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A [[Zika virus]] vaccine is designed to prevent the symptoms and complications of Zika virus infection in humans. As Zika virus infection of pregnant women may result in congenital defects in the newborn, the vaccine will attempt to protect against congenital Zika syndrome during the current or any future outbreak.<ref>{{cite web|title=Zika virus vaccine product development|url=http://www.who.int/immunization/research/development/zika/en/|website=World Health Organization}}</ref> As of May 2017, no vaccines has been approved for clinical use, however a number of vaccines are currently in clinical trials.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Fernandez|first1=E|last2=Diamond|first2=MS|title=Vaccination strategies against Zika virus.|journal=Current Opinion in Virology|date=19 April 2017|volume=23|pages=59–67|doi=|pmid=28432975}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Zika Virus Vaccines {{!}} NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/zika-vaccines|website=www.niaid.nih.gov|language=en}}</ref> The goal of a Zika virus vaccine is to elicit protective [[antibodies]] against the Zika virus to prevent infection and severe disease. The challenges in developing a safe and effective vaccine include limiting side effects such as [[Guillain-Barré syndrome]], a potential consequence of Zika virus infection. Additionally, as [[dengue virus]] is closely related to Zika virus, the vaccine needs to minimize the possibility of [[antibody-dependent enhancement]] of dengue virus infection.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Barouch|first1=DH|last2=Thomas|first2=SJ|last3=Michael|first3=NL|title=Prospects for a Zika Virus Vaccine.|journal=Immunity|date=21 February 2017|volume=46|issue=2|pages=176–182|pmid=28228277}}</ref>
A [[Zika virus]] vaccine is designed to prevent the symptoms and complications of Zika virus infection in humans. As Zika virus infection of pregnant women may result in congenital defects in the newborn, the vaccine will attempt to protect against congenital Zika syndrome during the current or any future outbreak.<ref>{{cite web|title=Zika virus vaccine product development|url=http://www.who.int/immunization/research/development/zika/en/|website=World Health Organization}}</ref> As of May 2017, no vaccines has been approved for clinical use, however a number of vaccines are currently in clinical trials.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Fernandez|first1=E|last2=Diamond|first2=MS|title=Vaccination strategies against Zika virus.|journal=Current Opinion in Virology|date=19 April 2017|volume=23|pages=59–67|doi=|pmid=28432975}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Zika Virus Vaccines {{!}} NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/zika-vaccines|website=www.niaid.nih.gov|language=en}}</ref> The goal of a Zika virus vaccine is to elicit protective [[antibodies]] against the Zika virus to prevent infection and severe disease. The challenges in developing a safe and effective vaccine include limiting side effects such as [[Guillain-Barré syndrome]], a potential consequence of Zika virus infection. Additionally, as [[dengue virus]] is closely related to Zika virus, the vaccine needs to minimize the possibility of [[antibody-dependent enhancement]] of dengue virus infection.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Barouch|first1=DH|last2=Thomas|first2=SJ|last3=Michael|first3=NL|title=Prospects for a Zika Virus Vaccine.|journal=Immunity|date=21 February 2017|volume=46|issue=2|pages=176–182|pmid=28228277}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Saiz|first1=JC|last2=Martín-Acebes|first2=MA|last3=Bueno-Marí|first3=R|last4=Salomón|first4=OD|last5=Villamil-Jiménez|first5=LC|last6=Heukelbach|first6=J|last7=Alencar|first7=CH|last8=Armstrong|first8=PK|last9=Ortiga-Carvalho|first9=TM|last10=Mendez-Otero|first10=R|last11=Rosado-de-Castro|first11=PH|last12=Pimentel-Coelho|first12=PM|title=Zika Virus: What Have We Learnt Since the Start of the Recent Epidemic?|journal=Frontiers in microbiology|date=2017|volume=8|pages=1554|doi=10.3389/fmicb.2017.01554|pmid=28878742}}</ref>


==DNA Vaccine==
==DNA Vaccine==

Revision as of 22:30, 3 October 2017

A Zika virus vaccine is designed to prevent the symptoms and complications of Zika virus infection in humans. As Zika virus infection of pregnant women may result in congenital defects in the newborn, the vaccine will attempt to protect against congenital Zika syndrome during the current or any future outbreak.[1] As of May 2017, no vaccines has been approved for clinical use, however a number of vaccines are currently in clinical trials.[2][3] The goal of a Zika virus vaccine is to elicit protective antibodies against the Zika virus to prevent infection and severe disease. The challenges in developing a safe and effective vaccine include limiting side effects such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, a potential consequence of Zika virus infection. Additionally, as dengue virus is closely related to Zika virus, the vaccine needs to minimize the possibility of antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue virus infection.[4][5]

DNA Vaccine

As of March 31, 2017 a DNA vaccine has been approved for Phase 2 clinical trials in humans.[6] The vaccine consists of a DNA plasmid encoding the E and PrM proteins which make up the outer protein coat of the Zika virus virion.[7] Based on a previous platform used to develop a West Nile virus vaccine, the DNA vaccine is designed to assemble protein particles that mimic Zika virus and trigger the body's immune response.

Purified Inactivated Vaccine (ZPIV)

A purified inactivated vaccine is currently under development by the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research.[8] This vaccine is based on the same technology used to develop a vaccine against Japanese Encephalitis Virus. As the ZPIV vaccine contains inactivated Zika particles, virus cannot replicate and cause disease in humans.

Live Attenuated Vaccine

A live attenuated vaccine, in which the virus is genetically altered as to not cause disease in humans, is undergoing phase 1 clinical trials. This vaccine is based on the dengue vaccine Dengvaxia, which as been approved for use in humans.[9]

mRNA Vaccine

A modified mRNA vaccine developed in collaboration with Moderna Therapeutics containing the E and PrM proteins is undergoing phase 1 clinical trials.[10]

References

  1. ^ "Zika virus vaccine product development". World Health Organization.
  2. ^ Fernandez, E; Diamond, MS (19 April 2017). "Vaccination strategies against Zika virus". Current Opinion in Virology. 23: 59–67. PMID 28432975.
  3. ^ "Zika Virus Vaccines | NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases". www.niaid.nih.gov.
  4. ^ Barouch, DH; Thomas, SJ; Michael, NL (21 February 2017). "Prospects for a Zika Virus Vaccine". Immunity. 46 (2): 176–182. PMID 28228277.
  5. ^ Saiz, JC; Martín-Acebes, MA; Bueno-Marí, R; Salomón, OD; Villamil-Jiménez, LC; Heukelbach, J; Alencar, CH; Armstrong, PK; Ortiga-Carvalho, TM; Mendez-Otero, R; Rosado-de-Castro, PH; Pimentel-Coelho, PM (2017). "Zika Virus: What Have We Learnt Since the Start of the Recent Epidemic?". Frontiers in microbiology. 8: 1554. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.01554. PMID 28878742.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  6. ^ "Phase 2 Zika Vaccine Trial Begins in U.S., Central and South America | NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases". www.niaid.nih.gov.
  7. ^ Dowd, KA; Ko, SY; Morabito, KM; Yang, ES; Pelc, RS; DeMaso, CR; Castilho, LR; Abbink, P; Boyd, M; Nityanandam, R; Gordon, DN; Gallagher, JR; Chen, X; Todd, JP; Tsybovsky, Y; Harris, A; Huang, YS; Higgs, S; Vanlandingham, DL; Andersen, H; Lewis, MG; De La Barrera, R; Eckels, KH; Jarman, RG; Nason, MC; Barouch, DH; Roederer, M; Kong, WP; Mascola, JR; Pierson, TC; Graham, BS (14 October 2016). "Rapid development of a DNA vaccine for Zika virus". Science. 354 (6309): 237–240. PMID 27708058.
  8. ^ "Testing of Investigational Inactivated Zika Vaccine in Humans Begins | NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases". www.niaid.nih.gov.
  9. ^ "Zika Virus Vaccines | NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases". www.niaid.nih.gov.
  10. ^ Fernandez, E; Diamond, MS (19 April 2017). "Vaccination strategies against Zika virus". Current Opinion in Virology. 23: 59–67. PMID 28432975.
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