Buick Special

Buick Special

Manufacturer	General Motors
Production	1936–1958 1961–1969
Class	Full-size (1936–1958) Mid-size (1961–1969)
Layout	FR layout

The Buick Special was an automobile produced by the Buick Motor Division of General Motors, Flint, Michigan (USA). It was usually Buick's lowest-priced model, starting out as a full-size car in 1936 and returning in 1961 (after a two-year hiatus) as a mid-size.

1936–1949

1936–1949

Model years	1936–1949
Body style	2-door coupe 2/4-door sedan 4-door station wagon (1941–42 only) 2/4-door convertible
Engine	233 cu in (3.8 L) OHV I8 248 cu in (4.1 L) OHV I8
Wheelbase	118–122 in (2,997–3,099 mm)
Related	Cadillac Series 60 Cadillac Series 61 LaSalle Series 50 Buick Century Oldsmobile Series L Oldsmobile Series 70 Pontiac Streamliner Torpedo Pontiac Streamliner

From 1936 to 1958, Buick's Special model range represented the marque's entry level full-size automobile. The '36 was a very successful year for Buick and also marked the first time of using names rather than the simple serial numbers which had been in use before. The Special continued to also be known as the 40-series, however. The first Specials rode on a 118 in (3.0 m) wheelbase, but for the next model year this was increased to 122 in (3.10 m) as all Buicks grew for that year. The engine was also new, and was now of 248 cu in (4.1 L) rather than 233 cu in (3.8 L). The Special (and all other Buicks as well) underwent a full restyling for 1939, with a more enclosed nose and a wider grille. The wheelbase was also two inches shorter. For 1940, there was the usual restyle and the wheelbase increased by an inch. This was also the only model year that a four-door convertible Special ("Sport Phaeton") was offered, although only 552 were built.

For 1941 the bodywork was again all new, with the front fenders now very closely integrated into the cars overall design. The Estate Wagon migrated from being a Super into the Special lineup. Also new was the 40-A series (the regular Special now being the 40-B), a version on a three inches shorter wheelbase which shared its body with the 1941 Chevrolet. These two series, with a restyle reminiscent of the 1939 Y-Job, continued into the abbreviated 1942 model year. Production ended on 4 February 1942. For 1946 only the larger Special range remained available, still using the prewar B-body. The '46 Special is rare, representing less than 2% of Buick's production that year. The Special continued with minor changes until the prewar body was finally replaced halfway through the 1949 model year. Post-war Specials were only available as a four-door sedan or a two-door "sedanet", until the new 1949 models arrived.

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  1937 Buick Special coupe

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  1938 Buick Special

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  1939 Buick Special coupe

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  1941 Buick Special Estate

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  1946 Buick Special

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  1948 Buick Special

1949–1958

1949–1958

Model years	1949–1958
Body style	2-door coupe 2/4-door sedan 4-door station wagon 2-door convertible
Engine	248 cu in (4.1 L) OHV I8 263.3 cu in (4.3 L) Fireball OHV I8 264 cu in (4.3 L) Nailhead OHV V8 322 cu in (5.3 L) Nailhead OHV V8 364 cu in (6.0 L) Nailhead OHV V8
Wheelbase	121.5 in (3,086 mm) (1949–1953) 122 in (3,099 mm) (1954–1958)

Halfway into the 1949 model year, the Specials received all-new bodywork, the first fully postwar design for the series. New was also the 40D-series, a better equipped version called the Special DeLuxe. The engine remained the 248 cu in (4.1 L) which had been used since 1937, but for 1951 this was replaced by the larger "Fireball" straight-eight. A two-door hardtop coupe was also new for 1951. The 1954 Specials had an all-new body and chassis, much wider and lower, and were now equipped with the all-new, more powerful "Nailhead" V8 engines.

Introduced in the middle of the 1955 model year the four-door Buick Special Riviera (along with the Century Riviera, the Oldsmobile 98 Holiday, and the 88 Holiday) were the first four-door pillarless hardtops ever produced. By then, the Buick Special was one of America's best selling automotive series. For 1956 the larger 322 cu in (5.3 L) V8 engine was shared with the rest of the range, although it was replaced by the bigger, 250 hp (186 kW) 364 V8 for 1957. This year also brought all-new bodywork, as well as a four-door hardtop station wagon called the Buick Caballero. The 1957 wheelbase remained 122 inches. In the June, 1957 issue of Popular Mechanics, the Special was rated with a 0-60 mph time of 11.6 seconds, fuel economy of 17.4 mpg_-US (13.5 L/100 km; 20.9 mpg_-imp) at 50 mph (80 km/h), and ground clearance of 6.9 in (175 mm). 1958 brought the most chrome yet and twin headlights, as the car grew longer and wider, albeit on an unchanged chassis.

1949-1957 Buick Specials had three VentiPorts while more senior Buicks, with the exception of the Buick Super (which switched from three to four in 1955), had four. GM renamed the Buick Special the LeSabre for the 1959 model year, taking the name from the 1951 Le Sabre concept car.

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  1950 Buick Special

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  1951 Buick Special coupe

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  1952 Buick Special DeLuxe

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  1953 Buick Special Riviera coupe

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  1954 Buick Special Riviera coupe

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  1955 Buick Special convertible

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  1955 Buick Special Seden

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  1955 Buick Special Estate

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  1956 Buick Special Riviera sedan

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  1957 Buick Special Riviera coupe

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  1958 Buick Special convertible

1961–1963

1961–1963

Production	1961–1963
Assembly	Flint, Michigan, United States Framingham, Massachusetts, United States
Body style	2-door coupe 2/4-door sedan 4-door station wagon 2-door convertible
Platform	Y-body
Engine	198 cu in (3.2 L) Fireball V6 215 cu in (3.5 L) Buick 215 V8
Transmission	3/4-speed manual 2-speed automatic

In 1961, the car returned after a short absence of two years, but this time it was on the brand new unibody compact GM Y platform. The Special was powered by a 150 hp (112 kW) innovative aluminum-block 215 in³ V8, and had Dynaflow transmission and power steering. In mid-year a Skylark option was released with special trim, optional bucket seats and a four-barrel version of the 215 that made 200 hp (149 kW).

In 1962, the Special was the first American car to use a V6 engine in volume production; it earned Motor Trend's Car of the Year for 1962. This 198 cid Fireball was engineered down from the 215 and used many of the same design parameters, but was cast in iron. Output was 135 hp (gross) at 4600 rpm and 205 lb·ft (278 N·m) at 2400 rpm. In their test that year, Road & Track was impressed with Buick's "practical" new V6, saying it "sounds and performs exactly like the aluminum V8 in most respects." In 1963, the Special's body was restyled. Mechanically, however, the car was identical to the 1962 model. There was also some minor interior restyling, particularly to the dash and instrument cluster. The 1963 Special was available as a 2-door pillared hardtop coupe, a four dour sedan, a convertible, and a station wagon. Engine choices were a standard 198 cu in (3.2 l) V6 with a twin-barrel carburetor and optional 215 cu in (3.5 l) V8 with 155 hp (116 kW) (two-barrel) or more powerful four-barrel (190 hp (140 kW) in 1962, 200 hp (150 kW) in 1963). Transmission choices were a 'three on the tree' manual transmission, a floor shift Borg-Warner T-10 four-speed manual, or a two-speed Turbine Drive automatic. The two speed "Dual Path Turbine Drive" automatic was a Buick design and shared no common parts with the better known Chevrolet Power-Glide transmission.

The 1962 model sold 153,763, including 42,973 Skylarks.

The 1963 body was only produced for one year; it sold 148,750 copies, including 42,321 Skylarks. The entire car was redesigned for 1964. After that, the 215 found its way into the Rover P6 3500S in 1968, but was never sold in North America in any great numbers. It was also employed in other British cars, including the Morgan Plus 8, MG MGB GTV8, Land Rover, and Triumph TR8, as well as retrofits into MGAs and MGBs.

The Skylark became a separate series for 1962.

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  1962 Buick Special DeLuxe sedan

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  1963 Buick Special convertible

1964–1969

1964–1969

Production	1964–1969
Assembly	Flint, Michigan, United States Framingham, Massachusetts, United States
Body style	2-door hardtop coupe 2-door coupe 2-door convertible 4-door station wagon 4-door sedan
Platform	A-body
Engine	225 cu in (3.7 L) V6 250 cu in (4.1 L) Inline 6 300 cu in (4.9 L) V8 340 cu in (5.6 L) V8
Transmission	4-speed manual 2-speed automatic 3-speed manual
Wheelbase	115 in (2,921 mm)

The Special, along with the upscale Skylark, were redesigned for the 1964 model year with separate body-on-frame construction—renamed the A-body—and marketed as an intermediate-sized car. The Skylark was expanded to a full top-line series that now included two- and four-door sedans, two-door hardtop coupe and convertible, along with a station wagon. The other series models included the base Special and the slightly fancier Special Deluxe.

Also new for 1964 were engines. The capacity of the V6 engine was increased from 198 to 225 cubic inches, while the aluminum V8 was replaced by a new cast iron-block 300 cubic inch V8 with aluminum cylinder heads. This engine, produced until 1967, was based on the aluminum V8, and many parts (such as the cylinder heads) were interchangeable.

The Special nameplate was used on lower-priced intermediate-sized Buicks through the 1969 model year.

In 1968 and 1969, the Buick Special was dropped and only Special Deluxes were manufactured.

In 1970, the end of the Special came about when the Special Deluxe was dropped too in favor of the slightly upscale Buick Skylark.

1975

1977 Buick Special

The Special returned briefly to the GM A platform as an entry level subseries of the Buick Century as the Buick Century Special. Century Specials were usually powered by Buick's own 231 V6; a V8 (from either Buick, Olds, or Chevrolet) was rarely optioned. It used the "fastback" roofline but was fitted with a landau roof that covered most of the rear quarter windows. The opening that was left was the same shape as the windows on the higher series formal-roof cars.