Jump to content

Killing of Nahel Merzouk

Coordinates: 48°53′55″N 2°13′17″E / 48.8985°N 2.2213°E / 48.8985; 2.2213
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Killing of Nahel Merzouk
Image of Merzouk distributed by his mother
Date27 June 2023
LocationNanterre, France
Coordinates48°53′55″N 2°13′17″E / 48.8985°N 2.2213°E / 48.8985; 2.2213
TypePolice shooting
OutcomeMass urban riots
DeathsNahel Merzouk
AccusedFlorian M.
ChargesVoluntary homicide by a person in authority

On 27 June 2023, Nahel Merzouk (25 February 2006 – 27 June 2023),[1] a 17-year-old French youth of Moroccan and Algerian descent,[2] was shot at point-blank range and killed by police officer Florian M., when he didn't comply with a request to turn off ignition and attempted to drive away in Nanterre, a suburb of Paris, France. Initial reporting on the incident (informed by police statements) was later contradicted by a video posted online, which led to widespread protests and riots. Symbols of the state such as town halls, schools, police stations, and other buildings were attacked.[3] The Interior Ministry reported that more than 5,000 vehicles had been set on fire, along with 10,000 garbage cans; nearly 1,000 buildings had been burnt, damaged or looted; 250 police stations and gendarmeries had been attacked; and more than 700 police officers had been injured.[4][5]

The killing—condemned by President Emmanuel Macron as "inexplicable" and "inexcusable"[6]—became part of a broader public debate regarding aggressive French law enforcement,[7] racial profiling,[8] immigration,[9] and the stakes of naming the suburban violence a "riot" rather than a "revolt".[10] On 28 June, the president of the National Assembly, Yaël Braun-Pivet, asked deputies "to respect a minute of silence in Nahel's memory".[11][12]

Background

[edit]
See also: Crime in France and Law enforcement in France
"Justice for Nahel, justice for all, the racist state kills, our revolts are legitimate!"
Poster for a demonstration in Marseille, following the police shooting

France saw a rise in police violence in France in the years before the killing.[13] In 2017, a law was passed permitting police to shoot at a vehicle fleeing a traffic stop, if the driver was putting the passengers or passersby at risk. This shooting was the third fatal shooting that occurred during a traffic stop in France in 2023. In 2020, there were three deaths, followed by two in 2021, and 13 in 2022,[14] leading to the indictment of five police officers.[15] The victims were often people of black or Maghrebi origin, leading to allegations of systemic racism within the French police.[16] In May 2023, national representatives at the United Nations Human Rights Council criticized the country's police force and urged the implementation of significant measures to address excessive use of force in demonstrations.[17] The French government has frequently downplayed instances of police violence, sometimes even avoiding the use of the term itself, while police unions opposed repealing or revising the 2017 law.[7]

On 19 July 2016, Adama Traoré, a 24-year-old black man, died while in custody after being restrained and apprehended by the police.[18] This incident sparked widespread public outcry and protests, which reignited in May 2020 when the officers involved were cleared of any wrongdoing.[19][15] On 14 June 2023, Alhoussein Camara, a 19-year-old, was killed during a road check in Angoulême. His body was repatriated to Conakry, Guinea, by his family and the Guinean authorities. While there, they appealed to France for justice to be served.[20]

Victim

[edit]

Nahel Merzouk (French pronunciation: [naɛl mɛʁzuk]; Arabic: نايل مرزوق) was a 17-year-old enrolled at the Lycée Louis-Blériot in Suresnes, where he attended classes for six months before dropping out and working as a pizza delivery driver in Nanterre.[21] He did not have a driving license allowing him to drive the rented Mercedes he died in.[22][23] According to a paramedic who knew him, his father left his mother before he was born.[24] According to his family's lawyers, Merzouk had no criminal record but the prosecutor confirmed he was "known to police",[5] particularly for resisting arrest, and had been charged with resisting arrest the previous weekend and five times since 2021.[25][26] According to information leaked to Europe 1,[27][28] his police file (TAJ) included 15 recorded incidents, including the use of false license plates and driving without insurance.[29]

Shooting

[edit]

Prosecution version

[edit]
A yellow Mercedes-Benz A-Class (W177), similar to the one driven by Merzouk
Nelson Mandela Square in Nanterre after the killing
Sign at Nelson Mandela Square: «Combien de Nahel n'ont pas été filmés ?!?» (How many Nahels have not been filmed?)

According to the public prosecutor of Nanterre, two Paris Police Prefecture motorcycle officers noticed a Mercedes-Benz A Class AMG with a Polish license plate driving at high speed in a bus lane, driven by a young-looking person at around 7:55 am. The officers activated their warning signals (audible and visual) and indicated to the driver of the car, then stationary at a red traffic light, to stop. The vehicle started moving and ran the red light. The officers followed the car and alerted their superiors via radio. The car committed multiple traffic violations, endangering a pedestrian and a cyclist.

Due to traffic congestion, the vehicle was eventually forced to stop. The police officers got off their motorcycles, pointed their guns at the driver, and ordered him to turn off the engine. Instead, the vehicle started to pull away, and one of the police officers, 38-year-old Florian M., working his ninth consecutive day without a day off, fired a shot at the driver at point-blank range. The vehicle continued forward before crashing into the street sign marking the Nelson Mandela Square[30][31] at 8:19 am. The rear passenger was arrested when he exited the vehicle. The front right passenger fled. Florian M. provided first aid to the driver, who was pronounced dead at 9:15 am.[32][33][34]

Police records indicate that Merzouk was known for previous incidents in which he failed to comply with traffic stops.[5] On the day of his death, it is alleged that he "disobeyed and committed several traffic offences, endangering the lives of a pedestrian and a cyclist", and refused to turn off the ignition. Police shot Merzouk when the Mercedes began moving forward after it had been stopped.[5][35][36]

The use of firearms by the police, during traffic controls in the event of failure to comply, is currently regulated by a law adopted in 2017.[37][38]

Authorities arrested Florian M. on suspicion of "voluntary homicide by a person in authority".[5] Police unions complained against the arrest. Minister of the Interior Gérald Darmanin said he would seek the dissolution of a small far-right union, Syndicat France Police, which welcomed the shooting of Merzouk.[39][40]

Police version challenged by a video

[edit]

According to the police, Florian M. fired his weapon as the young driver was about to run him over.[41] This version, citing self-defense, was challenged after the publication of a video showing that the car was not in a position to harm the police officers and was not heading towards them.[42][43][44] According to Le Monde, "the 50-second sequence, which has gone viral on social media, has literally swept away the language elements initially disseminated by police sources and repeated by some media." The video shows that the two police officers were on the driver's side of the Mercedes. The car was moving off when the officer fired the shot at point-blank range.[45]

Version from the third passenger

[edit]

On 30 June 2023, a third passenger aboard the Mercedes testified that Merzouk received several buttstrokes. According to them, the third buttstroke made Merzouk release the brake pedal, causing the car to move forward, given that the gearbox was automatic. According to BFM TV, this version differs from that put forward by the police, as according to the Prefect of Police of Paris Laurent Nuñez: "the driver had first turned off the engine, restarted the vehicle, then left. It was in this context that the police officer used his firearm."[46]

Investigation

[edit]

Florian M. is under investigation for manslaughter and was placed in custody for the charge of "voluntary homicide by a person in authority".[16][45] The police have maintained that the shooting was an act of self-defense, as they argue that Merzouk was driving towards the officer.[45] However, since the video was released, this claim has faced significant criticism.[15] Yassine Bouzrou, a lawyer representing Merzouk, has stated that the video completely disproves this assertion and alleges that the brigadier[a] had an "intention to kill".[15] Other lawyers representing Merzouk have made similar remarks.[47]

Two investigations have been initiated: "refusal to comply" against Merzouk, and "voluntary homicide by a person in authority" against Florian M. The latter investigation has been assigned to the General Inspectorate of the National Police (IGPN).[48][49]

Initial reactions

[edit]

French President Emmanuel Macron declared the incident "inexcusable and unforgivable", adding that it "moved the entire nation". Macron's statements were a rare critique of French law enforcement from government officials.[50][16] The BBC's Hugh Schofield attributed this to the effects of social media, allowing for the dissemination of such videos with ease, as well as fear stemming from the ensuing riots. Alliance Police nationale, the largest French police union, criticized Macron for "condemn[ing] our colleagues before justice has had the chance to speak".[51][52] Far-right politician Marine Le Pen, leader of the National Rally party, dubbed Macron's statements as "excessive" and "irresponsible", adding that "the president is prepared to ignore constitutional principles in a bid to put out a potential fire."[53] Left-wing politician and former La France Insoumise party leader Jean-Luc Mélenchon called for police reform. Éric Ciotti, party leader of the conservative party LR, expressed his support for the police, dubbing them defenders of collective security and denouncing the ensuing unrest as unjustified.[47]

French football player Kylian Mbappé took to Twitter to denounce the incident as "unacceptable" and sent condolences to Merzouk's family.[54] Mike Maignan, a footballer for AC Milan, stated on Twitter that "It's always for the same people that being in the wrong leads to death."[54] FC Barcelona footballer Jules Koundé criticized the coverage of the incident, stating that news media were capitalizing on it to "distort the truth" and find excuses to criminalize Merzouk. French actor and comedian Omar Sy sent condolences to the family.[55]

Merzouk's mother called for a "a revolt for my son" on TikTok.[15][16] Merzouk's grandmother stated that she lacked forgiveness for the police and government, stating "They killed my grandson, now I don't care about anyone, they took my grandson from me, I will never forgive them in my life, never, never, never."[56]

Le Parisien and BFM TV have been criticized for relaying the police's account without any caution in the early hours of the event, before changing their narrative in response to the video evidence and pressure from other media outlets.[42]

The Algerian Ministry of Foreign Affairs expressed its "shock and consternation the brutal and tragic disappearance of the young Nahel", adding that it trusted the French government to assume its duty of protection and security for Algerian nationals on French territory. The Moroccan press was critical of what it called Algerian interference in internal French domestic affairs and use of the crisis to political advantage.[57]

The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights asked France to address systemic racism within its police forces, and called for the protests to be peaceful.[58][59]

A fundraiser on GoFundMe for the officer's family was set up by the far-right politician Jean Messiha. When it closed on 4 July, it had raised €1,636,200, far greater than the €200,000 raised in support of Merzouk's family. the officer's family will receive €625,000 after taxation and platform fees.[60][61]

An article signed by more than one hundred personalities, including Angela Davis, Achille Mbembe, Thomas Piketty, Annie Ernaux, Eric Cantona, Judith Butler, Ken Loach, Adèle Haenel, Peter Gabriel, and Anne Teresa De Keersmaeker was published in L'Humanité, entitled "This time, everyone has seen" and calling for participation in the united march against police violence on July 15, 2023. They endorsed the demands of groups of families of victims and activist organizations.[62]

Polemics on immigration

[edit]

Céline Pina [fr], in an op-ed in Atlantico,[63] and Ivan Rioufol [fr], in an op-ed in Causeur[64] and during an appearance on CNews,[65] opined that the violence was related to immigration and Islam. The Minister of the Interior Gérald Darmanin, when asked by a senator from The Republicans to describe "in what way" the rioters were French, replied that "there were many Kevins and Mattéos among those arrested" and said that he thought any identity-based reading of the events would be a mistake. Darmanin repeated that the policeman who shot Merzouk during a traffic check "obviously did not respect the law".[66] The emphasis on immigration by LR was described by the magazine Marianne as part of a campaign strategy to attract Eric Zemmour and Marine Le Pen voters in upcoming elections.[67]

Unrest

[edit]
Main article: Nahel Merzouk riots
The White March demanding "justice for Nahel", Nanterre 29 June 2023

Public outcry and outrage over the shooting of Merzouk evolved into protests and riots (with some preferring the term "revolt").[10] In Nanterre, residents protested outside the police headquarters on 27 June, which escalated into rioting. Demonstrators set cars alight, trashed bus stops, and shot fireworks at police.[68] In Viry-Châtillon, just south of Paris, a group of youths reportedly set a bus ablaze.[7]

In Mantes-la-Jolie, a town 40 km northwest of Paris,[69] the town hall was set ablaze after being firebombed[70] on the night of 27 June, burning until 3:15 (CEST).[7] Clashes continued throughout the night across France, including in Toulouse and Lille.[7] Unrest was also reported in Asnières, Colombes, Suresnes, Aubervilliers, Clichy-sous-Bois and Mantes-la-Jolie.[55]

By 29 June, over 150 people had been arrested,[71] 24 officers had been injured, and 40 cars had been torched.[53][15] Fearing greater unrest, Darmanin deployed 1,200 riot police and gendarmes in and around Paris, later adding an additional 2,000.[15][7][53] On 29 June, he announced that the government would deploy 40,000 troops nationwide.[72] According to Darmanin, over 1,350 vehicles were set on fire, and over 1,300 arrests were made in connection with the riots.[73]

On the afternoon of June 29, thousands of people[74] held a white march led by mothers and activists in Nanterre demanding "justice for Nahel". The participants railed against what they perceived as a culture of police impunity and a failure to reform law enforcement in a country that has experienced waves of rioting and protests over police conduct.[75] A few hours later, the officer implicated in the killing, was indicted for intentional homicide and remanded in custody.[76]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Brigadier is a French police rank equivalent to sergeant.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "matchID - Moteur de recherche des décès". deces.matchid.io. Archived from the original on 13 July 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  2. ^ Porter, Catherine (29 June 2023). "Who is Nahel Merzouk?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 1 July 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  3. ^ "Death of Nahel M.: Over 1,300 arrested during Friday night riots". Le Monde. Associated Press & Agence France-Presse. 1 July 2023. Archived from the original on 1 July 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  4. ^ Albertini, Antoine; Bronner, Luc (3 July 2023). "Riots in France: The appalling toll of days and nights of looting, fires, assaults". Le Monde. Archived from the original on 5 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  5. ^ a b c d e Lough, Richard (29 June 2023). "Paris police shooting: why are there riots in France?". Reuters. Archived from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 25 July 2023. He was known to police for previous incidents in which he failed to comply with traffic stops, the local prosecutor Pascal Prache said.
  6. ^ M. I. (28 June 2023). "Mineur tué à Nanterre : Macron évoque un acte " inexplicable " et " inexcusable "" [Minor killed in Nanterre: Macron evokes an "inexplicable" and "inexcusable" act] (in French). Le Point. AFP. Archived from the original on 13 July 2023. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  7. ^ a b c d e f Breeden, Aurelien; Méheut, Constant (28 June 2023). "Protests and Sorrow After Fatal Police Traffic Encounter in France". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  8. ^ Porter, Catherine (2 July 2023). "A Fatal Shooting and a Hijab Ban: Two Faces of France's Racial Divisions". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 12 July 2023. Retrieved 15 July 2023. In 2017, an investigation by France's civil liberties ombudsman, the Défenseur des Droits, found that "young men perceived to be Black or Arab" were 20 times as likely to be subjected to police identity checks compared with the rest of the population.
  9. ^ Barbarit, Simon (11 July 2023). "Sécurité, immigration : le tournant identitaire de LR embarrasse la majorité sénatoriale". Public Sénat (in French). Archived from the original on 24 July 2023. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  10. ^ a b Lescarmontier, Julie (5 July 2023). "Mort de Nahel. Violences, révolte… Pourquoi l'expression " émeute " s'est imposée". Ouest France (in French). Archived from the original on 12 July 2023. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  11. ^ "Une minute de silence à l'Assemblée nationale pour Nahel, tué à Nanterre". LCI (in French). 28 June 2023. Archived from the original on 28 July 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  12. ^ "France braces for protests after 'unforgivable' police shooting". France 24. AFP. 28 June 2023. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  13. ^ "Tensions erupt in a Paris suburb after a 17-year-old Arab man of Algerian descent, a delivery driver, is killed in a police standoff". Associated Press. 27 June 2023. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  14. ^ Barbarit, Simon (29 June 2023). "Refus d'obtempérer: la porte-parole de la police nationale annonce 138 tirs en 2022" [Refusal to comply: the spokesperson for the national police announces 138 shootings in 2022]. Public Sénat (in French). Archived from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g Bisset, Victoria; Suliman, Adela (28 June 2023). "Protests erupt in Paris after police shoot, kill teen during traffic stop". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  16. ^ a b c d Foroudi, Layli; Jabkhiro, Juliette (28 June 2023). "Paris police shooting: Macron deplores 'inexcusable' killing of teenager". Reuters. Archived from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  17. ^ "France criticised over police violence, racism at UN". Al Jazeera. 1 May 2023. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  18. ^ Amrani, Iman; Chrisafis, Angelique (17 February 2017). "Adama Traoré's death in police custody casts long shadow over French society". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 14 May 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  19. ^ "Adama Traoré: French anti-racism protests defy police ban". BBC News. 2 June 2020. Archived from the original on 3 June 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  20. ^ "VIDEO Mise en examen pour homicide volontaire du policier auteur d'un tir mortel à Saint-Yrieix, près d'Angoulême" [VIDEO Indictment for intentional homicide of the police officer who shot deadly in Saint-Yrieix, near Angoulême]. France 3 Nouvelle-Aquitaine (in French). 29 June 2023. Archived from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  21. ^ Brioulet, Cyril (28 June 2023). "Nahel, tué à Nanterre par un policier : joueur de rugby, livreur de pizzas, sans casier... qui était l'adolescent?" [Nahel, killed in Nanterre by a policeman: rugby player, pizza delivery man, no record... who was the teenager?]. La Dépêche du Midi (in French). Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  22. ^ "Rugby, livreur, justice…: qui était Nahel, 17 ans, tué par un policier mardi à Nanterre". La Voix du Nord (in French). 28 June 2023. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  23. ^ Lepoivre, Ambre (29 June 2023). "Refus d'obtempérer, conduite sans permis, stupéfiants: Nahel était connu au fichier des antécédents judiciaires". Le Figaro (in French). Retrieved 16 September 2023. qu'il conduisait sans permis
  24. ^ ""C'était ma vie" : la mère de Nahel, tué par un policier, anéantie après la mort de son fils unique" ["He was my life": The mother of Nahel devastated after the killing of her only son by police]. La Voix du Nord (in French). 28 June 2023. Archived from the original on 28 June 2023. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  25. ^ Kirby, Paul (30 June 2023). "France shooting: Who was Nahel M, shot by French police in Nanterre?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  26. ^ "A Nanterre, un ado de 17 ans tué par la police lors d'un contrôle routier : ce que l'on sait des faits" [In Nanterre, a 17-year-old teenager killed by the police during a traffic check: what we know about the facts]. Le Nouvel Observateur (in French). 27 June 2023. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 30 June 2023. il était « connu des services de la justice notamment pour refus d'obtempérer » [...] avait été déféré au parquet de Nanterre le week-end dernier, pour refus d'obtempérer [...] Il avait également été mis en cause pour un autres refus d'obtempérer en 2022 [he was "known to the justice services, in particular for refusing to comply" [...] had been referred to the Nanterre prosecutor's office last weekend, for refusing to comply [...] He had also been placed in cause for another refusal to comply in 2022]
  27. ^ Philippin, Yann; Rouget, Antton (10 July 2023). "Un pilier d'Europe 1, ex de " Valeurs actuelles ", dans la main des barbouzes des Émirats". Mediapart (in French). Archived from the original on 11 July 2023. Retrieved 25 July 2023. À Europe 1, c'est lui [Louis de Raguenel] qui a révélé le 28 juin dernier, « de sources policières », les antécédents mentionnés dans le fichier de la police au sujet de Nahel, l'adolescent tué par un policier à Nanterre – un classique visant à tenter de criminaliser la victime.
  28. ^ Pezet, Jacques (28 June 2023). "Mort de Nahel à Nanterre : polémique autour du casier judiciaire de l'adolescent tué par la police". Libération (in French). Archived from the original on 11 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  29. ^ Raguenel, Louis de (29 June 2023). "Mort de Nahel : l'adolescent connu pour 15 mentions au fichier des antécédents judiciaires" [Death of Nahel: the teenager known for 15 mentions in the criminal history file]. Europe 1 (in French). Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  30. ^ Machecourt, Clément (28 June 2023). "Mort de Nahel : Malgré les appels au calme, Nanterre craint une nouvelle nuit de violences". actu.fr (in French). Archived from the original on 24 July 2023. Retrieved 24 July 2023. Le panneau « Place Nelson-Mandela » penché témoigne du choc de la voiture qui y a terminé sa course.
  31. ^ Albertini, Antoine; Bronner, Luc (5 July 2023). "Mort de Nahel M. : les premières constatations de l'enquête" [Death of Nahel M.: the first findings of the investigation]. Le Monde (in French). Archived from the original on 20 July 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  32. ^ "En direct : une information judiciaire pour homicide volontaire ouverte après la mort de Nahel" [Live: a judicial investigation for voluntary homicide opened after the death of Nahel]. France 24 (in French). 29 June 2023. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
  33. ^ Paolini, Esther (29 June 2023). "Mort de Nahel : le récit de la course-poursuite, minute par minute" [Death of Nahel: the story of the chase, minute by minute]. Le Figaro (in French). Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
  34. ^ "Mort de Nahel: le procureur de Nanterre détaille le déroulé des faits" [Death of Nahel: the Nanterre prosecutor details the course of events]. BFM TV (in French). 29 June 2023. Archived from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  35. ^ Thompson, Hannah (28 June 2023). "French police accused of killing boy: What do we know about the case?". The Connexion. Archived from the original on 28 June 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  36. ^ Yancey-Bragg, N'dea (29 June 2023). "France to deploy 40,000 officers amid protests after fatal police shooting of teen driver". USA TODAY. Archived from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  37. ^ "France riots: Why are police using guns during traffic stops?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  38. ^ "Did a law to fight terrorism give French police too much licence to shoot?". 30 June 2023. Archived from the original on 1 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  39. ^ AFP (30 June 2023). "French Police Union Calls Rioters 'Vermin'". www.barrons.com. Archived from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  40. ^ "Compte Twitter suspendu, plaintes déposées: on vous explique la polémique autour du "Syndicat France Police" après la mort de Nahel". Nice-Matin. 30 June 2023. Archived from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  41. ^ Piquet, Caroline; Constant, Julien (27 June 2023). "Adolescent tué à Nanterre par un tir policier : " On veut la vérité et on la veut vite ", réagit le maire" [Teenager killed in Nanterre by police shooting: "We want the truth and we want it quickly", reacts the mayor]. Le Parisien (in French). Archived from the original on 27 June 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  42. ^ a b Bouchet-Petersen, Jonathan (28 June 2023). "Mort de Nahel : une vidéo qui change tout et un cocktail explosif" [Death of Nahel: a video that changes everything and an explosive cocktail]. Libération (in French). Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  43. ^ Lair, Noémie (28 June 2023). "Adolescent tué à Nanterre : ce que l'on sait de la vidéo qui met à mal la version des policiers" [Teenager killed in Nanterre: what we know about the video that undermines the version of the police]. France Inter (in French). Archived from the original on 28 June 2023. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
  44. ^ Grée, Samuel (8 September 2022). "Mort après un refus d'obtempérer à Nice : une vidéo fragilise la version d'un syndicat de police" [Death after a refusal to comply in Nice: a video weakens the version of a police union]. Francelive (in French). Archived from the original on 28 June 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  45. ^ a b c Albertini, Antoine (28 June 2023). "Adolescent tué par un policier à Nanterre : l'agent en garde à vue, nuit de colère et de tension dans les Hauts-de-Seine" [Teenager killed by a policeman in Nanterre: the agent in police custody, night of anger and tension in the Hauts-de-Seine]. Le Monde (in French). Archived from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  46. ^ Putavy, Théo (30 June 2023). "Mort de Nahel: le troisième passager de la voiture donne sa version des faits pour 'rétablir la vérité'" [Death of Nahel: the third passenger in the car gives his version of the facts to 'restore the truth']. BFM TV (in French). Archived from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  47. ^ a b "Paris: Unrest suburb after police kill a 17-year-old". Deutsche Welle. dpa, AP, AFP. 28 June 2023. Archived from the original on 28 June 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  48. ^ Montagné, David (28 June 2023). "Jeune homme tué à Nanterre après un refus d'obtempérer : après le drame, deux enquêtes ouvertes" [Young man killed in Nanterre after refusing to comply: after the tragedy, two investigations opened]. Europe 1 (in French). AFP. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  49. ^ "Mort de Naël: deux plaintes vont être déposées contre les policiers, annoncent les avocats de la famille de la victime" [Death of Naël: two complaints will be filed against the police, announce the lawyers for the victim's family]. BFM TV (in French). Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  50. ^ "'Unexplainable and inexcusable': Macron lays into police after teen shot dead and Paris riots". Australian Broadcasting Corporation News. Reuters. 28 June 2023. Archived from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  51. ^ Schofield, Hugh (28 June 2023). "Paris shooting: Why French government backed family so fast". BBC News. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  52. ^ Ivanoff, Boris (28 June 2023). "Nanterre. Mort de Nahel à Nanterre : quel est ce syndicat France Police menacé de dissolution ?". Le Progrès (in French). Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
  53. ^ a b c Brudeau, Cain (28 June 2023). "Riots, racial tensions erupt in France after fatal police shooting". Courthouse News Service. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
  54. ^ a b "'I hurt for my France': Mbappe, Macron shocked by police killing". Al Jazeera. 28 June 2023. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  55. ^ a b Radford, Antoinette (27 June 2023). "Anger in Paris after police kill teen in traffic stop". BBC News. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  56. ^ Allen, Peter (28 June 2023). "First picture of teenager whose killing by police triggered night of riots in Paris". Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  57. ^ Amrouche, Karim; Ben Hamadi, Monia; Collas, Aurélie (3 July 2023). "" La France continue à marginaliser des générations d'immigrés " : au Maghreb, les émeutes en France font réagir" ["France continues to marginalize generations of immigrants": in the Maghreb, the riots in France are reacting]. Le Monde (in French). Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
  58. ^ Tétrault-Farber, Gabrielle (30 June 2023). "UN says France fatal shooting an opportunity to address racism in law enforcement". Reuters. Archived from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  59. ^ "UN rights office calls on France to address 'deep issues' of racism in policing". United Nations. 30 June 2023. Archived from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  60. ^ Bremner, Charles (3 July 2023). "France riots: €1m donated to policeman who killed Nahel Merzouk". The Times. Archived from the original on 5 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  61. ^ D'Aversa, Maxence (5 July 2023). "Mort de Nahel : la famille du policier devra payer près d'1 million d'euros d'impôt". Challenges. Archived from the original on 5 July 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  62. ^ "Tribune. Mort de Nahel : " Cette fois, tout le monde a vu "". L'Humanité. 12 July 2023. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
  63. ^ Pecnard, Jules (8 July 2023). "Emeutes : Pourquoi la droite n'a-t-elle pas le droit de dire que les émeutiers sont des Français qui ne se sentent pas comme les autres ?". Atlantico (in French). Archived from the original on 9 July 2023. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  64. ^ Rioufol, Ivan (28 June 2023). "Émeutes, hidjab: ces effets de la société ouverte" [Riots, hijab: these effects of the open society]. Causeur (in French). Archived from the original on 15 July 2023. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  65. ^ Gontier, Samuel (6 July 2023). "Immigration, barbares et guerre civile : après la mort de Nahel, les chaînes info peaufinent leurs analyses" [Immigration, barbarians and civil war: after Nahel's death, the news networks polish up their analyses]. Telerama (in French). Archived from the original on 9 July 2023. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  66. ^ Darame, Mariama; Lamothe, Jérémie (5 July 2023). "Emeutes urbaines : devant le Sénat, Gérald Darmanin défend son bilan" [Urban riots: facing the Senate, Gérald Darmanin defends his record]. Le Monde (in French). Archived from the original on 30 July 2023. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
  67. ^ Pecnard, Jules (7 July 2023). "Ordre, délinquance, immigration… LR se raccroche aux émeutes pour survivre" [Order, delinquency, immigration… LR clings to the riots to survive] (in French). Archived from the original on 8 July 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  68. ^ "France braces for further protests after police kill teenager". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  69. ^ Rabemanantsoa, Anna; Winsor, Morgan (28 June 2023). "Teenager's death during police traffic stop sparks violent unrest in Paris suburb". ABC News. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
  70. ^ Mortimer, Gavin (28 June 2023). "France erupts in violence after police shoot dead a teenager". The Spectator. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
  71. ^ Chrisafis, Angelique; Paris, Angelique Chrisafisin (29 June 2023). "France police shooting: 150 arrests as protests widen over teenager's death". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
  72. ^ "France to deploy 40,000 officers in wake of riots". Deutsche Welle. 29 June 2023. Archived from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
  73. ^ Oliphant, Roland (1 July 2023). "Police arrest 1,300 rioters in fourth night of violence ahead of slain teenager's funeral". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 1 July 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  74. ^ Foroudi, Layli; Olive, Noemie (29 June 2023). "France unrest: Riots spread, thousands march in memory of shot teenager". Reuters. Archived from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
  75. ^ "Nahel : Marche Blanche et Colelère noire". BLAST, Le souffle de l'info. youtube.com. 30 June 2023. Archived from the original on 29 July 2023. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  76. ^ Lecot, Julien; Séré, Ludovic; Maurice, Stéphanie; Mouraby, Théo (29 June 2023). "Après la mort de Nahel, la France en voit de toutes les colères". Libération (in French). Archived from the original on 29 July 2023. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Killing_of_Nahel_Merzouk&oldid=1254270157"