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Anna Jagiellon

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For Anna Jagiellon (1503–1547), Queen of Bohemia and Hungary, see Anna of Bohemia and Hungary.
Anna Jagiellon
King Anna in coronation robes on a 1576 painting by Martin Kober, oil on canvas
King of Poland & Grand Duke of Lithuania
Reign15 December 1575 – 1586
Coronation1 May 1576 in Krakow
PredecessorHenry
SuccessorInterrex 1586–1587
Sigismund III Vasa 1587
Born(1523-10-18)18 October 1523
Kraków, Poland
Died9 September 1596(1596-09-09) (aged 72)
Warsaw, Poland
Burial
Wawel Cathedral
SpouseStephen Báthory
DynastyJagiellon
FatherSigismund I the Old
MotherBona Sforza
SignatureAnna Jagiellon's signature

Anna Jagiellon (Polish: Anna Jagiellonka, Lithuanian: Ona Jogailaitė; 1523–1596) was queen of Poland from 1575 to 1586. She was the daughter of Poland's King Sigismund I the Old, and the wife of Stephen Báthory. She was elected, along with her then fiance, Báthory, as co-ruler in the second election of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Anna was the last member of the Jagiellon dynasty.

Royal titles

  • Royal titles, in Latin: Anna Dei Gratia Infans Regni Poloniae.[1][2]

Biography

Anna was born in 1523 to the Jagiellon King, Sigismund I the Old and his wife Bona Sforza.[4] Her early life was rather mundane. She embroidered church vestments, was involved in works of charity, and fulfilled her obligations as a princess. Anna gave up her suitor the King of Sweden in favour of her sister Katherine. Anna remained unmarried until the age of fifty-two. Thirty-three years at the side of her overbearing mother had taught her not only patience and calmness, but also the conviction that a woman could be as good a monarch as a man.[4]

However, in 1572, her brother Sigismund II Augustus died, leaving the thrones to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth vacant.[4] In 1572 Jean Montluc, Bishop of Valence, offered the French prince Henry to the electors of the commonwealth as the next King. Montluc promised the electors that Henry would marry Anna, "to maintain the dynastic tradition".[5] Unfortunately, for Anna, after Henry was elected as the first monarch in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, he withdrew his promise and they never wed.[4] In June 1574 Henry left Poland to assume his new duties as King of France and by May 1575 the Parliament of the Commonwealth had removed him as their monarch.[6]

By the autumn of 1575 a new candidate was offered to the electors of the commonwealth, Stephen Báthory, Prince of Transylvania.[7] Stephen had to agree to the condition that he would marry Anna Jagiellon, which he did.[4][7] On 15 December 1575, near Warsaw, Anna along with Stephen Báthory, her fiance, was elected as co-rulers, as the second monarch in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth with the dual title of King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania[7] The coronation took place in Krakow 1 May 1576.[8]

With the death of her husband in 1586, she had one final play to influence the thrones of the Commonwealth. She put forth, to the electors, Sigismund III Vasa, the only son of her youngest sister, Catherine Jagellon of Poland, Queen of Sweden.[4] With Anna's help he gained the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth thrones as the third elected monarch.[4]

Anna died, during her nephew Sigismund's reign, in her own country, where she had been born and had lived, on 9 September 1596.[4] She was the last member of the Jagiellons.[4]

Warsaw was Anna's main residence before it became the capital and she embellished the city by funding the construction of a variety of structures, many of which still exist today. She also funded several distinguished tomb monuments in the Wawel Cathedral, including the monument of her brother King Sigismund Augustus and her own monument in Sigismund's Chapel (both 1574–1575, Santi Gucci) and her husband Stephen Báthory in the Chapel of the Blessed Virgin Mary (1586, Santi Gucci) as well as the tomb of mother Bona Sforza in the Basilica di San Nicola in Bari (1593). In 1586 (ten years after it was painted) she ordered that a portrait of her in coronation robes be placed in the Sigismund's Chapel.[9]

Ancestry

Family of Anna Jagiellon
16. Algirdas of Lithuania
8. Władysław II Jagiełło, King of Poland
17. Uliana Alexandrovna of Tver
4. Casimir IV Jagiellon, King of Poland
18. Andrew Ivanovich, Prince of Halshany
9. Sophia of Halshany
19. Alexandra Dimitrijewna of Drutsk
2. Sigismund I the Old
20. Albert IV, Duke of Austria
10. Albert II of Germany
21. Johanna Sophia of Bavaria
5. Elizabeth of Austria
22. Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
11. Elisabeth of Bohemia
23. Barbara of Celje
1. Anna Jagellon
24. Francesco I Sforza =30
12. Galeazzo Maria Sforza
25. Bianca Maria Visconti =31
6. Gian Galeazzo Sforza
26. Louis, Duke of Savoy
13. Bona of Savoy
27. Anne of Cyprus
3. Bona Sforza
28. Ferdinand I of Naples
14. Alfonso II of Naples
29. Isabella of Taranto
7. Isabella of Naples
30. Francesco I Sforza =24
15. Ippolita Maria Sforza
31. Bianca Maria Visconti =25

Gallery

References

  1. ^ Template:Pl icon Paweł Jasienica (1984). Ostatnia z rodu. Czytelnik. p. 161. ISBN 83-07-00697-X. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |chapterurl= and |coauthors= (help)
  2. ^ In der Zeit des zweiten Interregnums trug sie den Titel „Anna Dei Gratia Infans Regni Poloniae". Template:De icon Marina Dmitrieva, Karen Lambrecht (2000). Krakau, Prag und Wien: Funktionen von Metropolen im frühmodernen Staat. Franz Steiner Verlag. p. 70. ISBN 3-515-07792-8. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |chapterurl= and |coauthors= (help)
  3. ^ Przybrała wtedy, na wzór hiszpański, tytuł infantki (Assumed then the Spanish title of Infanta). Template:Pl icon Ewa Letkiewicz (2006). Klejnoty w Polsce: Czasy ostatnich Jagiellonów i Wazów. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. p. 417. ISBN 83-227-2599-X. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |chapterurl= and |coauthors= (help)
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Anna Jagiellonka (1523–1596)". Government of Poland. Retrieved 2009-08-24. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  5. ^ Stone, Daniel (2001). The Polish-Lithuanian state, 1386-1795 [A History of East Central Europe, Volume IV.] Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 118. ISBN 0-295-98093-1. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |chapterurl= and |coauthors= (help)
  6. ^ Stone, Daniel (2001). The Polish-Lithuanian state, 1386-1795 [A History of East Central Europe, Volume IV.] Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 121. ISBN 0-295-98093-1. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |chapterurl= and |coauthors= (help)
  7. ^ a b c Stone, Daniel (2001). The Polish-Lithuanian state, 1386-1795 [A History of East Central Europe, Volume IV.] Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 122. ISBN 0-295-98093-1. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |chapterurl= and |coauthors= (help)
  8. ^ Stone, Daniel (2001). The Polish-Lithuanian state, 1386-1795 [A History of East Central Europe, Volume IV.] Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 123. ISBN 0-295-98093-1. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |chapterurl= and |coauthors= (help)
  9. ^ WAWEL 1000-2000. Kultura artystyczna dworu królewskiego i katedry. Sala IV. Portrety rodowe. Template:Pl icon
  10. ^ Kaplica Zygmuntowska Template:Pl icon

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Anna Jagiellonka.


Anna Jagiellon
Born: 18 October 1523 Died: 9 September 1596
Regnal titles
Vacant
Title last held by
Henry 		King of Poland
Grand Duke of Lithuania
1575–1586
with Stephen 		Vacant
Title next held by
Sigismund III
Titles in pretence
Preceded by Brienne claim
1575–1596 		Succeeded by


Template:Persondata

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