2024 United States Senate elections

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2024 United States Senate elections

← 2022 November 5, 2024 2026 →

34 of the 100 seats in the United States Senate
51 seats needed for a majority
 
Leader Chuck Schumer Mitch McConnell
Party Democratic Republican
Leader since January 3, 2017 January 3, 2007
Leader's seat New York Kentucky

 
Party Independent

2024 United States Senate special election in Nebraska2024 United States Senate election in Arizona2024 United States Senate election in California2024 United States Senate election in Connecticut2024 United States Senate election in Delaware2024 United States Senate election in Florida2024 United States Senate election in Hawaii2024 United States Senate election in Indiana2024 United States Senate election in Maine2024 United States Senate election in Maryland2024 United States Senate election in Massachusetts2024 United States Senate election in Michigan2024 United States Senate election in Minnesota2024 United States Senate election in Mississippi2024 United States Senate election in Missouri2024 United States Senate election in Montana2024 United States Senate election in Nebraska2024 United States Senate election in Nevada2024 United States Senate election in New Jersey2024 United States Senate election in New Mexico2024 United States Senate election in New York2024 United States Senate election in North Dakota2024 United States Senate election in Ohio2024 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania2024 United States Senate election in Rhode Island2024 United States Senate election in Tennessee2024 United States Senate election in Texas2024 United States Senate election in Utah2024 United States Senate election in Vermont2024 United States Senate election in Virginia2024 United States Senate election in Washington2024 United States Senate election in West Virginia2024 United States Senate election in Wisconsin2024 United States Senate election in Wyoming
Map of the incumbents:
     Democratic incumbent
     Republican incumbent      Republican incumbent retiring
     Independent incumbent      Incumbent TBD
     No election
Rectangular inset (Nebraska): both seats up for election

Incumbent Majority Leader

Chuck Schumer
Democratic



The 2024 United States Senate elections are scheduled to be held on November 5, 2024, as part of the 2024 United States elections. 33 of the 100 seats in the U.S. Senate will be contested in regular elections, the winners of which will serve six-year terms in the U.S. Congress from January 3, 2025, to January 3, 2031. Senators are divided into three groups, or classes, whose terms are staggered so that a different class is elected every two years. Class 1 senators were last elected in 2018, and will be up for election again in 2024. Numerous other federal, state, and local elections, including the U.S. presidential election and elections to the House, will also be held on this date.

As of October 2022, 15 senators (13 Democrats and two Republicans) have announced plans to run for re-election. One Republican, Mike Braun, has announced an intention to retire.[1] Another Republican, Ben Sasse, is reported to be resigning early to accept a position as president of the University of Florida; the governor of Nebraska will appoint an interim senator and a special election will take place concurrently with the 2024 regular Senate elections to fill the seat for the remainder of the term.[2]

The map for these elections, like in the previous Class 1 Senate election in 2018, is considered by elections analysts to be unfavorable to Democrats, who will be defending 23 of the 33 seats of Class 1.[3] Three Democrats in this class represent states won by Donald Trump in both 2016 and 2020 (Montana, Ohio, and West Virginia), while no Republicans represent states won by Joe Biden in 2020. Further, Democrats are defending seats in seven states that Biden won by a single-digit margin (Arizona, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, Nevada, Michigan, Minnesota, and Maine) while Republicans are defending only two seats in states that Trump won by a single-digit margin (Florida and Texas). In the two most recent senate election cycles that coincided with presidential elections (2016 and 2020), only one senator (Republican Susan Collins of Maine in 2020) has been elected in a state that was won by the presidential nominee of the opposite party.[4]

Partisan composition

All 33 Class 1 Senate seats and one Class 2 seat are up for election in 2024; Class 1 currently consists of 21 Democrats, 2 independents who caucus with the Senate Democrats, and 10 Republicans. If another vacancy occurs in other Class 2 or Class 3 Senate seats, that state might require a special election to take place during the 118th Congress, possibly concurrently with the other 2024 Senate elections.

Change in composition

Each block represents one of the one hundred seats in the U.S. Senate. "D#" is a Democratic/active senator, "I#" is an Independent senator, and "R#" is a Republican/active senator. They are arranged so that the parties are separated, and a majority is clear by crossing the middle.

Before the elections

Each block indicates an incumbent senator's actions going into the election.

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10
D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11
D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28
Ariz.
Undeclared
D29
Calif.
Undeclared
D30
Conn.
Running
D40
N.M.
Running
D39
N.J.
Running
D38
Nev.
Running
D37
Mont.
Undeclared
D36
Minn.
Running
D35
Mich.
Running
D34
Mass.
Running
D33
Md.
Undeclared
D32
Hawaii
Running
D31
Del.
Undeclared
D41
N.Y.
Running
D42
Ohio
Running
D43
Pa.
Running
D44
R.I.
Undeclared
D45
Va.
Undeclared
D46
Wash.
Running
D47
W.Va.
Undeclared
D48
Wis.
Running
I1
Maine
Undeclared
I2
Vt.
Undeclared
Majority (with independents and vice president) ↑
R41
Miss.
Undeclared
R42
Mo.
Undeclared
R43
Neb. (reg)
Running
R44
Neb. (sp)
Appointed
R45
N.D.
Undeclared
R46
Tenn.
Undeclared
R47
Texas
Running
R48
Utah
Undeclared
R49
Wyo.
Undeclared
TBD
in 2022
R40
Ind.
Retiring
R39
Fla.
Running
R38 R37 R36 R35 R34 R33 R32 R31
R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 R30
R20 R19 R18 R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10

After the elections

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10
D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11
D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 TBD
in 2022
Ariz.
TBD
Calif.
TBD
Minn.
TBD
Mich.
TBD
Mass.
TBD
Md.
TBD
Maine
TBD
Ind.
TBD
Hawaii
TBD
Fla.
TBD
Del.
TBD
Conn.
TBD
Mont.
TBD
Miss.
TBD
Mo.
TBD
N.D.
TBD
Neb. (reg)
TBD
Neb. (sp)
TBD
Nev.
TBD
N.J.
TBD
N.M.
TBD
N.Y.
TBD
Majority TBD →
W.Va.
TBD
Wash.
TBD
Va.
TBD
Vt.
TBD
Utah
TBD
Texas
TBD
Tenn.
TBD
R.I.
TBD
Pa.
TBD
Ohio
TBD
Wis.
TBD
Wyo.
TBD
R38 R37 R36 R35 R34 R33 R32 R31
R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 R30
R20 R19 R18 R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10
Key
D# Democratic
R# Republican
I# Independent, caucusing with Democrats

Retirements

As of November 2022, one Republican has announced plans to retire.

State Senator Ref
Indiana Mike Braun [1]

Race summary

Special elections during the preceding Congress

In each special election, the winner's term begins immediately after their election is certified by their state's government.

Elections are sorted by date then state.

State
(linked to
summaries below)
Incumbent Status Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Nebraska
(Class 2)
TBA[a] Republican 2023 (Appointed) Incumbent to be determined[2]
  • TBD

Elections leading to the next Congress

In these general elections, the winners will be elected for the term beginning January 3, 2025.

State
(linked to
summaries below)
Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history Last race
Arizona Kyrsten Sinema Democratic 2018 50.0% D Incumbent's intent unknown
  • TBD
California Dianne Feinstein Democratic 1992 (Special)
1994
2000
2006
2012
2018
54.2% D[b] Incumbent's intent unknown
  • Denice Gary-Pandol (Republican)[5]
Connecticut Chris Murphy Democratic 2012
2018
59.5% D Incumbent running
Delaware Tom Carper Democratic 2000
2006
2012
2018
60.0% D Incumbent's intent unknown
  • TBD
Florida Rick Scott Republican 2018 50.1% R Incumbent running
Hawaii Mazie Hirono Democratic 2012
2018
71.2% D Incumbent running
Indiana Mike Braun Republican 2018 50.7% R Incumbent retiring to run for governor of Indiana[1]
  • TBD
Maine Angus King Independent 2012
2018
54.3% I Incumbent's intent unknown
  • TBD
Maryland Ben Cardin Democratic 2006
2012
2018
64.9% D Incumbent's intent unknown
  • TBD
Massachusetts Elizabeth Warren Democratic 2012
2018
60.3% D Incumbent running
Michigan Debbie Stabenow Democratic 2000
2006
2012
2018
52.3% D Incumbent running
Minnesota Amy Klobuchar Democratic 2006
2012
2018
60.3% D Incumbent running
Mississippi Roger Wicker Republican 2007 (Appointed)
2008 (Special)
2012
2018
58.5% R Incumbent's intent unknown
  • TBD
Missouri Josh Hawley Republican 2018 51.4% R Incumbent's intent unknown
  • TBD
Montana Jon Tester Democratic 2006
2012
2018
50.3% D Incumbent's intent unknown
  • TBD
Nebraska Deb Fischer Republican 2012
2018
57.7% R Incumbent running
Nevada Jacky Rosen Democratic 2018 50.4% D Incumbent running
New Jersey Bob Menendez Democratic 2006 (Appointed)
2006
2012
2018
54.0% D Incumbent running
New Mexico Martin Heinrich Democratic 2012
2018
54.1% D Incumbent running
New York Kirsten Gillibrand Democratic 2009 (Appointed)
2010 (Special)
2012
2018
67.0% D Incumbent running
North Dakota Kevin Cramer Republican 2018 55.1% R Incumbent's intent unknown
  • TBD
Ohio Sherrod Brown Democratic 2006
2012
2018
53.4% D Incumbent running
Pennsylvania Bob Casey Jr. Democratic 2006
2012
2018
55.7% D Incumbent running
Rhode Island Sheldon Whitehouse Democratic 2006
2012
2018
61.4% D Incumbent's intent unknown
  • TBD
Tennessee Marsha Blackburn Republican 2018 54.7% R Incumbent's intent unknown
  • TBD
Texas Ted Cruz Republican 2012
2018
50.9% R Incumbent running
Utah Mitt Romney Republican 2018 62.6% R Incumbent's intent unknown
  • TBD
Vermont Bernie Sanders Independent 2006
2012
2018
67.4% I Incumbent's intent unknown
  • TBD
Virginia Tim Kaine Democratic 2012
2018
57.0% D Incumbent's intent unknown
  • TBD
Washington Maria Cantwell Democratic 2000
2006
2012
2018
58.3% D Incumbent running
West Virginia Joe Manchin Democratic 2010 (Special)
2012
2018
49.6% D Incumbent's intent unknown
Wisconsin Tammy Baldwin Democratic 2012
2018
55.4% D Incumbent running
Wyoming John Barrasso Republican 2007 (Appointed)
2008 (Special)
2012
2018
67.0% R Incumbent's intent unknown
  • TBD

Arizona

One-term Democrat Kyrsten Sinema was elected in 2018 with 50.0% of the vote.

Due to Sinema's opposition to some of President Joe Biden's agenda, she is considered vulnerable to primary challengers.[17] United States representative Ruben Gallego has been reported as a likely challenger.[18][19]

California

Five-term Democrat Dianne Feinstein was re-elected in 2018 with 54.2% of the vote. Despite being 91 in 2024, Feinstein has filed paperwork to run. Feinstein's staff later clarified that this was due to election law technicalities; it was not indicative of her intentions in 2024.[20]

Should Feinstein retire, U.S. representatives Ro Khanna, Barbara Lee, Katie Porter, and Adam Schiff have been speculated upon as possible candidates.[21][22][23][24]

Connecticut

Two-term Democrat Chris Murphy was re-elected in 2018 with 59.5% of the vote. Murphy plans to run for a third term.[6]

Delaware

Four-term Democrat Tom Carper was re-elected in 2018 with 60.0% of the vote. During the Democratic primary of that race, Carper implied that he might retire in 2024, and, when asked about it, said, "This may be the last time."[25]

Florida

Former Governor and incumbent one-term Republican Rick Scott was elected in 2018 with 50.1% of the vote. He is running for reelection to a second term.[7]

Outgoing U.S. representative Stephanie Murphy has expressed interest in challenging Scott.[26]

Hawaii

Two-term Democrat Mazie Hirono was re-elected in 2018 with 71.2% of the vote. Hirono is running for a third term.[6]

Indiana

One-term Republican Mike Braun was elected in 2018 with 50.8% of the vote. Braun is retiring to prepare to run for Governor of Indiana instead.[1] Representative Victoria Spartz, outgoing Representative Trey Hollingsworth, and Indiana Attorney General and 2018 Senate candidate Todd Rokita are all seen as potential candidates for the Republican nomination to succeed him.[27]

Maine

Two-term Independent incumbent Angus King was re-elected in 2018 with 54.3% of the vote. He has hinted that he may retire.[28]

Maryland

Three-term Democrat Ben Cardin was re-elected in 2018 with 64.9% of the vote.

Massachusetts

Two-term Democrat Elizabeth Warren was re-elected in 2018 with 60.3% of the vote. On May 8, 2021, Warren confirmed that she plans to run for a third term.[8]

Michigan

Four-term Democrat Debbie Stabenow was re-elected in 2018 with 52.3% of the vote. She is running for a fifth term.[9]

Minnesota

Three-term Democrat Amy Klobuchar was re-elected in 2018 with 60.3% of the vote. She has announced her intent to run for a fourth term.[6]

Mississippi

Two-term Republican Roger Wicker was re-elected in 2018 with 58.5% of the vote.

Missouri

One-term Republican Josh Hawley was elected in 2018 with 51.4% of the vote.

Montana

Three-term Democrat Jon Tester was re-elected in 2018 with 50.3% of the vote.

Nebraska

There will be two elections in Nebraska, due to the pending resignation of Ben Sasse.

Nebraska (regular)

Two-term Republican Deb Fischer was re-elected in 2018 with 57.7% of the vote. On May 14, 2021, Fischer announced she intends to seek re-election, despite previously declaring an intention to retire.[10]

Democrat Alisha Shelton, a mental health practitioner from Omaha, plans to challenge Fischer.[11]

Nebraska (special)

Two-term Republican Ben Sasse will resign his seat at the start of the 118th Congress to become President of the University of Florida.[2] An interim replacement senator will be appointed by the incoming Governor Jim Pillen and a special election for the seat will take place concurrently with the 2024 regular Senate elections.

Nevada

One-term Democrat Jacky Rosen was elected in 2018 with 50.4% of the vote. Rosen is running for a second term.[6]

New Jersey

Three-term Democrat Bob Menendez was re-elected in 2018 with 54.0% of the vote. On July 13, 2021, The New Jersey Globe stated that Menendez plans to run for a fourth term.[12]

New Mexico

Two-term Democrat Martin Heinrich was re-elected in 2018 with 54.1% of the vote. Heinrich has announced his intent to run for a third term.[6]

New York

Two-term Democrat Kirsten Gillibrand was re-elected in 2018 with 67.0% of the vote. Gillibrand is running for a third full term.[6]

North Dakota

One-term Republican Kevin Cramer was elected in 2018 with 55.1% of the vote.

Democrat Kristin Hedger, a businesswoman and nominee for North Dakota Secretary of State in 2006 has filed paperwork to run for this seat.[29]

Ohio

Three-term Democrat Sherrod Brown was re-elected in 2018 with 53.4% of the vote. Brown is running for a fourth term.[13]

Republican Ohio Secretary of State Frank LaRose is considered a potential challenger to Brown.[30]

Pennsylvania

Three-term Democrat Bob Casey, Jr., was re-elected in 2018 with 55.7% of the vote. Casey has announced his intention to run for a fourth term.[6]

Republican businessman and candidate for U.S. Senate in 2022 David McCormick has expressed interest in challenging Casey.[31]

Rhode Island

Three-term Democrat Sheldon Whitehouse was re-elected in 2018 with 61.4% of the vote.

Tennessee

One-term Republican Marsha Blackburn was elected in 2018 with 54.7% of the vote.

Texas

Two-term Republican Ted Cruz was re-elected in 2018 with 50.9% of the vote. Cruz has expressed interest in running for president in 2024.[32] He has also long advocated for congressional term limits.[33]

Former U.S. representative Will Hurd has expressed interest in a primary challenge against Cruz.[34]

Democratic U.S. Representative Joaquin Castro and his twin brother Julian Castro, former San Antonio Mayor, former United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and 2020 presidential candidate, are considered potential frontrunners for the Democratic nomination.[35]

Utah

One-term Republican Mitt Romney was elected in 2018 with 62.6% of the vote. Romney has expressed uncertainty over his political future following his votes to convict Trump on impeachment.[36] Utah attorney general Sean Reyes has expressed interest in challenging Romney in the Republican primary.[37]

Former U.S. Representative Jason Chaffetz is also seen as a potential primary challenger.[36]

Vermont

Three-term independent Bernie Sanders was re-elected in 2018 with 67.4% of the vote.

Potential Democratic candidates include former Vermont attorney general, T. J. Donovan,[38] and former Vermont lieutenant governor, David Zuckerman,[39] a Progressive.[40]

Virginia

Two-term Democrat Tim Kaine was re-elected in 2018 with 57.0% of the vote. Republican Governor Glenn Youngkin is term-limited in 2025 and may run against Kaine.[41]

Washington

Four-term Democrat Maria Cantwell was re-elected in 2018 with 58.3% of the vote. She has announced her intent to run for a fifth term.[6]

West Virginia

Two-term Democrat Joe Manchin was re-elected in 2018 with 49.6% of the vote. There have been reports that Manchin plans to run for a third full term.[42] However, on October 5, 2022, Manchin said, "What I do in 2024 has nothing to do with what I do right now," and is watching the 2022 elections before making a decision.[6]

Republican congressman Alex Mooney has announced he is challenging Manchin, while governor Jim Justice and attorney general Patrick Morrisey have publicly expressed interest in entering the race.[15]

Manchin has received cross-party endorsements from fellow senators Susan Collins (R-ME) and Lisa Murkowski (R-AK).[43]

Wisconsin

Two-term Democrat Tammy Baldwin was re-elected in 2018 with 55.4% of the vote. She has announced her intention to run for a third term.[6]

Wyoming

Two-term Republican John Barrasso was re-elected in 2018 with 67.0% of the vote.

Notes

  1. ^ Incumbent Ben Sasse is reported to be resigning his seat in early January 2023. An interim senator will be appointed by the governor of Nebraska before a special election is held to fill the remainder of the term.
  2. ^ Against fellow Democrat

References

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  2. ^ a b c Everett, Burgess; Levine, Marianne (October 5, 2022). "Sasse expected to resign from Senate". Politico.
  3. ^ Everett, Burgess (October 5, 2022). "Senate Dems face brutal 2024 map with at least eight undecided incumbents". Politico.
  4. ^ "Georgia's Runoff is the Opening Battle of the 2024 Senate Cycle". Sabato's Crystal Ball. Retrieved November 17, 2022.
  5. ^ "Long Beach RWF to welcome future Senate candidate Denice Gary Pandol to June 11 breakfast meeting". May 16, 2022. Retrieved November 18, 2022.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Everett, Burgess. "Senate Dems face brutal 2024 map with at least eight undecided incumbents". Politico. Retrieved October 5, 2022.
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  8. ^ a b Thompson, Alex (May 8, 2021). "Warren says she will run for reelection in 2024". Politico.
  9. ^ a b "Stabenow plans to run for fifth term in 2024". The Livingston Post. MIRS News. August 23, 2022.
  10. ^ a b Walton, Don (September 7, 2021). "Fischer says she'll seek third Senate term in 2024". JournalStar.com. Retrieved November 17, 2022.
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  15. ^ a b Hauf, Patrick (November 15, 2022). "Joe Manchin gets a GOP challenger for his West Virginia Senate seat". Fox News.
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  26. ^ Lemongello, Steven (May 24, 2021). "Stephanie Murphy will not run for Senate against Val Demings, Marco Rubio". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved June 20, 2021.
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  28. ^ Mal Leary (October 24, 2018). "'Maybe I Am In The Right Spot' — Angus King Carves Out Middle Ground Between Senate Challengers". Maine Public Radio.
  29. ^ "Kristin Hedger FEC Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). September 3, 2021. Retrieved July 7, 2022.
  30. ^ Provance, Jim (May 3, 2022). "LaRose cruises to GOP nomination for secretary of state". Toledo Blade.
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  32. ^ Seddiq, Oma (July 2, 2021). "Ted Cruz mulls 2024 presidential bid, says his 2016 campaign 'was the most fun I've ever had in my life'". Insider Inc.
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  38. ^ Davis, Eric (October 24, 2019). "Vermont elections may lack drama". Addison County Independent. Retrieved October 25, 2020.
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  41. ^ Va. Gov. Glenn Youngkin: "I have my eyes on 2024" | Spicer and Co., May 26, 2022, retrieved June 11, 2022
  42. ^ Schwartz, Brian (October 12, 2021). "Billionaire Peltz draws GOP megadonors to $5,000-a-plate fundraiser for Democrat Sen. Joe Manchin". CNBC. Over a lunch choice of chicken or fish, Manchin told the crowd of donors that he plans to run for reelection in 2024...
  43. ^ Everett, Burgess (July 26, 2021). "Manchin weighs another term as his influence peaks". politico.