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Glutathione peroxidase 3

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GPX3
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesGPX3, GPx-P, GSHPx-3, GSHPx-P, glutathione peroxidase 3
External IDsOMIM: 138321; MGI: 105102; HomoloGene: 20480; GeneCards: GPX3; OMA:GPX3 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_002084
NM_001329790

NM_001083929
NM_008161
NM_001329860

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001316719
NP_002075

NP_001316789
NP_032187

Location (UCSC)Chr 5: 151.02 – 151.03 MbChr 11: 54.79 – 54.8 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx-3), also known as plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx-P) or extracellular glutathione peroxidase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GPX3 gene.[5][6][7]

GPx-3 belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family, which functions in the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide. It contains a selenocysteine (Sec) residue at its active site. The selenocysteine is encoded by the UGA codon, which normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTR of Sec-containing genes have a common stem-loop structure, the sec insertion sequence (SECIS), which is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon rather than as a stop signal.[5]

Thiol specificity

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GPx-3 has a wide thiol specificity. The sources of reducing power for GPx-3 in vitro include GSH, cysteine, mercaptoethanol, and dithiothreitol.[8] There is an evidence of effectiveness of homocysteine in reduction of GPx-3: GSH can be completely replaced by reduced homocysteine in vitro.[9][10]

Changes during ontogeny

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In the rat blood plasma, the GPx-3 activity is low during the first two weeks after birth and rapidly increasing during transition from milk nutrition to solid food. Aging is accompanied by decrease in GPx-3 activity: in the blood plasma of rats it occurs around 23-26 months of age.[10]

References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000211445Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000018339Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: glutathione peroxidase 3 (plasma)".
  6. ^ Takahashi K, Avissar N, Whitin J, Cohen H (August 1987). "Purification and characterization of human plasma glutathione peroxidase: a selenoglycoprotein distinct from the known cellular enzyme". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 256 (2): 677–86. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(87)90624-2. PMID 3619451.
  7. ^ Chu FF (1994). "The human glutathione peroxidase genes GPX2, GPX3, and GPX4 map to chromosomes 14, 5, and 19, respectively". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 66 (2): 96–8. doi:10.1159/000133675. PMID 8287691.
  8. ^ Takebe G, Yarimizu J, Saito Y, Hayashi T, Nakamura H, Yodoi J, et al. (October 2002). "A comparative study on the hydroperoxide and thiol specificity of the glutathione peroxidase family and selenoprotein P". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (43): 41254–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M202773200. PMID 12185074.
  9. ^ Razygraev AV, Taborskaya KI, Petrosyan MA, Tumasova Z (May 2016). "[Thiol peroxidase activities in rat blood plasma determined with hydrogen peroxide and 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)]". Biomeditsinskaia Khimiia. 62 (4): 431–8. doi:10.18097/PBMC20166204431. PMID 27562997.
  10. ^ a b Razygraev AV, Petrosyan MA, Tumasova ZN, Taborskaya KI, Polyanskikh LS, Baziian EV, et al. (2019). "Changes in the Activity of Glutathione Peroxidase in the Blood Plasma and Serum of Rats during Postnatal Development and Aging". Advances in Gerontology. 9 (3): 283–288. doi:10.1134/s2079057019030147. S2CID 202570586.

Further reading

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  • Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P22352 (Glutathione peroxidase 3) at the PDBe-KB.