last5=Johnson |first5=David W. |last6=Sutanto |first6=Bernadet |last7=Ruospo |first7=Marinella |last8=Tong |first8=Allison |last9=Strippoli |first9=Giovanni Fm |date=2017-04-23 |title=Dietary interventions for adults with chronic kidney disease |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28434208/ |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=4 |pages=CD011998 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD011998.pub2 |issn=1469-493X |pmc=6478277 |pmid=28434208}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Eating Right for Chronic Kidney Disease {{!}} NIDDK |url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/eating-nutrition |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases |language=en-US}}</ref> Phosphorus restriction can help maintain bone health, as phosphorus buildup in the blood results in the leaching of calcium from bones and subsequently an increased fracture risk.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mineral & Bone Disorder in Chronic Kidney Disease {{!}} NIDDK |url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/mineral-bone-disorder |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases |language=en-US}}</ref> The evidence supporting uptake of a renal diet and a reduction in cardiovascular events and mortality is limited, but dietary interventions may increase [[Health related quality of life|health-related quality of life]] and [[Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate|estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)]] while lowering [[serum albumin]] and [[serum cholesterol]] levels.<ref name=":1" /> |
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Potassium plays a vital role in the body, such as allowing the heart and muscles to work optimally. The diet attempts to reduce the build-up of [[electrolyte]]s in the blood in order to prevent [[arrhythmia]]s, bone disorders, fluid overload, vascular calcification and [[hypertension]].<ref name="nutr_Isit">{{Cite web| title = Is it Time to Rethink the Traditional Renal Diet?| author = Biruete, Annabel| work = American Society for Nutrition| date = 2019-04-29| access-date = 11 December 2019| url = https://nutrition.org/is-it-time-to-rethink-the-traditional-renal-diet/}}</ref> |
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The restrictiveness of a renal diet depends on the severity of the patient's kidney disease, and the diet should be undertaken with the advice of a [[Dietitian|dietician]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=CDC |date=2019-09-19 |title=Diabetes & Kidney Disease: What to Eat? |url=https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/managing/eat-well/what-to-eat.html |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |language=en-us}}</ref> |
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The renal diet is restrictive. Foods such as [[potato]]es, [[Orange (fruit)|oranges]], [[avocado]]s, [[tomato]]es, [[banana]]s, [[Milk|dairy]] products and processed meats should be limited or avoided.<ref name="heal_17Fo">{{Cite web| title = 17 Foods to Avoid If You Have Kidney Disease| author = Berkheiser, Kaitlyn| work = Healthline| date = 2018-05-06| access-date = 11 December 2019| url = https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/foods-to-avoid-with-kidney-disease}}</ref> |
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According to the [[National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases]], all CKD patients should reduce sodium consumption, eat small portions of high-quality protein, and choose heart-healthy foods (like low-fat proteins, fruits, vegetables, and legumes) to avoid fat buildup in the arteries.<ref name=":2" /> Patients with more severe disease and compromised kidney function should reduce phosphorus and potassium consumption.<ref name=":2" /> Individuals with advanced kidney disease may also need to increase iron intake through food or supplements.<ref name=":0" /> |
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Foods that are often limited or avoided on a renal diet include foods with high water content, oranges and orange juice, nectarines, kiwis, raisins or other dried fruit, bananas, cantaloupe, honeydew, prunes, nectarines, asparagus, avocado, potatoes, tomatoes or tomato sauce, winter squash, pumpkin, avocado, and cooked spinach.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> |
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Patients with [[Comorbidity|comorbid]] conditions like [[diabetes]] may need to further alter their diets to meet the needs of those conditions simultaneously.<ref name=":3" /> |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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Revision as of 19:06, 23 March 2022
A renal diet is a diet aimed at keeping levels of fluids, electrolytes, and minerals balanced in the body in individuals with chronic kidney disease or who are on dialysis. Dietary changes may include the restriction of fluid intake, protein, and electrolytes including sodium, phosphorus, and potassium.[1] Calories may also be supplemented if the individual is losing weight undesirably.[1]
The diet may help limit the buildup of waste products within the body and reduce strain on the kidneys, as well as reduce blood pressure and lower the risk of fluid build-up around the heart and lungs.[2][3][4] Phosphorus restriction can help maintain bone health, as phosphorus buildup in the blood results in the leaching of calcium from bones and subsequently an increased fracture risk.[5] The evidence supporting uptake of a renal diet and a reduction in cardiovascular events and mortality is limited, but dietary interventions may increase health-related quality of life and estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) while lowering serum albumin and serum cholesterol levels.[3]
The restrictiveness of a renal diet depends on the severity of the patient's kidney disease, and the diet should be undertaken with the advice of a dietician.[4][6]
According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, all CKD patients should reduce sodium consumption, eat small portions of high-quality protein, and choose heart-healthy foods (like low-fat proteins, fruits, vegetables, and legumes) to avoid fat buildup in the arteries.[4] Patients with more severe disease and compromised kidney function should reduce phosphorus and potassium consumption.[4] Individuals with advanced kidney disease may also need to increase iron intake through food or supplements.[1]
Foods that are often limited or avoided on a renal diet include foods with high water content, oranges and orange juice, nectarines, kiwis, raisins or other dried fruit, bananas, cantaloupe, honeydew, prunes, nectarines, asparagus, avocado, potatoes, tomatoes or tomato sauce, winter squash, pumpkin, avocado, and cooked spinach.[1][4]
Patients with comorbid conditions like diabetes may need to further alter their diets to meet the needs of those conditions simultaneously.[6]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d "Diet - chronic kidney disease: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 2022-03-23.
- ^ Akchurin, Oleh M. (2019-02). "Chronic Kidney Disease and Dietary Measures to Improve Outcomes". Pediatric Clinics of North America. 66 (1): 247–267. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2018.09.007. ISSN 1557-8240. PMC 6623973. PMID 30454747.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ a b Palmer, Suetonia C.; Maggo, Jasjot K.; Campbell, Katrina L.; Craig, Jonathan C.; Johnson, David W.; Sutanto, Bernadet; Ruospo, Marinella; Tong, Allison; Strippoli, Giovanni Fm (2017-04-23). "Dietary interventions for adults with chronic kidney disease". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 4: CD011998. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011998.pub2. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6478277. PMID 28434208.
- ^ a b c d e "Eating Right for Chronic Kidney Disease | NIDDK". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Retrieved 2022-03-23.
- ^ "Mineral & Bone Disorder in Chronic Kidney Disease | NIDDK". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Retrieved 2022-03-23.
- ^ a b CDC (2019-09-19). "Diabetes & Kidney Disease: What to Eat?". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 2022-03-23.
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