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1964 Pacific typhoon season: Difference between revisions

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==Systems==
== Systems ==
===Typhoon Tess (Asiang)===
=== Typhoon Tess (Asiang) ===
{| class="wikitable floatleft"
|+ Peak intensity estimates<ref name="IBTrACS_Tess" />
! Agency
! Wind<br />(kt){{efn|The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) estimates the [[maximum sustained wind]] of a tropical cyclone has the highest windspeed averaged over one minute, the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) averages such winds over two minutes, and the Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) and Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) averages such winds over ten minutes in their historical records.<ref name="Ying et al." />|name=MSW}}
! Pressure<br />(hPa)
|-
! CMA
| 97 || 966
|-
! HKO
| 75 || 965
|-
! JMA
| {{N/a}} || 960
|-
! JTWC
| 85 || {{N/a}}
⚫
|}
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
|Basin=WPac
|Basin=WPac
Line 167: Line 185:
|Track=Tess 1964 track.png
|Track=Tess 1964 track.png
|Formed=May 12
|Formed=May 12
|Dissipated=May 27{{efn|Storm durations and intensities are based on the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS), which is endorsed by the [[World Meteorological Organization]]'s Tropical Cyclone Programme as "an official archiving and distribution resource for tropical cyclone best track data." However, different meteorological agencies, including the JTWC, [[Japan Meteorological Agency]], [[China Meteorological Administration]], and [[Hong Kong Observatory]] have disparate datasets for tropical cyclone histories that may not precisely reflect the storm attributes listed here.|name=IBTrACS}}
|Dissipated=May 23
|Type1=typhoon
|Type1=
|Type2=cat2
|Type2=cat2
|1-min winds=85
|1-min winds=85
|Pressure=960
|Pressure=960
}}
}}
The first tropical cyclone of the season was initially identified by the [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] (JTWC) on May&nbsp;9 near [[Woleai Atoll]]. Tracking steadily west-northwestward, the system gradually organized. Early on May&nbsp;14, the system had become sufficiently organized for the JTWC to classify it as a tropical depression.<ref name="01W"/> Over the following four days, the depression moved erratically, executing two loops, and fluctuated between tropical storm and tropical depression status.<ref name="01WBT">{{cite web|author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|year=1965|accessdate=March 11, 2010|title=Typhoon 01W (Tess) Best Track|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/1964/1964s-bwp/bwp011964.txt}}</ref> During the morning of May&nbsp;15, the system had intensified into a tropical storm and was given the name Tess. The developing storm eventually retained an east-northeastward track by May&nbsp;18. The following day, reconnaissance aircraft recording data on the storm discovered that it had developed two [[Eye (cyclone)|eyes]]. The first and innermost eye was unusually small, measuring {{convert|6|mi|km|abbr=on}} across while the second was asymmetrical, measuring roughly {{convert|14|mi|km|abbr=on}} by {{convert|9|mi|km|abbr=on}}. Upon finding this feature, Tess was estimated to have attained typhoon status. Gradual intensification took place over the following few days as the storm turned more northeasterly.<ref name="01W"/> On May&nbsp;22, Tess attained its peak intensity with winds of 155&nbsp;km/h (100&nbsp;mph) and a [[barometric pressure]] of 960&nbsp;[[Bar (unit)|mbar]] ([[Pascal (unit)|hPa]]).<ref name="01W"/><ref name="01WBT"/> However, by this point the typhoon was moving over higher latitudes and into a less favorable environment. The following day, Tess had significantly weakened to a tropical storm and the center of the storm became exposed. Later on May&nbsp;23 the typhoon became [[extratropical cyclone|extratropical]] as it moved over the north Pacific.<ref name="01W">{{cite web|author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|year=1965|accessdate=March 11, 2010|title=Typhoon Tess Summary|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1964atcr/pdf/wnp/01.pdf|format=[[PDF]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606234054/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1964atcr/pdf/wnp/01.pdf|archive-date=2011-06-06|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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The first [[tropical cyclone]] of 1964 developed from a segment of the polar [[trough (meteorology)|trough]]. A wind circulation was first identified near [[Woleai]] by the JTWC on May&nbsp;9. This initial disturbance traveled west-northwest, passing near [[Ulithi]] and [[Yap]].<ref name="ATR" />{{rp|72}} On May&nbsp;14, it organized further into a [[tropical depression]] and took an erratic track over the next four days, including a looping course.<ref name="IBTrACS_Tess">{{cite web |title=1964 Typhoon TESS (1964133N10134) |website=IBTrACS - International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship|url=http://www.atms.unca.edu/ibtracs/ibtracs_v04r00/index.php?name=v04r00-1964133N10134 |publisher=University of North Carolina–Asheville |accessdate=June 12, 2020 |location=Asheville, North Carolina |date=2018}}</ref><ref name="ATR" />{{rp|50,74}} During this process, it strengthened into a [[tropical storm]], weakened to a tropical depression, and reattained tropical storm intensity before heading on an east-northwestward to northeastward trajectory.<ref name="IBTrACS_Tess" /><ref name="CD_Annual" />{{rp|74}} On May&nbsp;19, a reconnaissance flight investigating Tess observed two [[eye (cyclone)|eye]]s: the first and innermost eye measured 9.7&nbsp;km (6&nbsp;mi) across while the second was asymmetrical, with axes roughly 23&nbsp;km (14&nbsp;mi) and 14&nbsp;km (9&nbsp;mi) across.<ref name="ATR" />{{rp|75}} Shortly after finding this feature, Tess was estimated to have attained typhoon status.<ref name="IBTrACS_Tess" />
===Tropical Depression 02W===

{{Infobox Hurricane Small
Tess tracked towards the northeast after reaching typhoon intensity. Its center passed between [[Alamagan]] and [[Guguan]] on May&nbsp;20 while [[maximum sustained wind]]s in the typhoon were 140&nbsp;km/h (85&nbsp;mph).<ref name="IBTrACS_Tess" /> Farther southeast, in [[Guam]], the passing storm produced 52&nbsp;mm (2.03&nbsp;in) of rain.<ref name="GuamTCs">{{cite report|last1=Weir |first1=Robert C. |title=Tropical Cyclones Affecting Guam (1671–1980) |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a134016.pdf |publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |accessdate=June 12, 2020 |location=San Francisco, California |format=PDF |date=October 25, 1983}}</ref> The next day, Tess reached its peak intensity with winds of 155&nbsp;km/h (100&nbsp;mph) and a minimum [[barometric pressure]] of 960&nbsp;[[pascal (unit)|hPa]] ([[bar (unit)|mbar]]; 28.35&nbsp;[[inches of mercury|inHg]]).<ref name="IBTrACS_Tess" /> A [[seabee]] stationed on the island was presumed to have drowned after being swept away by the rough seas generated by the storm; two landing crafts were also destroyed by the rough seas.<ref name="TexasManBelievedDrowned">{{cite news |title=Texas Man Believed Drowned in Typhon |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/53324278/|via=Newspapers.com |accessdate=June 12, 2020 |work=Shreveport Journal |agency=Associated Press |issue=|volume=70 |date=May 23, 1964 |location=Shreveport, Louisiana |page=1}}</ref> At noon on May&nbsp;21, the center of Tess passed 160&nbsp;km (100&nbsp;mi) west of [[Marcus Island]],<ref name="CD_Annual" />{{rp|74}} bringing [[squall]]s accompanied by heavy rain and winds of 90&nbsp;km/h (55&nbsp;mph).<ref name="MissesMarcusIsland">{{cite news |title=Typhoon Misses Marcus Island |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/53323741/|via=Newspapers.com |accessdate=June 12, 2020 |work=Daily Press |agency=Associated Press |issue=134 |volume=59 |date=May 22, 1964 |location=Newport News, Virginia |page=46}}</ref><ref name="HitsMarcusIsle">{{cite news |title=Typhoon Hits Marcus Isle; Yank Missing |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/53324434/|via=Newspapers.com |accessdate=June 12, 2020 |work=Chicago Tribune |agency=Associated Pres |issue=144|volume=117 |date=May 23, 2020 |location=Chicago, Illinois |page=2-9}}</ref> Gusts reached 117&nbsp;km/h (72&nbsp;mph) and rainfall accumulations reached 94&nbsp;mm (3.7&nbsp;in) on the island, though there was "little damage."<ref name="May1964" /> Gradual weakening followed,<ref name="CD_Annual" />{{rp|74}} with winds diminishing below typhoon intensity on May&nbsp;22. The system then began to curve east as it transitioned into an [[extratropical cyclone]] by May&nbsp;24, and was last noted three days later.<ref name="IBTrACS_Tess" />
|Basin=WPac
|Image=02W 1964 track.png
|Formed=May 16
|Dissipated=May 17
|Type1=nwpdepression
|Type2=depression
|1-min winds=30
|Pressure=1002
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}}
Tropical Depression 02W was a short lived depression forming just south of [[Guam]] on May 16 and moved to the northeast dissipating within 18&nbsp;hours. Only four advisories were released on Tropical Depression 02W.
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===Tropical Depression Biring===
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
|Basin=WPac
|Image=
|Formed=May 25
|Dissipated=May 26
|1-min winds=30
|Pressure=
|WarningCenter=PAGASA
⚫
}}
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=== Typhoon Viola (Konsing) ===

{| class="wikitable floatleft"
⚫
===Typhoon Viola (Konsing)===
|+ Peak intensity estimates<ref name="IBTrACS_Viola" />
! Agency
! Wind<br />(kt){{efn|name=MSW}}
! Pressure<br />(hPa)
|-
! CMA
| 68 || 980
|-
! HKO
| 65 || 980
|-
! JMA
| {{N/a}} || 980
|-
! JTWC
| 70 || {{N/a}}
⚫
|}
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
|Basin=WPac
|Basin=WPac
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|Track=Viola 1964 track.png
|Track=Viola 1964 track.png
|Formed=May 21
|Formed=May 21
|Dissipated=May 29
|Dissipated=May 30{{efn|name=IBTrACS}}
|Type1=typhoon
|Type1=
|Type2=cat1
|Type2=cat1
|1-min winds=70
|1-min winds=70
|Pressure=980
|Pressure=980
}}
}}
Tropical Depression 3W formed on May 25 near [[Manila]]. The depression became Tropical Storm '''Viola''' the same day, and then Typhoon Viola on the 27th. Viola peaked at <span style="white-space:nowrap">80&nbsp;mph&nbsp;(129&nbsp;km/h)</span> winds with a pressure of 980&nbsp;mbar. The typhoon made landfall in Hong Kong on May 28, dissipating soon after.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1964atcr/pdf/wnp/03.pdf |title=Viola Report |access-date=2009-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606234104/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1964atcr/pdf/wnp/03.pdf |archive-date=2011-06-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


According to data from the [[Japan Meteorological Agency]] (JMA), the progenitor to Typhoon Viola emerged in the [[South China Sea]] just east of [[Vietnam]] on May&nbsp;21.<ref name="IBTrACS_Viola">{{cite web |title=1964 Typhoon VIOLA (1964143N13112) |website=IBTrACS - International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship|url=http://www.atms.unca.edu/ibtracs/ibtracs_v04r00/index.php?name=v04r00-1964143N13112 |publisher=University of North Carolina–Asheville |accessdate=June 12, 2020 |location=Asheville, North Carolina |date=2018}}</ref> This system initially moved towards the north before curving sharply east. Three days later, the system organized into a tropical depression after the JTWC identified a surface wind circulation.<ref name="ATR" />{{rp|81}} Viola reached tropical storm strength on May&nbsp;25 and then curved northwest, strengthening further into a typhoon on May&nbsp;27 and peaking in strength with winds of 130&nbsp;km/h (80&nbsp;mph).<ref name="IBTrACS_Viola" /> These winds diminished to 110&nbsp;km/h (70&nbsp;mph)—just under typhoon intensity—as Viola made [[landfall (meteorology)|landfall]] approximately 160&nbsp;km (100&nbsp;mi) west of [[Hong Kong]] at 03:00&nbsp;[[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] on May&nbsp;28.<ref name="IBTrACS_Viola" /><ref name="CD_Annual" />{{rp|74}} The storm weakened over [[mainland China]] and dissipated on May&nbsp;30.<ref name="IBTrACS_Viola" />
Striking near Hong Kong as a tropical storm, Viola brought heavy rains and strong winds to the region, ending a two-year [[drought]]. Business was nearly brought to a standstill as roads were blocked off and transportation suspended.<ref name="SpokesmanReview1"/> Several fishing vessels ran aground and 28 people were injured.<ref>{{cite news|work=Associated Press|publisher=The Evening Independent|date=May 28, 1964|accessdate=August 7, 2011|title=Typhoon Ends Long Drought In Hong Kong|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=qaAvAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_FYDAAAAIBAJ&dq=storm%20viola&pg=1310%2C4607194|page=2A}}</ref> Additionally, thousands of people living in "junk" houses were left homeless.<ref name="SpokesmanReview1">{{cite news|work=Reuters|publisher=The Spokesman-Review|date=May 29, 1964|accessdate=August 7, 2011|title=Storm Rips Hong Kong|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=BWRWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=5_EDAAAAIBAJ&dq=storm%20viola&pg=1329%2C4826823|page=20}}</ref>

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The [[Royal Observatory Hong Kong]] issued [[Hong Kong tropical cyclone warning signals|typhoon signal No. 8]] ahead of Viola's approach, signifying gale-force conditions. Ferry services were suspended in the territory.<ref name="Pui-yin" />{{rp|66,74}} Hong Kong recorded {{cvt|300.6|mm}} of rain in five days from the passing typhoon. The rainfall brought an end to an over two-year-long [[drought]] that had prompted a year-long water rationing in the territory.<ref name="Lam et al.">{{cite journal |last1=Lam |first1=Hilda |last2=Kok |first2=Mang Hin |last3=Shum |first3=Karen Kit Ying |title=Benefits from typhoons - the Hong Kong perspective |journal=Weather |date=January 2012 |volume=67 |issue=1 |pages=16–21 |doi=10.1002/wea.836 |url=https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/wea.836|via=John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |accessdate=June 12, 2020 |publisher=Royal Meteorological Society}} {{free access}}</ref><ref name="Chu">{{cite book |last1=Chu |first1=C. Y. |title=The Maryknoll Sisters in Hong Kong, 1921-1969 |date=2004 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |location=New York, New york |isbn=978-1-4039-8161-5 |edition=1st |chapter=Wong Tai Sin, Kowloon Tsai, and Social Services in the 1960s|doi=10.1057/9781403981615_6}}</ref><ref name="DeptReportsHK">{{cite web |last1=Wright |first1=A. M. J. |title=Annual Departmental Reports 1964-65 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TU4vU-aq1Q8C|via=Google Books |publisher=Hong Kong Public Works Department |accessdate=June 12, 2020 |location=Hong Kong, China}}</ref>{{rp|72}} More rain fell in roughly 24&nbsp;hours than in 1964 prior to Viola's arrival.<ref name="HongKongBaths">{{cite news |title=Viola Gave Hong Kong More Baths |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/53354988/|via=Newspapers.com |accessdate=June 13, 2020 |work=The Miami Herald |issue=182 |date=May 31, 1964 |location=Miami, Florida |page=20-A}}</ref> The storm uprooted trees, triggered landslides, and put over 6,000&nbsp;telephones out of commission.<ref name="TyphoonDamageInHongKong">{{cite news |title=Typhoon Damage in Hong Kong |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/53354037/|via=Newspapers.com |accessdate=June 13, 2020 |work=St. Joseph News-Press |agency=Associated Press |issue=129 |volume=92 |date=May 28, 1964 |location=St. Joseph, Missouri |page=12B}}</ref> Vegetable crops were badly damaged.<ref name="TyphoonDamages">{{cite news |title=Typhoon Damages |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/53354509/|via=Newspapers.com |accessdate=June 13, 2020 |work=Great Falls Tribune |agency=United Press International |issue=17 |volume=79 |date=May 30, 1964 |location=Great Falls, Montana |page=1}}</ref> Viola generated a 0.94-meter-high (3.08&nbsp;ft) [[storm surge]] at [[Quarry Bay]] and grounded four ships, including three [[freighter]]s at Hong Kong.<ref name="Lee and Wong">{{cite web |last1=Lee |first1=T. C. |last2=Wong |first2=C. F. |title=Historical Storm Surges and Storm Surge Forecasting in Hong Kong |url=https://extranet.wmo.int/pages/prog/amp/mmop/documents/JCOMM-TR/J-TR-44/SSS/papers/6_RAN_Lee_TszCheung.pdf |publisher=Hong Kong Observatory |via=World Meteorological Organization |accessdate=June 12, 2020 |location=Hong Kong, China |page=6 |format=PDF |date=October 2007}}</ref><ref name="Leaves41Injured">{{cite news |title=Typhoon Leaves 41 Injured in Hong Kong |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/53354648/|via=Newspapers.com |accessdate=June 13, 2020 |work=Chicago Tribune |agency=United Press International |issue=151 |date=May 30, 1964 |location=Chicago, Illinois |page=8}}</ref><ref name="CD_Annual" />{{rp|74}} Forty-one people were hospitalized by the storm and over a thousand were left homeless.<ref name="ViolaHitsHongKong">{{cite news |title=Typhoon Viola Hits Hong Kong |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/104295550 |via=Trove |accessdate=June 12, 2020 |work=The Canberra Times |agency=Australian Associated Press |issue=10860 |volume=38 |date=May 29, 1964 |location=Canberra, Australia |page=11}}</ref><ref name="TyphoonDamages" /> Further inland, the storm relieved drought conditions in the Chinese province of [[Guangdong]].<ref name="Leaves41Injured" />


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===Typhoon Winnie (Dading)===
===Typhoon Winnie (Dading)===
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
{{Infobox Hurricane Small

Revision as of 22:52, 19 November 2020

1964 Pacific typhoon season
Season summary map
Seasonal boundaries
First system formedMay 12, 1964
Last system dissipatedDecember 31, 1964
Strongest storm
NameSally and Opal
 • Maximum winds315 km/h (195 mph)
(1-minute sustained)
 • Lowest pressure895 hPa (mbar)
Seasonal statistics
Total depressions57 (world record high)
Total storms39 (world record high)
Typhoons26 (world record high)
Super typhoons7 (unofficial)
Total fatalities≥8,743
Total damageUnknown
Related articles
Pacific typhoon seasons
1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966

The 1964 Pacific typhoon season was the most active tropical cyclone season recorded globally, with a total of 39 tropical storms forming. It had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1964, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

Tropical Storms formed in the entire west pacific basin were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Tropical depressions in this basin have the "W" suffix added to their number. Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names.

The 1964 Pacific typhoon season was the most active season in recorded history with 39 storms. Notable storms include Typhoon Joan, which killed 7,000 people in Vietnam; Typhoon Louise, which killed 400 people in the Philippines, Typhoons Sally and Opal, which had some of the highest winds of any cyclone ever recorded at 195 mph, Typhoons Flossie and Betty, which both struck the city of Shanghai, China, and Typhoon Ruby, which hit Hong Kong as a powerful 140 mph Category 4 storm, killing over 700 and becoming the second worst typhoon to affect Hong Kong.

Season summary

Timeline of tropical activity in 1964 Pacific typhoon season

Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale
A surface weather analysis chart showing Typhoons Flossie and Helen and Tropical Storm Grace on July 28. July 1964 featured more typhoons than any preceding July on record.

The 1964 typhoon season was the most active Pacific typhoon season on record.[1][2] All months between and including May and November were featured an above-average number of typhoons relative to the 1959–1976 period.[3] The China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Hong Kong Observatory (HKO), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), and Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) each maintain tropical cyclone databases that include their respective intensity and path analyses for 1964, resulting in disparate storm counts and intensities.[4] Total tropical cyclone counts for the 1964 season include 40 from the CMA, 34 from the JMA, and 52 from the JTWC (including 7 considered "suspect cyclones").[4][5][6]: 47 

A recommendation was made at the 20th session of the United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (now known as the UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific [ESCAP]) in March 1964 for the United Nations Secretariat and World Meteorological Organization to investigate the feasibility of a multinational program for monitoring typhoons.[7] This led to the formation of the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee, which held its inaugural session in 1968.[8] Prior to the inception of the Typhoon Committee, the United States Indo-Pacific Command had designated the U.S. Fleet Weather Central in Guam as the JTWC in May 1959. The JTWC was tasked with warning U.S. government agencies on tropical cyclones in the northwestern Pacific, in addition to researching and orchestrating aircraft reconnaissance into such storms.[6]: i  Boeing B-47 Stratojets were deployed from the 54th Weather Reconnaissance Squadron to carry out airborne reconnaissance.[6]: 11  The JTWC issued 730 warnings on 26 typhoons, 14 tropical storms, and 5 tropical depressions. The number of typhoons was a new record, topping the 24 set in 1962.[6]: 47  Ten of these occurred in the South China Sea, compared to the annual average of 3.2 in the five years preceding 1964.[6] The anomalous strength of tropical waves observed during the latter-half of the year may have contributed to season's high activity.[9] Ten of the year's tropical cyclones—Grace, Helen, Nancy, Pamela, Ruby, Fran, Georgia, Iris, Kate, Louise, and Opal—were first detected using meteorological satellites.[10]

A U.S. Marine Corps helicopter dispatched to provide aid to South Vietnam following Joan and Kate in November

The active typhoon season was also impactful.[11] More storms passed near Hong Kong in 1964 than in any prior year. The Royal Observatory Hong Kong issued tropical cyclone warning signals 42 times for ten different storms; these warnings were in effect for 570 hours. Two of these storms, Ruby and Dot, prompted the highest warning signal, signal no. 10.[12] No year prior to 1964 featured more than two typhoons affecting Hong Kong on record.[13] Ten typhoons impacted the Philippines, including Winnie (known as Dading in the Philippines)[14], Luzon's severest typhoon since 1882.[11] The effects of typhoons in 1964 led to a 3.1 percent decrease in rice output from the Philippines.[15] Six typhoons and two tropical storms struck Vietnam, including three tropical cyclones in a twelve-day period in November. The combined effects of Iris and Joan killed as many as 7,000 people and led to the worst floods in six decades.[11]

In May 1964, the western Pacific was characterized by anomalously high geopotential heights towards the northern part of the basin and low geopotential heights in the tropical regions. This configuration was favorable for tropical cyclogenesis and led to the development of typhoons Tess and Viola, the first storms of the 1964 typhoon season.[6][16] Shower activity in the tropics west of Hawaii was above average between May 10–20.[17] The first half of June marked a reversal of this pattern as a large area of low pressure became established over the mid-Pacific.[18] The average sea-level pressure for the month was below normal for most of the northern Pacific.[17] Typhoons Winnie and Alice formed in the second half of the month when the initial height patterns returned.[18] July 1964 featured more tropical cyclones than any other July on record, though this was superseded by the 1971 Pacific typhoon season.[19] A strong high pressure area south of Japan caused most storms during July to take slow and westward paths.[20]

August was another above-average month for tropical activity in the basin. Pressures across most of the western Pacific were lower than average, particularly around Okinawa where tropical cyclone activity was high during the month.[21] Between August 10–19, a progression of cyclones in the upper troposphere triggered wind perturbations closer to the ocean surface, leading to the genesis of Tropical Storm June, Typhoon Kathy, Tropical Storm Lorna, and Tropical Storm Nancy.[22] Typhoons Kathy and Marie were involved in a Fujiwhara interaction that led both storms to rotate counterclockwise around each other, ending with Marie's absorption into Kathy's circulation.[23][24] A paper published in the Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society described the resulting paths of the two storms as an "archetypal example" of the Fujiwhara interaction.[25] In September, tropical cyclone activity was high across the Northern Hemisphere in both the Atlantic and Pacific. Subtropical ridging in the Pacific was extended zonally throughout the month, resulting in strong easterly winds in the subtropical latitudes and providing conducive conditions for storm development. The extensive ridging also prevented most of September's storms from taking curved paths into the westerlies; while approximately half of September typhoons curve into the westerlies on average, only one typhoon, Wilda, took such a trajectory in 1964.[26] The strong substropical ridging continued into October, leading to similar storm paths.[27]

Systems

Typhoon Tess (Asiang)

Peak intensity estimates[28]
Agency Wind
(kt)[a] 		Pressure
(hPa)
CMA 97 966
HKO 75 965
JMA — 960
JTWC 85 —
Category 2-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationMay 12 – May 27[b]
Peak intensity155 km/h (100 mph) (1-min);
960 hPa (mbar)

The first tropical cyclone of 1964 developed from a segment of the polar trough. A wind circulation was first identified near Woleai by the JTWC on May 9. This initial disturbance traveled west-northwest, passing near Ulithi and Yap.[6]: 72  On May 14, it organized further into a tropical depression and took an erratic track over the next four days, including a looping course.[28][6]: 50, 74  During this process, it strengthened into a tropical storm, weakened to a tropical depression, and reattained tropical storm intensity before heading on an east-northwestward to northeastward trajectory.[28][11]: 74  On May 19, a reconnaissance flight investigating Tess observed two eyes: the first and innermost eye measured 9.7 km (6 mi) across while the second was asymmetrical, with axes roughly 23 km (14 mi) and 14 km (9 mi) across.[6]: 75  Shortly after finding this feature, Tess was estimated to have attained typhoon status.[28]

Tess tracked towards the northeast after reaching typhoon intensity. Its center passed between Alamagan and Guguan on May 20 while maximum sustained winds in the typhoon were 140 km/h (85 mph).[28] Farther southeast, in Guam, the passing storm produced 52 mm (2.03 in) of rain.[29] The next day, Tess reached its peak intensity with winds of 155 km/h (100 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of 960 hPa (mbar; 28.35 inHg).[28] A seabee stationed on the island was presumed to have drowned after being swept away by the rough seas generated by the storm; two landing crafts were also destroyed by the rough seas.[30] At noon on May 21, the center of Tess passed 160 km (100 mi) west of Marcus Island,[11]: 74  bringing squalls accompanied by heavy rain and winds of 90 km/h (55 mph).[31][32] Gusts reached 117 km/h (72 mph) and rainfall accumulations reached 94 mm (3.7 in) on the island, though there was "little damage."[16] Gradual weakening followed,[11]: 74  with winds diminishing below typhoon intensity on May 22. The system then began to curve east as it transitioned into an extratropical cyclone by May 24, and was last noted three days later.[28]

Typhoon Viola (Konsing)

Peak intensity estimates[33]
Agency Wind
(kt)[a] 		Pressure
(hPa)
CMA 68 980
HKO 65 980
JMA — 980
JTWC 70 —
Category 1-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationMay 21 – May 30[b]
Peak intensity130 km/h (80 mph) (1-min);
980 hPa (mbar)

According to data from the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), the progenitor to Typhoon Viola emerged in the South China Sea just east of Vietnam on May 21.[33] This system initially moved towards the north before curving sharply east. Three days later, the system organized into a tropical depression after the JTWC identified a surface wind circulation.[6]: 81  Viola reached tropical storm strength on May 25 and then curved northwest, strengthening further into a typhoon on May 27 and peaking in strength with winds of 130 km/h (80 mph).[33] These winds diminished to 110 km/h (70 mph)—just under typhoon intensity—as Viola made landfall approximately 160 km (100 mi) west of Hong Kong at 03:00 UTC on May 28.[33][11]: 74  The storm weakened over mainland China and dissipated on May 30.[33]

The Royal Observatory Hong Kong issued typhoon signal No. 8 ahead of Viola's approach, signifying gale-force conditions. Ferry services were suspended in the territory.[12]: 66, 74  Hong Kong recorded 300.6 mm (11.83 in) of rain in five days from the passing typhoon. The rainfall brought an end to an over two-year-long drought that had prompted a year-long water rationing in the territory.[34][35][36]: 72  More rain fell in roughly 24 hours than in 1964 prior to Viola's arrival.[37] The storm uprooted trees, triggered landslides, and put over 6,000 telephones out of commission.[38] Vegetable crops were badly damaged.[39] Viola generated a 0.94-meter-high (3.08 ft) storm surge at Quarry Bay and grounded four ships, including three freighters at Hong Kong.[40][41][11]: 74  Forty-one people were hospitalized by the storm and over a thousand were left homeless.[42][39] Further inland, the storm relieved drought conditions in the Chinese province of Guangdong.[41]

Typhoon Winnie (Dading)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 3-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationJune 24 – July 4
Peak intensity185 km/h (115 mph) (1-min);
968 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Typhoon Winnie (1964)

Tropical Depression 4W formed on June 26, east of Manila. The depression quickly strengthened to a storm and was given the name Winnie the next day. The storm yet again strengthened reaching typhoon status by the 28th. On June 29, Winnie made landfall in Manila without losing much strength. While moving west, Winnie reached its peak intensity of 115 mph (185 km/h) winds and 970 mbar on July 1. Winnie then made landfall in China and dissipated over land on July 3.[43]

A total of 100 people were killed[44] and over 500,000 were left homeless throughout the Philippines due to the typhoon.[45][46][47] Thousands of poorly constructed homes were destroyed and Manila, the largest city in the Philippines with home to over 2.5 million people, was paralyzed by the storm.[48] The entire city suffered a blackout from Winnie, and officials reported that it would take days to begin restoring power. High winds downed large billboards and tore roofs off many structures as well as uprooting trees. Thousands of residents were left homeless by the storm. Torrential rains triggered widespread flooding throughout the affected region, isolating several communities. Sea and airports were closed for several days due to the system.[49] Damage from the storm were estimated to be in the tens of millions, making Winnie the worst storm to strike the country in roughly 30 years.[50]

Tropical Storm Alice

Tropical storm (JMA)
Category 1-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationJune 27 – June 29
Peak intensity120 km/h (75 mph) (1-min);
1000 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Depression 5W formed on June 26 in the open Pacific moving west. The depression quickly strengthened and was given the name Alice. The storm makes landfall in Guam on the 27th and also reached its peak intensity of 75 mph (121 km/h) with a pressure of 990 mbar. Alice was absorbed by Typhoon Winnie on June 28 near Yap.[51]

Tropical Depression 06W

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationJune 29 – July 2
Peak intensity45 km/h (30 mph) (1-min);

Tropical Depression 6W formed on June 29 from the remnants of Typhoon Alice in Bicol Region, Philippines. The depression never strengthened into a tropical storm and dissipated four days later on July 2 in Guandong, China.

Typhoon Betty (Edeng)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 3-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 2 – July 7
Peak intensity205 km/h (125 mph) (1-min);
960 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Depression 7W formed east of Taiwan on July 2. The depression moved west and strengthened into a storm the same day. Betty moved west, peaking at 125 mph (201 km/h) winds the next day. After passing Shanghai, China on July 6, rapid weakening occurred and Betty dissipated.[52]

Tropical Depression Gloring

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 5 – July 7
Peak intensity55 km/h (35 mph) (1-min);

Super Typhoon Cora (Huaning)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 5-equivalent super typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 5 – July 11
Peak intensity260 km/h (160 mph) (1-min);
970 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Depression 8W formed west of Truk on July 4. The depression moved west and strengthened into a tropical storm on July 6. Rapid strengthening occurred and Cora reached super typhoon status by July 8. Cora peaked at 160 mph (260 km/h) winds and a minimum pressure of 970 mbar (which is unusual for a tropical cyclone; 970 mbar should be for Category 2 storms) that day. As fast as the strengthening happened, Cora then rapidly weakened, making landfall in The Philippines as a tropical storm on July 10. Cora dissipated the same day over water.[53]

Severe Tropical Storm Doris (Isang)

Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Category 1-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 11 – July 17
Peak intensity150 km/h (90 mph) (1-min);
995 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Depression 9W formed on July 9 southeast of Truk. The depression moved to the northeast, reaching tropical storm status and receiving the name Doris on July 11. Strengthening was slow, and because of that, Doris did not reach typhoon status until July 13. Doris, on the 13th reached its peak intensity of 995 mbar with 90 mph (145 km/h) winds. Rapid weakening occurred, thus Doris dissipated on July 15 near Okinawa.[54]

Severe Tropical Storm Elsie (Lusing)

Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Category 3-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 14 – July 19
Peak intensity185 km/h (115 mph) (1-min);
1000 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Depression 10W formed on July 13 west of Saipan. Slow strengthening occurred, thus 10W did not reach tropical storm status until the 15th and was given the name Elsie. After reaching tropical storm status, moderate strengthening occurred, as Elsie reached typhoon intensity on late on the 16th. Rapid strengthening finally occurred, reaching a peak of 100 knots (115 mph) on July 17 and soon made landfall in The Philippines. Elsie weakened and dissipated over water on the 18th.[55]

Tropical Depression 11W (Maring)

Tropical depression (JMA)
Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 21 – July 23
Peak intensity55 km/h (35 mph) (1-min);
1006 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Depression 11W formed out in the open Pacific Ocean on July 21 and moved west. The depression dissipated on July 23 east of the Philippines, without making landfall.

Typhoon Flossie (Nitang)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 1-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 24 – July 29
Peak intensity150 km/h (90 mph) (1-min);
980 hPa (mbar)

The tropical wave that spawned Typhoon Flossie formed as Tropical Depression 12W on July 26. Rapid strengthening occurred and the depression was given the name Flossie that same day. Flossie strengthened rapidly to a 90 mph (145 km/h) typhoon and then made landfall near Shanghai, China on the 27th. Flossie quickly weakened, making its second landfall in Korea and dissipating over land on the 29th.[56]

In Okinawa, rough seas from the storm led to the collision of two U.S. Navy vessels and another to run aground. Damage sustained by the ships was reported to be minor.[57] In South Korea, two fishermen drowned and a third was listed as missing after the typhoon brushed northern portions of the country. Offshore, 15 fishing boats were destroyed.[58]

Tropical Storm Grace (Osang)

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 25 – August 4
Peak intensity95 km/h (60 mph) (1-min);
998 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Depression 13W formed on July 26 southwest of Iwo Jima. Strengthening occurred and 13W was given the name Grace. Grace strengthened into a 60 mph (97 km/h) tropical storm. Grace made a curve on the 29th and dissipated the next day. Strengthening re-occurred and Grace reached tropical storm status on August 3. Grace finally dissipated the next day. (see below)

Super Typhoon Helen

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 4-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 27 – August 4
Peak intensity240 km/h (150 mph) (1-min);
930 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Depression 14W formed late on July 27 west of Wake Island. The depression strengthened quickly, reaching tropical storm status that same day and receiving the name Helen. Rapid strengthening occurred which caused Helen to become a typhoon on the 29th. By July 30, Helen was a Category 4 super typhoon just south of Iwo Jima. That same day, Helen just passed by Iwo Jima. Rapid weakening occurred and Helen made landfall in China as a 50 mph (80 km/h) tropical storm on August 3. Helen dissipated over land the same day.[59]

Tropical Depression Paring

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 31 – August 1
Peak intensity55 km/h (35 mph) (1-min);

Tropical Depression Reming

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 1 – August 2
Peak intensity55 km/h (35 mph) (1-min);

Super Typhoon Ida (Seniang)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 4-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 2 – August 12
Peak intensity250 km/h (155 mph) (1-min);
925 hPa (mbar)

The interaction between the polar trough and an easterly wave developed into Tropical Depression 15W on August 2. It moved to the west-northwest, quickly strengthening into a tropical storm later on the 2nd and into a typhoon on the 4th. Ida rapidly intensified to a 155 mph (249 km/h) super typhoon on the 6th, and struck northeastern Luzon at that intensity that night. After weakening over the island, Ida turned to the northwest and hit southeastern China near Hong Kong on August 8 as a 100 mph (160 km/h) typhoon. The storm killed 75 people, and caused moderate to heavy damage on its path.[60]

Eleven deaths in Luzon were attributed to Ida, in addition to flooding and crop damage throughout the island.[61] U.S. Navy ships stationed at U.S. Naval Base Subic Bay were evacuated into the South China Sea prior to the storm's arrival.[62] People in low-lying fishing villages left for higher ground.[63] A 3,541-short-ton (3,212-metric-ton) freighter sustained damage to its bilge upon being grounded near Aparri.[61] Ida disrupted communications across Luzon. Streets in Manila were flooded to waist-height.[63] In Hong Kong, the Royal Observatory Hong Kong advised ships to seek shelter in port.[64]

Tropical Depression 16W

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 3 – August 4
Peak intensity30 km/h (15 mph) (1-min);

The apparent 16th system of the 1964 typhoon season was recorded to be the reformed Tropical Storm Grace on August 3 and 4th.[65]

Tropical Storm June (Toyang)

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 9 – August 17
Peak intensity75 km/h (45 mph) (1-min);
998 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Depression 17W formed on August 10 in the open Pacific Ocean. Slow intensifying occurred, and 17W was given the name June. June quickly peaked at 45 mph (72 km/h) and dissipated on the 13th north of Luzon.

Typhoon Kathy (Welpring)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 4-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 10 – August 25
Peak intensity215 km/h (130 mph) (1-min);
948 hPa (mbar)

The 19th tropical depression of the season formed on August 10 northwest of Wake Island. The depression soon rapidly strengthen into a tropical storm and was named Kathy by the next day. Kathy continued to gain strength and was a typhoon later on the 11th. From August 15 to August 18, Kathy had a Fujiwhara interaction with Typhoon Marie, soon absorbing Marie on the 18th. More strengthening occurred and Kathy was a Category 4 typhoon by the 18th, peaking at 135 mph (217 km/h) winds. After then, Kathy made a secondary loop before forming a complete loop. After Kathy looped twice, weakening occurred and Kathy made landfall as a tropical storm in Japan on August 25, dissipating soon after.

Tropical Storm Lorna

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 11 – August 14
Peak intensity65 km/h (40 mph) (1-min);
1002 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Depression 18W formed northwest of Saipan on August 12. Strengthening occurred slowly, reaching tropical storm status, receiving the name Lorna and dissipating the next day at a 40 mph (64 km/h) tropical storm peak.

Typhoon Marie (Undang)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 1-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 12 – August 20
Peak intensity130 km/h (80 mph) (1-min);
980 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Depression 20W formed far west of Hong Kong on August 14. Strengthening was slow and 20W was given the name Marie the next day. During the storm's lifetime, Marie had a Fujiwhara interaction with the stronger Typhoon Kathy, causing Marie to weaken after peaking at a 80 mph (129 km/h) typhoon and making landfall in Iwo Jima on the 17th. Marie made landfall in Japan on the 18th and was absorbed by Typhoon Kathy the same day.

Tropical Depression Nancy

Tropical depression (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 17 – August 19
Peak intensity65 km/h (40 mph) (1-min);
998 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Depression 21W formed far northeast of Wake Island on August 17. The depression strengthened and was given the name Nancy. Nancy peaked at a 40 mph (64 km/h) tropical storm, dissipating over water on August 19.

Tropical Depression Olga

Tropical depression (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 22 – August 25
Peak intensity85 km/h (50 mph) (1-min);
996 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Olga was spawned by the 22nd tropical depression of the season forming on August 23 in the South China Sea. Olga dissipated on August 25, not strengthening farther than a 50 mph (80 km/h) tropical storm or ever making landfall.

Tropical Depression 23W

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 25 – August 25
Peak intensity35 km/h (25 mph) (1-min);

Tropical Depression 23W formed on August 25, never reaching tropical storm status, and dissipated the same day as it formed. The location of this depression is unknown.

Tropical Depression Pamela

Tropical depression (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 25 – August 26
Peak intensity95 km/h (60 mph) (1-min);
1004 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Depression 24W formed on August 25 as a 25 mph (40 km/h) depression southeast of Wake Island. The depression quickly strengthened, peaking at a 60 mph (97 km/h) storm named Pamela the same day. Pamela weakened rapidly and was gone by 1200 UTC August 26.

Typhoon Ruby (Yoning)

Main article: Typhoon Ruby (1964)
Typhoon (JMA)
Category 4-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 1 – September 6
Peak intensity220 km/h (140 mph) (1-min);
970 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Ruby, which formed on September 1 to the northeast of Luzon, rapidly intensified on September 5 to a peak of 140 mph (230 km/h) winds. It hit near Hong Kong, causing sustained hurricane winds there just hours later, and dissipated on September 6 over China. Ruby caused over 730 fatalities and catastrophic damage.

Tropical Depression 26W

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 2 – September 3
Peak intensity55 km/h (35 mph) (1-min);
1006 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Depression 26W formed northwest of Saipan on September 2. The depression moved north and dissipated on September 3, without making landfall.

Super Typhoon Sally (Aring)

Main article: Typhoon Sally (1964)
Typhoon (JMA)
Category 5-equivalent super typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 3 – September 11
Peak intensity315 km/h (195 mph) (1-min);
895 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Depression 27W formed on September 3 near Ponape as a 30 mph (48 km/h) depression. 27W quickly strengthened and was given the name Sally the same day. Rapid strengthening occurred as Sally moved west, reaching typhoon status by September 4, super typhoon status by the 6th and its peak intensity of 895 mbar with 195 mph (314 km/h) winds, becoming the strongest typhoon of the season on the 7th. Sally made landfall in Philippines on the 9th as a Category 5 typhoon. Weakening occurred and made landfall in China as a 115 mph (185 km/h) typhoon on the 10th, dissipating over land the same day.

Tropical Depression 28W

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 7 – September 7
Peak intensity45 km/h (30 mph) (1-min);

Tropical Depression 28W formed on September 7, never reached tropical storm status, and dissipated the same day as forming. The location of this depression is unknown.

Typhoon Tilda (Basiang)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 3-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 12 – September 24
Peak intensity205 km/h (125 mph) (1-min);
965 hPa (mbar)

A tropical wave formed between Saipan and Iwo Jima on September 12. The wave strengthened and was given the designation 29W on the 13th. Rapid strengthening occurred and the depression became Tropical Storm Tilda the same day. By the 15th, Tilda was a 105 mph (169 km/h) typhoon. Tilda made landfall in China and weakened slightly on the 16th of September. Tilda reached water again and re-strengthened to a 130 mph (210 km/h) typhoon. Tilda made landfall on the 23rd on the demarcation line of North Vietnam and South Vietnam, dissipating over land.

Typhoon Violet

Typhoon (CMA)
Category 1-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 14 – September 15
Peak intensity140 km/h (85 mph) (1-min);
984 hPa (mbar)

The 30th tropical depression formed on September 14 in the South China Sea. The depression quickly strengthened and was given the name Violet within six hours. Violet reached typhoon status the next day and made landfall in South Vietnam, dissipating over land.

Tropical Depression 31W

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 15 – September 15
Peak intensity55 km/h (35 mph) (1-min);
1002 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Depression 31W formed on September 15, never reached tropical storm status, and dissipated the same day. The location of this depression is unknown.

Super Typhoon Wilda

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 5-equivalent super typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 16 – September 25
Peak intensity280 km/h (175 mph) (1-min);
895 hPa (mbar)

Super Typhoon Wilda, having started on September 19 and reaching a peak of 175 mph (282 km/h) on the 21st, steadily weakened after its peak. It turned northward and northeastward, and made landfall on southern Japan on the 24th as a 115 mph (185 km/h) typhoon, and became extratropical the next day. Wilda left 42 dead or missing from its heavy flooding.

CMA Tropical Depression 25

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 20 – September 23
Peak intensity55 km/h (35 mph) (1-min);
998 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Storm Anita

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 23 – September 28
Peak intensity95 km/h (60 mph) (1-min);
996 hPa (mbar)

The 33rd depression of the season formed near South Vietnam on September 24. The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Anita the next day. Anita's strength changed rapidly on the 25th and 26th, reaching its peak intensity of 60 mph (97 km/h) on the 26th. Anita dissipated over water on September 27.

Severe Tropical Storm Billie (Kayang)

Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationSeptember 24 – October 2
Peak intensity110 km/h (70 mph) (1-min);
994 hPa (mbar)

The 34th depression formed from a tropical wave west of Guam on September 25. The depression moved west, slowly strengthening to a tropical storm on the 27th. The storm made landfall in The Philippines the next day and peaked at 70 mph (113 km/h) the day after. Billie dissipated over water on October 1.

Typhoon Clara (Dorang)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 1-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationOctober 1 – October 8
Peak intensity150 km/h (90 mph) (1-min);
980 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Depression 35W formed on October 2 near The Philippines. The depression became Tropical Storm Clara the same day. Clara moved westward and gained strength slowly, reaching typhoon status on October 4 near The Philippines. Clara made landfall in Samoa on the 5th after it reached its peak at 90 mph (145 km/h). The storm continued westward and made landfall in North Vietnam, dissipating after landfall on the 8th.

Typhoon Dot (Enang)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 2-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationOctober 7 – October 15
Peak intensity165 km/h (105 mph) (1-min);
980 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Typhoon Dot (1964)

Forming on October 6, Typhoon Dot hit northern Luzon on October 9 as an 80 mph (129 km/h) storm. It continued northwestward, and reached a peak of 100 mph (160 km/h) before hitting near Hong Kong on October 13, becoming the second typhoon to cause sustained hurricane winds in Hong Kong in the same season. Up to this date 1964 was the only year in which two typhoons caused sustained hurricane winds in Hong Kong in the same year. Dot dissipated quickly, after leaving 36 dead or missing, with 85 people injured from the typhoon.

Tropical Depression Ellen

Tropical depression (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationOctober 8 – October 10
Peak intensity85 km/h (50 mph) (1-min);
998 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Depression 37W formed west of Kawalein on October 8, peaking at a 50 mph (80 km/h) tropical storm and was given the name Ellen. Ellen dissipated on October 10 near Ponape.

Severe Tropical Storm Fran

Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationOctober 13 – October 21
Peak intensity95 km/h (60 mph) (1-min);
996 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Depression 38W formed on October 15 near Wake Island. The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Fran soon later. The storm peaked at 60 mph (97 km/h), the storm made a curve to the north and dissipated on October 17.

Tropical Storm Georgia (Grasing)

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationOctober 18 – October 24
Peak intensity85 km/h (50 mph) (1-min);
994 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Depression 39W formed west of the Philippines on October 20. During the formative stage, 39W crossed paths with the active Tropical Depression 40W. The depression stormed westward, reaching storm status on the same day and received the name Georgia after landfall in the Philippines. Georgia continued to move westward peaking at 45 knots and made landfall in North Vietnam on October 23. Georgia dissipated over land.

Tropical Depression 40W

Tropical depression (JMA)
Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationOctober 20 – October 24
Peak intensity55 km/h (35 mph) (1-min);
1004 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Depression 40W formed northeast of Truk on October 20. The depression moved west and soon crossed paths with the soon-to-be Tropical Storm Georgia. 40W threatened both the islands of Yap and Ulithi on the 23rd. The depression dissipated on October 24.

Typhoon Hope (Hobing)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 1-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationOctober 24 – October 30
Peak intensity140 km/h (85 mph) (1-min);
975 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Depression 41W formed near Guam late on October 23. The depression gained strength and was given the name Hope within six hours. Strengthening occurred slowly and Hope reached typhoon intensity on October 27. The storm peaked at 85 mph (137 km/h) winds on the 28th near Chichi Jima. The storm weakened over water and became extratropical on the 30th near Japan.

Tropical Depression 42W

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationOctober 30 – November 4
Peak intensity35 km/h (25 mph) (1-min);

Tropical Depression 42W formed on October 30 and lasted for several days over water. 42W dissipated on November 4, never reaching tropical storm status. The location of this depression is unknown.

Tropical Storm Iris

Tropical storm (JMA)
Category 1-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationOctober 31 – November 5
Peak intensity120 km/h (75 mph) (1-min);
996 hPa (mbar)

On November 1, the JTWC began monitoring a tropical disturbance over the South China Sea, near the western Philippines. The following day, the system quickly organized as it moved in a general eastward direction. During the afternoon, the JTWC issued their first advisory on the system, immediately declaring it Tropical Storm Iris. After briefly taking a northeasterly track, Iris turned towards the southeast and reconnaissance planes recorded a developing eyewall. The following day, the a pressure of 1000 mbar (hPa) was recorded in the center of the storm; however, this reading was not taken at the storm's highest intensity.[66] On November 4, Iris intensified into a minimal typhoon, attaining winds of 120 km/h (75 mph)[67] and featured a circular 18 mi (29 km) wide eye. Several hours later, the storm made landfall in central South Vietnam at this strength. Rapid weakening took place shortly thereafter, with the storm dissipating late on November 4 over the high terrain of Vietnam.[66]

Tropical Storm Iris brought significant rainfall to parts of Vietnam, resulting in significant flooding. However, a few days after Iris moved through the country, Tropical Storm Joan worsened the situation significantly.[68]

Tropical Storm Joan

Tropical storm (JMA)
Category 1-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationNovember 4 – November 11
Peak intensity130 km/h (80 mph) (1-min);
1000 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Tropical Storm Joan (1964)

The deadliest storm of the 1964 season, Tropical Storm Joan brought heavy flooding that killed 7,000 people in Vietnam.[68]

Similar to the formation of Tropical Storm Iris, Tropical Storm Joan originated from a tropical disturbance over the western South China Sea on November 5. Tracking eastward, the system quickly organized and was immediately declared a tropical storm on November 6. Early the next day, a reconnaissance plane recorded a pressure of 1000 mbar (hPa), the lowest in relation to Joan; however, this was measured while the system was a minimal tropical storm. Continued development took place over the following day as a well-defined wall cloud developed within the system.[69] Joan attained typhoon intensity during the afternoon of November 8 and reached its peak intensity with winds of 130 km/h (80 mph) shortly thereafter.[70] Tropical Storm Joan made landfall in nearly the same location as Typhoon Iris in central Vietnam before rapidly weakening over land. The system eventually weakened to a tropical depression on November 9 before dissipating over Laos.[69]

Due to the rapid succession of tropical storms Iris and Joan, widespread flooding and catastrophic flooding was reported across central South Vietnam. Roughly 90% of structures in three provinces were damaged by the storms and nearly one million were estimated to have been left homeless. Military operations during the Vietnam War were suspended by the typhoons.

Typhoon Kate

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 1-equivalent typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationNovember 10 – November 17
Peak intensity150 km/h (90 mph) (1-min);
990 hPa (mbar)

A tropical wave was spotted off South Vietnam on November 12. The wave became Tropical Depression 45W on the 13th. The depression quickly strengthened into Tropical Storm Kate the same day. Kate made a curve to the west as a 60 mph (97 km/h) tropical storm. Kate strengthened into a typhoon on the 15th and a peak at 90 mph (145 km/h) winds the next day. Kate made landfall over South Vietnam on the 17th, dissipating over land.

Super Typhoon Louise–Marge (Ining–Liling)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 5-equivalent super typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationNovember 14 – November 26
Peak intensity305 km/h (190 mph) (1-min);
915 hPa (mbar)

The monsoon trough spawned Tropical Depression 46W on November 15 east of the Philippines. It moved westward, reaching tropical storm status later on the 15th and typhoon status on the 16th. Louise rapidly intensified, and peaked at 190 mph (310 km/h) on the 18th. The super typhoon weakened slightly to 160 mph (260 km/h) before hitting the southeast Philippines on the 19th. Louise dissipated over the archipelago on November 20, after causing 595 fatalities.

Forming from the remnants of Louise, Tropical Depression 48W formed on November 21 near The Philippines. The depression made landfall in the Philippines just after forming. The depression was finally given the name Marge on the same day. Marge quickly strengthened to a 65 mph (105 km/h) tropical storm the next day. Weakening occurred and Marge dissipated over water on November 24.

Tropical Depression 47W

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationNovember 19 – November 20
Peak intensity35 km/h (25 mph) (1-min);

Tropical Depression 47W formed on November 19, never reached tropical storm status, and dissipated on November 20. The location of this depression is unknown.

Tropical Storm Nora (Moning)

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationNovember 26 – December 2
Peak intensity100 km/h (65 mph) (1-min);
995 hPa (mbar)

The 49th tropical depression formed near the Philippines on November 27. The depression brushed the area and strengthened into Tropical Storm Nora. Nora quickly weakened into a depression and dissipated the next day, peaking at only 65 mph (105 km/h).

Tropical Depression 50W

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationDecember 5 – December 5
Peak intensity35 km/h (25 mph) (1-min);

Tropical Depression 50W formed on December 5, never reached tropical storm status, and dissipated the same day. The location of this depression is unknown. 50W was tied for the shortest living system of the season with 23W, 28W and 31W.

Super Typhoon Opal (Naning)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 5-equivalent super typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationDecember 9 – December 16
Peak intensity315 km/h (195 mph) (1-min);
895 hPa (mbar)

A tropical wave formed off the coast of Kosrae on December 8. The wave strengthened and was declared Tropical Depression 51W near Chuuk late the same day. 51W quickly strengthened into a tropical storm and was given the name Opal. Rapid strengthening occurred and Opal was a typhoon by the next day near Chuuk. Opal strengthened again into a super typhoon the next day, reaching its peak intensity of 195 mph (314 km/h) winds and a minimum pressure of 895 mbar. Opal grazed the Philippines as a Category 5 super typhoon on the 13th. Opal quickly weakened and dissipated near Hong Kong on the 16th.

Tropical Depression 52W

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationDecember 10 – December 12
Peak intensity55 km/h (35 mph) (1-min);
1000 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Depression formed near the International Date Line on December 10. The depression moved to the west and soon made a curve to south. 52W dissipated on December 12 near the island of Nauru.

Tropical Depression 53W

Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationDecember 29 – December 28
Peak intensity45 km/h (30 mph) (1-min);
1002 hPa (mbar)

Storm names

International

See also: Lists of tropical cyclone names and Tropical cyclone naming

During the season 39 named tropical cyclones developed in the Western Pacific and were named by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, when it was determined that they had become tropical storms. These names were contributed to a revised list starting in late 1949, which now includes both female and male names.

Tess Viola Winnie Alice Betty Cora Doris Elsie Flossie Grace Helen Ida June Kathy Lorna
Marie Nancy Olga Pamela Ruby Sally Tilda Violet Wilda Anita Billie Clara Dot Ellen Fran
Georgia Hope Iris Joan Kate Louise Marge Nora Opal

After the season JTWC announced that the name Tilda would be removed from the list and the name selected to replace it was Therese which was first used in the 1967 season.

Philippines

See also: List of retired Philippine typhoon names
Asiang Biring Konsing Dading Edeng
Gloring Huaning Isang Lusing Maring
Nitang Osang Paring Reming Seniang
Toyang Undang Welpring Yoning
Auxiliary list
Aring
Basiang Kayang Dorang Enang Grasing
Hobing Ining Liling Moning Naning
Oring

The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration uses its own naming scheme for tropical cyclones in their area of responsibility. PAGASA assigns names to tropical depressions that form within their area of responsibility and any tropical cyclone that might move into their area of responsibility. PAGASA uses its own naming scheme that starts in the Filipino alphabet, with names of Filipino female names ending with "ng" (A, B, K, D, etc.). Should the list of names for a given year prove to be insufficient, names are taken from an auxiliary list, the first 6 of which are published each year before the season starts (in this case, all of them are used up and more auxiliary names are given). All of the storm names here are used for the first time (and only, in case of Dading). The names not retired from this list will be used again in the 1968 season.

After the season, PAGASA announced that the name Dading would be stricken out form its naming lists due to its impacts and was replaced by Didang which was first used during the 1968 season, this name was later retired by the Agency during the 1976 Pacific typhoon season and replaced with Ditang which was first used during the 1980 season.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) estimates the maximum sustained wind of a tropical cyclone has the highest windspeed averaged over one minute, the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) averages such winds over two minutes, and the Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) and Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) averages such winds over ten minutes in their historical records.[4]
  2. ^ a b Storm durations and intensities are based on the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS), which is endorsed by the World Meteorological Organization's Tropical Cyclone Programme as "an official archiving and distribution resource for tropical cyclone best track data." However, different meteorological agencies, including the JTWC, Japan Meteorological Agency, China Meteorological Administration, and Hong Kong Observatory have disparate datasets for tropical cyclone histories that may not precisely reflect the storm attributes listed here.

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