Isotopes of gold
Appearance
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Standard atomic weight Ar°(Au) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Gold (79Au) has one stable isotope, 197Au, and 36 radioisotopes, with 195Au being the most stable with a half-life of 186 days. Gold is currently considered the heaviest monoisotopic element (bismuth formerly held that distinction in the belief that the isotope, bismuth-209, was stable; however it is now known to be slightly radioactive).
List of isotopes
Nuclide [n 1] |
Z | N | Isotopic mass (Da) [n 2][n 3] |
Half-life [n 4] |
Decay mode [n 5] |
Daughter isotope [n 6][n 7] |
Spin and parity [n 8][n 4] |
Isotopic abundance | |||||||||||
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Excitation energy[n 4] | |||||||||||||||||||
169Au | 79 | 90 | 168.99808(32)# | 150# μs | 1/2+# | ||||||||||||||
170Au | 79 | 91 | 169.99612(22)# | 310(50) μs [286(+50−40) μs] |
(2−) | ||||||||||||||
170mAu | 275(14) keV | 630(60) μs [0.62(+6−5) ms] |
(9+) | ||||||||||||||||
171Au | 79 | 92 | 170.991879(28) | 30(5) μs | p | 170Pt | (1/2+) | ||||||||||||
α (rare) | 167Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
171mAu | 250(16) keV | 1.014(19) ms | α (54%) | 167Ir | 11/2− | ||||||||||||||
p (46%) | 170Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
172Au | 79 | 93 | 171.99004(17)# | 4.7(11) ms | α (98%) | 168Ir | high | ||||||||||||
p (2%) | 171Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
173Au | 79 | 94 | 172.986237(28) | 25(1) ms | α | 169Ir | (1/2+) | ||||||||||||
β+ (rare) | 173Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
173mAu | 214(23) keV | 14.0(9) ms | α (96%) | 169Ir | (11/2−) | ||||||||||||||
β+ (4%) | 173Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
174Au | 79 | 95 | 173.98476(11)# | 139(3) ms | α | 170Ir | low | ||||||||||||
β+ (rare) | 174Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
174mAu | 360(70)# keV | 171(29) ms | high | ||||||||||||||||
175Au | 79 | 96 | 174.98127(5) | 100# ms | α (82%) | 171Ir | 1/2+# | ||||||||||||
β+ (18%) | 175Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
175mAu | 200(30)# keV | 156(3) ms | α | 171Ir | 11/2−# | ||||||||||||||
β+ | 175Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
176Au | 79 | 97 | 175.98010(11)# | 1.08(17) s [0.84(+17−14) s] |
α (60%) | 172Ir | (5−) | ||||||||||||
β+ (40%) | 176Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
176mAu | 150(100)# keV | 860(160) ms | (7+) | ||||||||||||||||
177Au | 79 | 98 | 176.976865(14) | 1.462(32) s | β+ (60%) | 177Pt | (1/2+, 3/2+) | ||||||||||||
α (40%) | 173Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
177mAu | 216(26) keV | 1.180(12) s | 11/2− | ||||||||||||||||
178Au | 79 | 99 | 177.97603(6) | 2.6(5) s | β+ (60%) | 178Pt | |||||||||||||
α (40%) | 174Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
179Au | 79 | 100 | 178.973213(18) | 7.1(3) s | β+ (78%) | 179Pt | 5/2−# | ||||||||||||
α (22%) | 175Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
179mAu | 99(16) keV | (11/2−) | |||||||||||||||||
180Au | 79 | 101 | 179.972521(23) | 8.1(3) s | β+ (98.2%) | 180Pt | |||||||||||||
α (1.8%) | 176Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
181Au | 79 | 102 | 180.970079(21) | 13.7(14) s | β+ (97.3%) | 181Pt | (3/2−) | ||||||||||||
α (2.7%) | 177Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
182Au | 79 | 103 | 181.969618(22) | 15.5(4) s | β+ (99.87%) | 182Pt | (2+) | ||||||||||||
α (.13%) | 178Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
183Au | 79 | 104 | 182.967593(11) | 42.8(10) s | β+ (99.2%) | 183Pt | (5/2)− | ||||||||||||
α (.8%) | 179Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
183m1Au | 73.3(4) keV | >1 μs | (1/2)+ | ||||||||||||||||
183m2Au | 230.6(6) keV | <1 μs | (11/2)− | ||||||||||||||||
184Au | 79 | 105 | 183.967452(24) | 20.6(9) s | β+ | 184Pt | 5+ | ||||||||||||
184mAu | 68.46(1) keV | 47.6(14) s | β+ (70%) | 184Pt | 2+ | ||||||||||||||
IT (30%) | 184Au | ||||||||||||||||||
α (.013%) | 180Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
185Au | 79 | 106 | 184.965789(28) | 4.25(6) min | β+ (99.74%) | 185Pt | 5/2− | ||||||||||||
α (.26%) | 181Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
185mAu | 100(100)# keV | 6.8(3) min | 1/2+# | ||||||||||||||||
186Au | 79 | 107 | 185.965953(23) | 10.7(5) min | β+ (99.9992%) | 186Pt | 3− | ||||||||||||
α (8×10−4%) | 182Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
186mAu | 227.77(7) keV | 110(10) ns | 2+ | ||||||||||||||||
187Au | 79 | 108 | 186.964568(27) | 8.4(3) min | β+ (99.997%) | 187Pt | 1/2+ | ||||||||||||
α (.003%) | 183Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
187mAu | 120.51(16) keV | 2.3(1) s | IT | 187Au | 9/2− | ||||||||||||||
188Au | 79 | 109 | 187.965324(22) | 8.84(6) min | β+ | 188Pt | 1(−) | ||||||||||||
189Au | 79 | 110 | 188.963948(22) | 28.7(3) min | β+ (99.9997%) | 189Pt | 1/2+ | ||||||||||||
α (3×10−4%) | 185Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
189m1Au | 247.23(16) keV | 4.59(11) min | β+ | 189Pt | 11/2− | ||||||||||||||
IT (rare) | 189Au | ||||||||||||||||||
189m2Au | 325.11(16) keV | 190(15) ns | 9/2− | ||||||||||||||||
189m3Au | 2554.7(12) keV | 242(10) ns | 31/2+ | ||||||||||||||||
190Au | 79 | 111 | 189.964700(17) | 42.8(10) min | β+ | 190Pt | 1− | ||||||||||||
α (10−6%) | 186Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
190mAu | 200(150)# keV | 125(20) ms | IT | 190Au | 11−# | ||||||||||||||
β+ (rare) | 190Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
191Au | 79 | 112 | 190.96370(4) | 3.18(8) h | β+ | 191Pt | 3/2+ | ||||||||||||
191m1Au | 266.2(5) keV | 920(110) ms | IT | 191Au | (11/2−) | ||||||||||||||
191m2Au | 2490(1) keV | >400 ns | |||||||||||||||||
192Au | 79 | 113 | 191.964813(17) | 4.94(9) h | β+ | 192Pt | 1− | ||||||||||||
192m1Au | 135.41(25) keV | 29 ms | IT | 192Au | (5#)+ | ||||||||||||||
192m2Au | 431.6(5) keV | 160(20) ms | (11−) | ||||||||||||||||
193Au | 79 | 114 | 192.964150(11) | 17.65(15) h | β+ (100%) | 193Pt | 3/2+ | ||||||||||||
α (10−5%) | 189Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
193m1Au | 290.19(3) keV | 3.9(3) s | IT (99.97%) | 193Au | 11/2− | ||||||||||||||
β+ (.03%) | 193Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
193m2Au | 2486.5(6) keV | 150(50) ns | (31/2+) | ||||||||||||||||
194Au | 79 | 115 | 193.965365(11) | 38.02(10) h | β+ | 194Pt | 1− | ||||||||||||
194m1Au | 107.4(5) keV | 600(8) ms | IT | 194Au | (5+) | ||||||||||||||
194m2Au | 475.8(6) keV | 420(10) ms | (11−) | ||||||||||||||||
195Au | 79 | 116 | 194.9650346(14) | 186.098(47) d | EC | 195Pt | 3/2+ | ||||||||||||
195mAu | 318.58(4) keV | 30.5(2) s | IT | 195Au | 11/2− | ||||||||||||||
196Au | 79 | 117 | 195.966570(3) | 6.1669(6) d | β+ (93.05%) | 196Pt | 2− | ||||||||||||
β− (6.95%) | 196Hg | ||||||||||||||||||
196m1Au | 84.660(20) keV | 8.1(2) s | IT | 196Au | 5+ | ||||||||||||||
196m2Au | 595.66(4) keV | 9.6(1) h | 12− | ||||||||||||||||
197Au[n 9] | 79 | 118 | 196.9665687(6) | Observationally Stable[n 10] | 3/2+ | 1.0000 | |||||||||||||
197mAu | 409.15(8) keV | 7.73(6) s | IT | 197Au | 11/2− | ||||||||||||||
198Au | 79 | 119 | 197.9682423(6) | 2.69517(21) d | β− | 198Hg | 2− | ||||||||||||
198m1Au | 312.2200(20) keV | 124(4) ns | 5+ | ||||||||||||||||
198m2Au | 811.7(15) keV | 2.27(2) d | IT | 198Au | (12−) | ||||||||||||||
199Au | 79 | 120 | 198.9687652(6) | 3.139(7) d | β− | 199Hg | 3/2+ | ||||||||||||
199mAu | 548.9368(21) keV | 440(30) μs | (11/2)− | ||||||||||||||||
200Au | 79 | 121 | 199.97073(5) | 48.4(3) min | β− | 200Hg | 1(−) | ||||||||||||
200mAu | 970(70) keV | 18.7(5) h | β− (82%) | 200Hg | 12− | ||||||||||||||
IT (18%) | 200Au | ||||||||||||||||||
201Au | 79 | 122 | 200.971657(3) | 26(1) min | β− | 201Hg | 3/2+ | ||||||||||||
201m1Au | 594(5) keV | 730(630) μs | (11/2-) | ||||||||||||||||
201m2Au | 1610(5) keV | 5.6(2.4) μs | (11/2-) | ||||||||||||||||
202Au | 79 | 123 | 201.97381(18) | 28.8(19) s | β− | 202Hg | (1−) | ||||||||||||
203Au | 79 | 124 | 202.975155(3) | 60(6) s | β− | 203Hg | 3/2+ | ||||||||||||
203mAu | 641(3) keV | 140(44) μs | IT | 203Au | 11/2−# | ||||||||||||||
204Au | 79 | 125 | 203.97772(22)# | 38.3(1.3) s | β− | 204Hg | (2−) | ||||||||||||
204mAu | 3816(1000)# keV | 2.1(0.3) μs | IT | 204Au | 16+# | ||||||||||||||
205Au | 79 | 126 | 204.97985(21)# | 32.5(1.4) s | β− | 205Hg | 3/2+# | ||||||||||||
205m1Au | 907(5) keV | 6(2) s | 11/2−# | ||||||||||||||||
205m2Au | 2850(5) keV | 163(5) ns | 19/2+# | ||||||||||||||||
206Au | 79 | 127 | 205.98474(32)# | 47(11) s | β− | 206Hg | (5+, 6+) | ||||||||||||
This table header & footer: |
- ^ mAu – Excited nuclear isomer.
- ^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
- ^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
- ^ a b c # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
- ^
Modes of decay:
EC: Electron capture IT: Isomeric transition
p: Proton emission - ^ Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
- ^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
- ^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
- ^ Potential material for salted bombs
- ^ Believed to undergo α decay to 193Ir
References
- ^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
- ^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Gold". CIAAW. 2017.
- ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
- Isotope masses from:
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
- "News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 October 2005.
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.