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Gopi

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For other uses, see Gopi (disambiguation).
Gopis
Painting of Krishna with Gopis in the forest of Braj
Other namesKrishnasakhi, Krishnapreyasi
Devanagariगोपी
Sanskrit transliterationGopi
Venerated inRadha Vallabh Sampradaya, Nimbarka Sampradaya, Gaudiya Vaishnavism, Pushtimarg
AffiliationAvatar of Radha,[1] Krishnaism, Vaishnavism
AbodeGoloka, Vrindavan, Barsana
TextsBrahma Vaivarta Purana, Garga Samhita, Gita Govinda, Bhagavata Purana, Thiruppavai
GenderFemale
RegionBraj region
TempleAshtasakhi Temple in Vrindavan
FestivalsSharad Purnima, Kartik Purnima, Holi, Lathmar Holi
Genealogy
Born
Braj
ConsortKrishna
Part of a series on
Vaishnavism
Closeup of Vishnu, seated in the lotus position on a lotus. From depiction of the poet Jayadeva bowing to Vishnu, Gouache on paper Pahari, The very picture of devotion, bare-bodied, head bowed, legs crossed and hands folded, Jayadeva stands at left, with the implements of worship placed before the lotus-seat of Vishnu who sits there, blessing the poet.
Supreme deity
Vishnu / Krishna / Rama
Important deities
Dashavatara
Other forms
Consorts
Related
Holy scriptures
Puranas
Sampradayas
Others
Teachers—acharyas
Related traditions

Gopi (Template:Lang-sa, IAST: Gopi) or Gopika in Hinduism are worshipped as the consorts and devotees of Krishna within the Vaishnavism and Krishnaism traditions for their unconditional love and devotion (Bhakti) to god Krishna as described in the Sanskrit scriptures like Bhagavata Purana and other Puranic literature.[2] Gopis are often considered as the expansion of goddess Radha, the chief consort of Krishna.[3] The Raslila of gopis with Krishna has inspired various traditional performance art forms and literatures.[4]

According to Indian philosopher, Jiva Goswami, gopis are considered as the eternal beloved and manifestation of the internal spiritual potency of Krishna. Among the gopis, Radha is the chief gopi and is the personification of bliss potency (hladini shakti) of Krishna.[5] She alone manifest the stage of "Mahabhav" or supreme love for Krishna and holds a place of particularly high reverence and importance in a number of religious traditions.[6]

Etymology

Gopi (गोपी) is a Sanskrit word originating from the word Gopa. In Hinduism, the name Gopika (feminine form of Gopi) is especially used to refer the milkmaids of Braj region.[7]

Prominent gopis

The prominent gopis of Vrindavan are total 108 in numbers. They share the eternal intimate friendship with Radha Krishna. No one can equal or exceed the love they bear for the divine couple.[8] Out of 108 gopis, the primary eight gopis are considered as the foremost of Krishna's devotees after goddess Radharani who is considered as the chief of gopis. Their names are as follows:[9]

  • Radha (Chief gopi, Krishna's favourite)
  • Lalita
  • Vishakha
  • Champakalata
  • Chitra
  • Tungavidya
  • Indulekha
  • Rangadevi
  • Sudevi

All the eight primary gopis are together called as the Ashtasakhis (eight friends) of Radha and Krishna.

Unconditional love

Radha Krishna with gopis

According to Hindu Vaishnava theology, the stories concerning the gopis are said to exemplify Suddha-bhakti which is described as 'the highest form of unconditional love for God (Krishna). Their spontaneous and unwavering devotion is described in depth in the later chapters of the Bhagavata Purana, within Krishna's Vrindavan pastimes and also in the stories of the sage Uddhava.[9]

  • Gopika Radha with Gopal Krishna, a 1915 painting
    Gopika Radha with Gopal Krishna, a 1915 painting
  • Krishna and Gopis, 18th century watercolour in the Bodleian Library
    Krishna and Gopis, 18th century watercolour in the Bodleian Library
  • 19th century Rajasthan painting depicting Krishna and Gopis
    19th century Rajasthan painting depicting Krishna and Gopis
  • 1610 painting of Krishna stealing clothes of Gopis
    1610 painting of Krishna stealing clothes of Gopis
  • Raslila of Krishna with Radha and gopis
    Raslila of Krishna with Radha and gopis
  • Gopi Talab dedicated to gopis in Dwarka
    Gopi Talab dedicated to gopis in Dwarka

See also

References

  1. ^ Phyllis G. Jestice (2004). Holy People of the World: A Cross-cultural Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 316–317. ISBN 1576073556.
  2. ^ Walters, Holly (2016-12-01). "Playing God: Participant Frameworks in the Ras Lilas of Krishna". The Journal of Religion and Popular Culture. 28 (2–3): 135–144. doi:10.3138/jrpc.28.2-3.3611. ISSN 1703-289X. S2CID 192161968.
  3. ^ Jestice, Phyllis G. (2004). Holy People of the World: A Cross-cultural Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 316–317. ISBN 978-1-57607-355-1.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  4. ^ Mohapatra, J. (2013). Wellness In Indian Festivals & Rituals. Partridge Publishing. p. 164. ISBN 978-1-4828-1690-7.
  5. ^ Mohanty, Prafulla Kumar (2003). "Mask and Creative Symbolisation in Contemporary Oriya Literature : Krishna, Radha and Ahalya". Indian Literature. 47 (2 (214)): 181–189. ISSN 0019-5804. JSTOR 23341400.
  6. ^ Francis Bryant, Edwin (2007). Krishna: A Sourcebook. United States of America: Oxford University Press. p. 382. ISBN 978-019-514891-6.
  7. ^ Walters, Holly (2016-12-01). "Playing God: Participant Frameworks in the Ras Lilas of Krishna". The Journal of Religion and Popular Culture. 28 (2–3): 135–144. doi:10.3138/jrpc.28.2-3.3611. ISSN 1703-289X. S2CID 192161968.
  8. ^ "Gopis".
  9. ^ a b Ph.D, Lavanya Vemsani (2016-06-13). Krishna in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Hindu Lord of Many Names: An Encyclopedia of the Hindu Lord of Many Names. United States of America: ABC-CLIO. pp. 107–108. ISBN 978-1-61069-211-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
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