List of U.S. executive branch czars

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This article is a list. For the article giving a history of the "czar" political term and its use, see Czar (U.S. political term)

In the United States, the informal political term "czar" is employed in media and popular usage to refer to high-level officials who oversee a particular policy. There have never been any U.S. government offices with the title "czar", but various governmental officials have sometimes been referred to by the nickname "czar" rather than their actual title.

The earliest known use of the term for a U.S. government official was in the administration of Franklin Roosevelt (1933-1945), during which twelve positions were so described. The term was revived, mostly by the press, to describe officials in the Nixon and Ford administrations. Subsequently, until the George W. Bush administration (2001-2009), the term was little used except in reference to the "drug czar."[citation needed]

The habit of using "czar" to refer to an administration official dates back at least to President Franklin D. Roosevelt [FDR Czar] [3]

Contents

[edit] By administration

The list is subjective and imprecise, since frequently individuals or offices might be referred to by the nickname "czar" by some publication or a political opponent, yet the actual governmental official, a majority of publications and others do not use the term. For example, some consider czars to be only those officials who are appointed by the president without Senate confirmation.

Summary table - Number of czars per administration
President's name In office Number of
"czar" jobs		 Number of
appointees
Franklin Roosevelt 1933–1945 12 19
Harry Truman 1945–1953 6 6
Dwight Eisenhower 1953–1961 1 1
John F. Kennedy 1961-1963 0 0
Lyndon Johnson 1963–1969 3 3
Richard Nixon 1969–1974 3 5
Gerald Ford 1974–1977 1 1
Jimmy Carter 1977–1981 2 3
Ronald Reagan 1981–1989 1 1
George H. W. Bush 1989–1993 2 3
Bill Clinton 1993–2001 7 10
George W. Bush 2001–2009 35 47[1]
Barack Obama 2009– 38 8[1]

The numbers are based upon the sortable list below. Please see it for details and references. Note that what is measured is the popularity of the word czar, rather than an objective measure of authority. Also note that under George W. Bush only 31 Czar titles had been currently found, thus only 31 Czars. For example, there has been an Assistant Secretary of Labor for Mine Safety and Health since the passage of the Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977, but the phrase "mine safety czar" was only applied to the position since the controversial appointment of Richard Stickler to the post in 2006. Similarly, there has been a director of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs since the office was created by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980, but the term "regulatory czar" was not applied to the post until 2001.

[edit] List of executive branch czars

The following are executive branch officials to whom the media has referred as a czar of some kind.

This is a sortable table; to sort by President, type of appointment, etc., just click on the arrow at the top of the column. To view references for a particular "czar", click on the number next to the name.

Czar title Official title Office holder Tenure Type of Appointment Appointing Administration Senate Confirmed
abstinence czar Administrator of the US Agency for International Development (USAID) Tobias, Randall[2] 2006–2007 President nominated, Senate confirmed Bush, George W. ✓
AfPak czar, Afghanistan and Pakistan czar Special Representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan Holbrooke, Richard[3] 2009–present President appointed Obama, Barack
AIDS czar National AIDS Policy Coordinator, Member of White House Domestic Policy Council Gebbie, Kristine[4] 1993–1994 President appointed Clinton, Bill
AIDS czar Director of the Office of National AIDS Policy Fleming, Patricia[5] 1993–1997 President appointed Clinton, Bill
AIDS czar Director of the Office of National AIDS Policy, Presidential Envoy for AIDS Cooperation Thurman, Sandra[6] 1997–2000 President appointed Clinton, Bill
AIDS czar Director of the Office of National AIDS Policy Evertz, Scott[7] 2001–2002 President appointed Bush, George W.
AIDS czar Director of the Office of National AIDS Policy O'Neill, Joe[8] 2002–2003 President appointed Bush, George W.
AIDS czar Director of the Office of National AIDS Policy Thompson, Carol[9] 2004–2006 President appointed Bush, George W.
AIDS czar Director of the Office of National AIDS Policy Crowley, Jeffrey[10] 2009–present President appointed Obama, Barack
anti-poverty czar, poverty czar Director of Office of Economic Opportunity Shriver, Sargent[11] 1965–1969 President nominated, Senate confirmed Johnson, Lyndon ✓
auto czar, car czar Treasury Advisor, Head of the Auto Task Force Rattner, Steve[12] 2009 Feb–Jul Sec. of Treasury appointed Obama, Barack
auto czar, car czar Senior Advisor President's Automotive Task Force Bloom, Ron[13] 2009–present President appointed Obama, Barack
auto recovery czar, autoworker czar Member Presidential Task Force on the Auto Industry, Director of Recovery for Auto Communities and Workers Montgomery, Ed[14] 2009–present President appointed Obama, Barack
bank bailout czar, Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) czar United States Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Financial Stability, Senior Advisor to Secretary of the Treasury Kashkari, Neel.[15] 2008–2009 (New position), President nominated, Senate confirmed Bush, George W. ✓
bank bailout czar, TARP czar United States Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Financial Stability Allison, Herbert[16] 2009–present President nominated, Senate confirmed Obama, Barack ✓
bioethics czar Advisor to the President, Chairman of The President's Council on Bioethics Kass, Leon[17] 2001–2005 (New position), Exec order, Pres appointed Bush, George W.
bird flu czar Assistant Secretary of Health and Human Services, Advisor to the President for Public Health Emergency Preparedness Simonson, Stewart[18] 2004–2006 (New position), Pres appointed Bush, George W.
birth control czar Deputy Assistant Secretary of Population Affairs, Department of Health and Human Services Keroack, Eric[19] 2006–2007 Pres appointed Bush, George W.
border czar U.S. attorney and Special Representative for the Southwest Border, Department of Justice Bersin, Alan[20] 1995–1998 President nominated, Senate confirmed as U.S. Attorney, Appointed as Special Representative Clinton, Bill ✓
border czar Assistant Secretary for International Affairs, Special Representative for Border Affairs, Dept of Homeland Security, Bersin, Alan[21] 2009–present Sec of Homeland Security appointed Obama, Barack
budget czar Director of the Office of Management and Budget Daniels, Mitchell E.[22] 2001–2003 President nominated, Senate Confirmed Bush, George W. ✓
budget czar Director of the Office of Management and Budget Bolten, Joshua[23] 2003–2006 President nominated, Senate confirmed Bush, George W. ✓
budget czar Director of the Office of Management and Budget Portman, Rob[24] 2006–2007 President nominated, Senate confirmed Bush, George W. ✓
cleanup czar Special Assistant Attorney General (to investigate corruption) Morris, Newbold[25] 1952, resigned after 63 days Attorney General appointed Truman, Harry
cleanup czar Assistant Secretary for Environmental Management, Department of Energy (nuclear clean up) Roberson, Jessie[26] 2001–2004 President nominated, Senate confirmed Bush, George W. ✓
cleanup czar Assistant Secretary for Environmental Management, Department of Energy (nuclear clean up) Rispoli, James[27] 2005–2008 Sec. of Energy appointed, Senate confirmed Bush, George W. ✓
climate czar Assistant to the President and Staff Secretary, President's Coordinator for Climate Change, Senior negotiator at Kyoto and Beuenos Aires negottiations Todd D. Stern[28] 1997–1999 Pres appointed Clinton, Bill
climate czar Special Envoy for Climate Change Stern, Todd D.[29] 2009 Sec. of State appointed Obama, Barack
climate czar, energy czar, global warming czar Assistant to the President for Energy and Climate Change Browner, Carol[30] 2009–present (New position) Obama, Barack
communications czar Counselor to the President, Special counselor to the President Bartlett, Dan[31] 2005–2007 Pres appointed Bush, George W.
compensation czar, pay czar Special Master for TARP Executive Compensation Feinberg, Kenneth[32] 2009–present Sec. of Treasury appointed Obama, Barack
czar czar Chief domestic policy advisor and Director of the White House Domestic Policy Council Reed, Bruce[33] 1993–2001 (New position), Exec order, Pres appointed Clinton, Bill
cyber security czar, cyber czar Special Advisor to the President on Cybersecurity, Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Clarke, Richard A.[34] 2001 Oct–2003 Feb (New position), Pres appointed Bush, George W.
cyber security czar, cyber czar Director, National Cyber Security Center Beckstrom, Rod[35] 2008–2009 (New position), Presidential directive, Pres appointed Bush, George W.
cyber security czar, cyber czar Director of the White House Office of Cybersecurity, Cybersecurity Coordinator Head of office to be announced[36] Office created May 31, 2009. (New position) Obama, Barack
czar of censorship Director, Office of Censorship Price, Byron[37] 1941–1945 Exec Order, Pres appointed Roosevelt, Franklin
czar of information Director Office of War Information Davis, Elmer[38] 1942–1945 Exec order, Pres appointed Roosevelt, Franklin
czar of Latin American affairs Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs Mann, Thomas C.[39] 1964–1965 President nominated, Senate confirmed Johnson, Lyndon ✓
democracy czar Deputy National Security Advisor for Global Democracy Strategy Abrams, Elliott[40] 2005–2008 Pres appointed Bush, George W.
domestic czar Special Assistant to the President, domestic policy aide Califano, Joseph[41] 1965–1969 Pres appointed Johnson, Lyndon
domestic policy czar Chief Domestic Policy Coordinator, Assistant to the President and Senior Advisor to the President, White House Deputy Chief of Staff Rove, Karl[42] 2004–2006 Pres appointed Bush, George W.
domestic violence czar Advisor to the President and the Vice President on Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Issues Rosenthal, Lynn[43] 2009 Vice Pres appointed Obama, Barack
drug czar Head of Drug programs, Special Action Office of Drug Abuse Prevention Jaffe, Jerome[44] 1971 Pres appointed Nixon, Richard
drug czar Director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse and head of the Narcotics Treatment Administration DuPont, Robert 1973-1978 Ford, Gerald
drug czar Director of the White House Drug Abuse Policy (1982), Special Assistant to the President for Drug Abuse (1983), Member of Executive Board of the National Narcotics Border Interdiction System Cabinet Level (1983), Deputy Assistant to the President for Drug Abuse Policy (1985) Turner, Carlton[45] 1982–1988 (New position), Exec order, Pres appointed Reagan, Ronald
drug czar Director Office of National Drug Control Policy Bennett, William J.[46] 1989–1990 (New position) created by Congress, President nominated, Senate Confirmed Bush, George H. W. ✓
drug czar Director Office of National Drug Control Policy Martinez, Bob[47] 1991–1993 President nominated, Senate Confirmed Bush, George H. W. ✓
drug czar Director National Drug Control Policy Brown, Lee P.[48] 1993–1995 President nominated, Senate Confirmed Clinton, Bill ✓
drug czar Director National Drug Control Policy McCaffrey, Barry[49] 1996–2001 President nominated, Senate confirmed Clinton, Bill ✓
drug czar Director National Drug Control Policy Walters, John P.[50] 2001–2009 President nominated, Senate confirmed Bush, George W. ✓
drug czar Director National Drug Control Policy (cabinet rank removed) Kerlikowske, R. Gil[51] 2009–present President nominated, Senate confirmed Obama, Barack ✓
e-commerce czar, e-czar Executive Director, Electronic Commerce Working Group Elizabeth Echols[52] 1998-2000 Vice Pres appointed Clinton, Bill ✓
economic czar, economic czar of World War II Director, Office of Economic Stabilization Byrnes, James[53] 1942–1943 (New position), Exec order, Pres appointed Roosevelt, Franklin
economic czar Director, Office of Economic Stabilization Vinson, Fred M.[54] 1943–1945 Pres appointed Roosevelt, Franklin
economic czar Director, Office of Economic Stabilization Davis, William Hammatt[55] 1945–1946 Pres appointed Roosevelt, Franklin
economic czar, big-picture economic czar Chairman, Economic Recovery Advisory Board Volcker, Paul A.[56] 2009 Pres appointed Obama, Barack
energy czar Director of the Energy Policy Office Love, John Arthur[57] 1973 (New position), Exec order, Pres appointed Nixon, Richard
energy czar Federal Energy Office Administrator Simon, William E[58] 1973–1974 Pres appointed Nixon, Richard
energy czar Administrator, Federal Energy Administration Sawhill, John[59] 1974 Pres appointed Nixon, Richard
energy czar Administrator, Federal Energy Administration, Assistant to the President for Energy Affairs, Executive Director of Energy Resources Council Zarb, Frank[60] 1974–1977 Pres appointed Ford, Gerald
energy czar Director, Department of Energy (cabinet-level position) Schlesinger, James[61] 1977–1979 (New position), Legislation enacted, President nominated, Senate confirmed Carter, Jimmy ✓
faith-based czar, faith czar Director, White House Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives DiIulio, John[62] 2001–2002 (New position), Exec order, Pres appointed Bush, George W.
faith-based czar, faith czar Director, White House Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives Towey, Jim[63] 2002–2006 Pres appointed Bush, George W.
faith-based czar, faith czar Director, White House Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives Hein, Jay[64] 2006–2008 Pres appointed Bush, George W.
faith-based czar Director of the White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships DuBois, Joshua[65] 2009–present Pres appointed Obama, Barack
food czar Food Administrator and Secretary of Agriculture Wickard, Claude[66] 1942–1943 Exec order Roosevelt, Franklin
food czar War Food Administrator Davis, Chester C.[67] 1943 Exec order Roosevelt, Franklin
food czar War Food Administrator Jones, Marvin[68] 1943–1945 Exec order Roosevelt, Franklin
food czar Chairman Citizens Food Committee Luckman, Charles[69] 1947 Sep–Nov Pres appointed Truman, Harry
food safety czar Assistant Commissioner for Food Protection Acheson, David W. K.[70] 2007–2008 Pres appointed Bush, George W.
global AIDS czar Coordinator of U.S. Government Activities to Combat HIV/AIDS Globally with the rank of Ambassador Tobias, Randall][71] 2003–2006 (New position), President nominated, Senate confirmed Bush, George W. ✓
global AIDS czar Coordinator of U.S.Government Activities to Combat HIV/AIDS Globally, with the rank of Ambassador Dybul, Mark[72] 2006–2009 President nominated, Senate confirmed Bush, George W. ✓
Great Lakes czar Special Advisor to the EPA Administrator Davis, Cameron[73] 2009–present EPA appointed Obama, Barack
green-jobs czar Special Advisor for Green Jobs, Enterprise, and Innovation at the White House, Member of the White House Council on Environmental Quality Jones, Van[74] 2009 Apr–Sep Pres appointed Obama, Barack
Guantanamo Base closure czar US Department of State Special Envoy Fried, Daniel[75] 2009–present Sec. of State appointed Obama, Barack
health care czar, technology czar, internet czar, e-czar Senior Advisor for Policy Development Magaziner, Ira,[76] 1993-1998 Pres appointed Clinton, Bill
health czar Director of the White House Office of Health Reform and Counselor to the President DeParle, Nancy-Ann[77] 2009–present Exec Order Obama, Barack
health czar for the World Trade Center (WTC) Special coordinator to respond to health effects of September 11 attacks, World Trade Center (WTC) Medical Monitoring and Treatment Program, also served as Director, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Howard, John[78] 2006–2008 Pres Appointed Bush, George W.
health IT czar National Coordinator for Health Information Technology, Department of Health and Human Services Brailer, David J.[79] 2004–2006 (New position), Exec order, appointed by Sec. of HHS Bush, George W.
homeland security czar Assistant to the President for Homeland Security and Counterterrorism Ridge, Tom[80] 2001–2002 (New position), Exec Order, Pres appointed Bush, George W.
homeland security czar Secretary, U.S. Department of Homeland Security Ridge, Tom[80] 2003–2004 (New position), Legislation enacted, President nominated, Senate confirmed Bush, George W. ✓
homeland security czar Secretary, U.S. Department of Homeland Security Chertoff, Michael[81] 2005–2009 President nominated, Senate confirmed Bush, George W. ✓
homeless czar, homelessness czar Executive Director United States Interagency Council on Homelessness Phil Mangano[82] 2002–2008 Pres appointed Bush, George W.
housing czar Housing Expediter in the Office of War Mobilization and Reconversion Wyatt, Wilson[83] 1945–1946 (New position), Pres appointed Truman, Harry
Gulf Coast reconstruction czar, hurricane Katrina recovery czar Federal Coordinator of Hurricane Katrina Recovery Effort Powell, Donald E.[84] 2005–2008 Pres appointed Bush, George W.
inflation czar, anti-inflation czar Special Trade Representative, Chief U.S. trade negotiator Strauss, Robert[85] 1978 Pres appointed Carter, Jimmy
inflation czar Advisor to the President, Chairman Council on Wage and Price Stability Kahn, Alfred[86] 1977–1980 Pres appointed Carter, Jimmy
information czar, infotech czar Chief Information Officer at the White House Kundra, Vivek[87] 2009–present (New position), created by statute, Pres appointed Obama, Barack
intelligence czar Director of National Intelligence Negroponte, John[88] 2005–2007 (New position), Congress mandated, President nominated, Senate confirmed Bush, George W. ✓
intelligence czar Director of National Intelligence McConnell, John Michael[89] 2007–2009 President nominated, Senate confirmed Bush, George W. ✓
intelligence czar Director of National Intelligence Blair, Dennis[90] 2009–present President nominated, Senate confirmed Obama, Barack ✓
Iran czar Special Advisor for the Persian Gulf and Southwest Asia (which includes Iran) Ross, Dennis[91] 2009–present Pres appointed Obama, Barack
manpower czar Director, War Manpower Commission McNutt, Paul V.[92] 1942–1945 Exec order Roosevelt, Franklin
manufacturing czar Assistant Secretary for manufacturing and services, U.S. Commerce Department Frink, Albert[93] 2004–2007 (New position), President nominated, Senate confirmed Bush, George W. ✓
manufacturing czar Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Manufacturing and Services Sutton, William G.[94] 2007–2008 President nominated, Senate confirmed Bush, George W. ✓
manufacturing czar Senior Counselor for Manufacturing Policy Bloom, Ron[13] 2009–present Pres appointed Obama, Barack
Middle East czar Special Envoy for Middle East Peace Mitchell, George[95] 2009–present Sec. of State appointed Obama, Barack
mine safety czar Assistant Secretary of Labor for Mine Safety and Health Stickler, Richard[96] 2006–2008 Recess appointment—2 prior presidential nominations were rejected by the Senate Bush, George W.
missile czar Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Research and Development Gardner, Trevor[97] 1954–1956 Sec. of Defense appointed, Senate confirmed Eisenhower, Dwight ✓
mobilization czar, civilian economy czar Director, Office of Defense Mobilization Wilson, Charles E.[98] 1950–1952 (New position), Exec order Truman, Harry
oil czar Petroleum Coordinator for National Defense, Secretary of the Interior Ickes, Harold L.[99] 1941–1946 President nominated, Senate confirmed as Secy of Interior Roosevelt, Franklin ✓
patronage czar Postmaster General Post Office Department, Cabinet level position Hannegan, Bob[100] 1945–1947 President nominated, Senate confirmed Truman, Harry ✓
performance czar United States Chief Performance Officer and Deputy Director for Management at the Office of Management and Budget Zients, Jeffrey[101] 2009–present President nominated, Senate confirmed Obama, Barack ✓
policy czar Assistant to the President for Policy and Strategic Planning Gerson, Michael[102] 2005–2006 Pres appointed Bush, George W.
price czar Administrator, Office of Price Administration Henderson, Leon[103] 1941–1942 (New position), Exec order, Pres appointed Roosevelt, Franklin
price czar Administrator, Office of Price Administration Brown, Prentiss Marsh[104] 1942–1943 Pres appointed Roosevelt, Franklin
price czar Administrator, Office of Price Administration Bowles, Chester[105] 1943–1946 Pres appointed Roosevelt, Franklin
price czar Chairman of the Price Commission Grayson, C. Jackson, Jr.[106] 1971 (New position), Pres appointed Nixon, Richard
production czar Director, War Production Board Nelson, Donald[107] 1942–1944 (New position), Exec order, Pres appointed Roosevelt, Franklin
production czar Director, War Production Board Krug, Julius[108] 1944–1945 Pres appointed Roosevelt, Franklin
public diplomacy czar Special advisor to the President, Undersecretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs Hughes, Karen[109] 2005–2007 President nominated, Senate confirmed Bush, George W. ✓
public diplomacy czar Undersecretary of State for Public Affairs and Public Diplomacy Glassman, James[110] 2008–2009 President nominated, Senate confirmed Bush, George W. ✓
reading czar President's Advisor on Reading First Initiative, Member of the President's Commission on Excellence in Special Education Lyon, G. Reid[111] 2001–2005 Pres appointed Bush, George W.
reconversion czar Director of War Mobilization and Reconversion Snyder, John[112] 1945–1946 Pres appointed Truman, Harry
regulatory czar Director of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs Office of Management and Budget Graham, John D.[113] 2001–2006 President nominated, Senate confirmed Bush, George W. ✓
regulatory czar Director of the Office of Information and Regulatory AffairsOffice of Management and Budget Dudley, Susan[114] 2006–2009 Recess appointment, nominee did not receive a Senate vote Bush, George W.
regulatory czar Director of the Office of Information and Regulatory AffairsOffice of Management and Budget Sunstein, Cass[115] 2009–present President nominated, Senate confirmed Obama, Barack ✓
rubber czar Rubber Director Jeffers, Bill[116] 1942–1943 (New position), Exec order, appointed by Chairman of War Production Board Roosevelt, Franklin
savings & loan czar Director, Office of Thrift Supervision Ryan, T. Timothy, Jr.[117] 1990–1997 President nominated, Senate confirmed Bush, George H. W. ✓
science czar Science Advisor to the President, Director, White House Office of Science and Technology Policy Marburger, John[118] 2001 Oct–2009 Jan President nominated, Senate confirmed Bush, George W. ✓
science czar Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy Holdren, John[119] 2009–present President nominated, Senate confirmed Obama, Barack ✓
shipping czar Administrator, War Shipping Administration Land, Emory S.[120] 1942–1946 Exec order Roosevelt, Franklin
stimulus accountability, stimulus oversight Chairman, Recovery Accountability and Transparency Board Devaney, Earl[121] 2009 (New position), created by statute, Pres appointed Obama, Barack
technology czar, chief technology czar Associate Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy,Chief Technology Officer (CTO), , Assistant to the President Chopra, Aneesh[122] 2009–present President nominated, Senate confirmed Obama, Barack ✓
terrorism czar, counter-terrorism czar National coordinator for security, infrastructure protection and counter-terrorism, member of National Security Council, cabinet level position Clarke, Richard A.[123] 1998 May–2001 Jan Pres appointed Clinton, Bill
terrorism czar National coordinator for security, infrastructure protection and counter-terrorism, cabinet level rank removed Clarke, Richard A.[124] 2001 Jan–Oct (Held over from prior administration) Pres Clinton appointed Bush, George W.
terrorism czar, counterterrorism czar National Director for Combating Terrorism, Deputy National Security Advisor Downing, Wayne[125] 2001 Nov–2002 Jun (New position), Pres appointed Bush, George W.
terrorism czar Assistant to the President for Homeland Security and Counterterrorism Brennan, John O.[126] 2009 Pres appointed Obama, Barack
transportation czar Director, Office of Defense Transportation Eastman, Joseph Bartlett[127] 1941–1944 (New position), Exec order, Pres appointed Roosevelt, Franklin
transportation czar Director, Office of Defense Transportation Johnson, J. Monroe[128] 1944–1949 Pres appointed Roosevelt, Franklin
urban affairs czar Director of the White House Office of Urban Affairs Policy Carrion, Adolfo[129] 2009–present Exec Order, Pres appointed Obama, Barack
war czar Assistant to the President and Deputy National Security Advisor for Iraq and Afghanistan Lute, Douglas[130] 2007–present (New position), President nominated, Senate confirmed Bush, George W. ✓
war czar Assistant to the President and Deputy National Security Advisor for Iraq and Afghanistan Lute, Douglas[130] 2007–present (Held over from prior administration) Pres Bush nominated, Senate confirmed Obama, Barack ✓
weapons czar Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics (AT&L) Carter, Ashton[131] 2009 President nominated, Senate confirmed Obama, Barack ✓
weapons of mass destruction czar, nonproliferation czar Special Assistant to the President and White House Coordinator for Arms Control and Weapons of Mass Destruction, Proliferation, and Terrorism Samore, Gary[132] 2009–present Pres appointed Obama, Barack
weatherization czar Program Manager, Office of Weatherization and Intergovernmental Program, U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Sperling, Gil[133] 2008–present Career incumbent, retained from George W. Bush administration Bush, George, Obama, Barack

[edit] See also

[edit] References

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  17. ^ Gillespie, Nick. "Leon Kass' bioethics homework assignment", Slate Magazine, Jan 18, 2002. Allen, Arthur. "The bioethics czar's new right-hand man is passionately opposed to abortion, public schools, federal taxes and Democrats", Salon.com, Nov 30, 2001. Weiss, Rick. "Bioethics Council Head to Step Down",Washington Post, Sep 9, 2005.
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  20. ^ Ellingwood, Ken. "'Border Czar' Ends a Highly Visible Reign", Los Angeles Times, Jun 28, 1998.
  21. ^ "Secretary Napolitano Appoints Alan Bersin", U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Apr 15, 2009. Dibble, Sandra. "Bersin to focus on violence in 2nd tour as border czar", Union-Tribune, Apr 16, 2009. Not a new position, no Senate confirm required. 2008 Plum Book, p. 79, GPOAccess.gov.
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  25. ^ AP. "Truman Announces McGrath's Resignation Few Hours After Attorney General Fires Morris", Ellenburg Daily Record, Apr 3, 1952 accessed Sep 1, 2009
  26. ^ Cary, Annette. DOE cleanup czar to visit Richland, Wash, nuclear reservation, Tri-City Herald, Nov 9, 2004. Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN362-107, confirmed Jul 12, 2001. PN521-109, successor confirmed Jul 29, 2005.
  27. ^ Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN521-109, confirmed Jul 29, 2005. Hot topics."Rispoli Resigning As DOE Cleanup-Czar" Energy Daily, Nov 6, 2008
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  31. ^ Laidlaw, Scott."Congress wants answers on Tillman death", USA Today, Jul 24, 2007. "Former Presidential Counselor Dan Bartlett To Join LBJ School Faculty", Univ of Texas At Austin, Jan 20, 2009.
  32. ^ Jaffee, Matthew "Obama's New Special Master: Don't Call Him 'Pay Czar'", Jun 11, 2009. Press release. "Interim Final Rule on TARP Standards for Compensation", Treasury.gov
  33. ^ Von Drehle, David. "Saying No to a Car Czar: A Smart First Step on Detroit", Time, Feb 17, 2009. DLC biography. "Bruce Reed", "DLC.org", Jul 27, 2009. Marcus, Ruth. "Belatedly, White House Forms Domestic Policy Unit", Washington Post, Aug 19, 1993. American Presidency Project. "Executive Order 12859 - Establishment of the Domestic Policy Council" Aug 16, 1993
  34. ^ "President Bush Announces Ten People to Serve in his Administration", October 19, 2001--"Clarke was recently named Special Advisor to the President for Cyber Space Security and was previously the National Coordinator for Security, Infrastructure Protection and Counter-terrorism on the National Security Council". Features."Bush's Cybersecurity Czar?", Digital Government Research OnLine, ISI.edu, Dec 2001. Anderson, Kevin."US names cyber-terrorism czar", BBCNews.com, Oct 10, 2001. AP. "U.S. Cybersecurity Czar to Resign", Wired, Jan 28, 2003.
  35. ^ "Senior Leadership The First Five Years: 2003–2008", Dept of Homeland Security, History Office, Sept 2008,DHS.gov, p. 29. "On January 8, 2008, President George W. Bush issued Homeland Security Presidential Directive 23 (HSPD-23), creating the National Cyber Security Center (NCSC), led by a director... Rod Beckstrom (appointed) March 7, 2008." Shachtman, Noah. "Cyber-Security Czar Quits Amid Fears of NSA Takeover", Mar 6, 2009, archived by WebCite.
  36. ^ "Remarks by the President on securing our nation's cyber infrastructure", WhiteHouse.com, May 29, 2009. Obama near choosing cyber security chief, Reuters, Sep 9, 2009.
  37. ^ "FOOD: The Tenth Czar", Time, Apr 5, 1943. American Presidency Project. Exec order establishing the office, Exec order terminating the office.
  38. ^ "FOOD: The Tenth Czar", Time, Apr 5, 1943. American Presidency Project.Exec Order establishing the office,Exec Order terminating the office.
  39. ^ Evans and Novak. "Tour of Latin America To Test LBJ as Campaigner", The Free Lance Star, Jan 22, 1965. Principle Officers. "Assistant Secretaries for Western Hemisphere Affairs",State.gov
  40. ^ Crowley, Michael. "Elliott Abrams, From Iran-Contra to Bush's democracy czar". Slate Magazine, Feb 17, 2005. Office of Press Secretary. Personnel announcement, Feb 2, 2005. Office of Press Secretary "Deputy Press Secretary Abrams Aboard Air Force One En Route to Jerusalem", May 14, 2008
  41. ^ Sidey, Hugh."THE PRESIDENCY: Misusing the White House Machine", Time, Aug 13, 1973."Joseph Califano", Bio."Joseph A. Califano, Jr."Citizen's Commission to Protect the Truth, accessed Aug 30, 2009.
  42. ^ Meyerson, Harold. "Rove's Blind Spot", Washington Post, Aug 15, 2007 Benen, Steve. "When you wish upon a czar", Washington Monthly, Jul 11, 2009.
  43. ^ "Vice President Biden Announces", WhiteHouse.gov, Jun 26, 2009. Works out of the Office of the Vice President Erbe, Bonnie. "Obama's Endless Czar List Now Includes a Domestic Violence Aide", U.S. News blogs, Jun 29, 2009, Archived by WebCite.
  44. ^ Frontline Drug Wars. "Interview Dr. Jerome Jaffe", PBS.org. Shuit, Douglas. "Former U.S. Drug Officials Admit Policy Oversights , Los Angeles Times, Sep 2, 1994, Archived by WebCite.
  45. ^ American Presidency Project. Remarks on Signing Executive Order 12368, Concerning Federal Drug Abuse Policy Functions", Jun 24, 1982. "Appointment of Carlton E. Turner", Ronald Reagan Presidential Library Archives, Mar 12, 1985.
  46. ^ Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN141-101, confirmed Mar 9, 1989. "The Drug Czar's Coherent Legacy - The New York Times", New York Times Nov 11, 1990.
  47. ^ Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN65-102, confirmed Mar 21, 1991, successor nominated Jun, 1993.
  48. ^ Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN361-103, confirmed Senate Jun 16, 1993.
  49. ^ Ostrow, Ronald. "Swift Approval Seen for Drug Czar", LA Times, Feb 26, 1996. Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN840-104, confirmed Feb 29, 1996.
  50. ^ Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN965-107, confirmed Dec 5, 2001. Kraul, Chris. "U.S. drug czar points finger at Chavez", Los Angeles Times, Jan 21, 2008.
  51. ^ Cook, Dave. "New drug czar gets lower rank, promise of higher visibility", The Christian Science Monitor, Mar 11, 2009. Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN185-111, confirmed May 7, 2009.
  52. ^ "Vice President Names Elizabeth Echols as Executive Director of Electronic Commerce Working Group". U.S. Newswire. August 6, 1998. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-18846907.html.  Shane Thacker (August 25, 1998). "Echols named e-commerce czar; other Internet issues announced". PNN Online. http://www.pnnonline.org/article.php?sid=3049.  Richard S. Dunham (November 3, 1999). "She's Weaving Web Policy from the West Wing". Business Week. http://www.businessweek.com/ebiz/9911/em1103.htm. 
  53. ^ "U.S. At War: Trouble Ahead"Time, Feb 15, 1943. "FOOD: The Tenth Czar", Time, Apr 5, 1943. "US At War: Men Around Byrnes", Time, Oct 19, 1942. American Presidency Project. Exec order establishing the office Oct 3, 1942.
  54. ^ St. Clair, James and Gugin, Linda. "Chief Justice Fred M. Vinson of Kentucky: a political biography", Univ Press of Kentucky, 2002, p. xii.
  55. ^ "FOOD: The Tenth Czar", Time, Apr 5, 1943. "US At War: Men Around Byrnes", Oct 19, 1942. American Presidency Project. Exec order establishing the office, Oct 3, 1942.
  56. ^ Hamburger, Tom and Parsons, Christi. "President Obama's czar system concerns some", Los Angeles Times, Mar 5, 2009. Coile, Zachary. "Obama's big task: managing the best, brightest", San Francisco Chronicle, Jan 11, 2009.
  57. ^ Lovley, Erkia. "Czar (n): An insult; a problem-solver", Politico, Oct 21, 2008. Energy Policy Office, Nixon Presidential Library
  58. ^ Mufson, Steven and Heath, Thomas. "Wanted: Crisis Manager in Chief, A Key Challenge in Auto Bailout Is Finding 'Czar' to Oversee Change", Washington Post, Dec 10, 2008. "Energy Timeline", Energy.gov
  59. ^ American Presidency Project. Richard "Nixon: Remarks on Signing the Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974" May 7, 1974. American Presidency Project. "Gerald R. Ford: News Conference", Oct 24, 1974. "Carter at the Crossroads" , Time, Jul 23, 1979.
  60. ^ Quint, Michael." Profile, Frank G. Zarb His Formula", New York Times, Mar 28, 1993. NPR Interview."Frank Zarb CEO of the National Association of Securities Dealers", NPR.com, Jun 13, 2000.
  61. ^ "Schlesinger's Czardom Takes Shape", Time, Mar. 07, 1977. "Carter's Great Purge" Jul 30, 1979.
  62. ^ American Presidency Project. " Remarks on Signing Executive Orders With Respect to Faith-Based and Community Initiatives", Conn, Joesph. "Religious Right, Politics Have Undue Influence At White House, Ex-Faith Czar DiIulio Charges", Church & State, Jan, 2003.
  63. ^ Faith Czar Towey blasts 'militant secularism' at Catholic men's event", Church & State, Mar 2005, "Archived by Webcite". "President names Towey as Director of the Faith-Based & Community Initiatives", Feb 1, 2002. Jim Towey Whitehouse Bio.
  64. ^ Official biography."OFBCI Director Jay Hein", "George W. Bush White House Archives". Institute for Studies of Religion. "About Hein", Baylor.edu, accessed Aug 13, 2009. "Bush taps Indiana activist to be nation's new 'Faith Czar'", Sep 1, 2006.Bush names new faith-based czar Christianity Today, Sep 2006.
  65. ^ Boorstein, Michelle; Shear, Michael D. "DuBois, 26, to Head Faith Office", Washington Post, Jan 29, 2009. Goldstein, Laurie. "Leaders Say Obama Has Tapped Pastor for Outreach Office", The New York Times, Jan 28, 2009.Mason, Julie. "Obama focuses more on issue czars, less on Cabinet", San Francisco Examiner, Apr 21, 2009.
  66. ^ American Presidency ProjectExecutive Order 9280 Delegating Authority Over the Food Program to the Secretary of Agriculture, Dec 5, 1942. "FOOD: The Tenth Czar", Time, Apr 5, 1943."U.S. At War: Trouble Ahead"Time, Feb 15, 1943.
  67. ^ War Food Administration established by Exec Order 9334 on Apr 19, 1943. American Presidency Project Exec order terminating office "FOOD: The Tenth Czar", Time, Apr 5, 1943. American Presidency Project."Exec Order on Prices and Wages", Apr 8, 1943. "Letter of Resignation from Chester C. Davis, War Food Administrator",Jun 28, 1943.
  68. ^ American Presidency Project.Letter Accepting Resignation of Marvin Jones as War Food Administrator, May 23, 1945. "American Presidency Project, Executive Order 9577 - Terminating the War Food Administration, Jun 29, 1945.
  69. ^ American Presidency Project. "Letter to the Chairman, Citizens Food Committee", Nov 20, 1947. Pearson, Drew. "Congressmen Unwittingly Dined by Vitriolic Publicity Man" St. Petersburg Times, Dec 3, 1947.
  70. ^ Seabrook, Andrea."What's With This 'Czar' Talk?", NPR, May 16, 2007. Benen, Steve. "Wish upon a Czar", American Prospect, May 9. 2007, archived by WebCite. Zaldivar, Ricardo Alonso. "Can new food safety czar mend "broken" system?", The Seattle Times, May 2, 2007
  71. ^ Epstein, Edward. Retired drug company executive named global AIDS czar, San Francisco Chronicle, Jul 3, 2003, archived by WebCite. Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN932-108, confirmed Oct 3, 2003. Enter search PN1815-109, successor nominated Jul 18, 2006.
  72. ^ Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN1815-109, Confirmed Aug 3, 2006. McNeil, Donald. "Mystery, controversy dog AIDS czar transition", San Francisco Chronicle, Jan 31, 2009
  73. ^ Flesher, John, A.P. EPA appoints Great Lakes clean up czar, Jun 4, 2009. Archived by WebCite.
  74. ^ http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/09/03/10/Van-Jones-to-CEQ/
  75. ^ Rosenberg, Carol. "Fried named as Guantanamo Closure Czar", The State, May 13, 2009.
  76. ^ Pear, Robert.Washington at Work; An Idealist's New Task: To Revamp Health Care Feb 26, 1993. Solomon, Jolie. "For Magaziner, Reform Is The Road To Paradise", Newsweek, Sep 20, 1993. Maria Seminerio (December 1, 1998). "US Report: US to spur third-world e-commerce". ZDNet. http://news.zdnet.co.uk/internet/0,1000000097,2070080,00.htm.  "White House Rejects Call to Can Internet Czar". Wired News. December 29, 1997. http://www.wired.com/politics/law/news/1997/12/9398.  Richard S. Dunham (Nev 3, 1999). "She's Weaving Web Policy from the West Wing". Business Week. http://www.businessweek.com/ebiz/9911/em1103.htm. 
  77. ^ Office of Press Secretary. Executive Order, Establishment of the White House Office of Health Reform, WhiteHouse.gov, Apr 8, 2009. Brown, Carrie Budoff. Obama taps DeParle as health czar, Politico, Mar 2, 2009.
  78. ^ AP."New York lawmakers ask Obama to rehire 9/11 health czar", Feb 23, 2009. AP. "Bush administration to replace health czar for World Trade Center", AJC.com, Jul 4, 2008. "The World Trade Center (WTC)Medical Monitoring and Treatment Program - A Unique NIOSH Funded Program for the Heroes of 9/11",CDC.gov, Pub. 109, 2007.
  79. ^ News Release. "Secretary Thompson, Seeking Fastest Possible Results, Names First Health Information Technology Coordinator", May 6, 2004. "David J. Brailer Resigns as Health IT Czar", "ANSI News, Apr 20, 2006.
  80. ^ a b "Defender In Chief"] Time, Nov 5, 2001. Romesh, Ratnesar "Can He Fix It", Time, Jun 17, 2002. American Presidency Project. Swearing-In Ceremony, Oct 8, 2001.
  81. ^ Ireland, Doug."Dirty Little Secrets Bush’s Homeland Security czar Mike Chertoff and his days in New Jersey", LAWeekly.com, Jan 13, 2005, archived by WebCite. Michael Chertoff "US Homeland Security Czar", NNDB.com accessed Aug 12, 2009. "Bush names new US security chief", BBC.com.
  82. ^ "Phil Magano" The Bush administration's homeless czar talks, LA Times, Oct 4, 2007. Appointed in Mar 2002, Univercity Connections, Phil Magano biography. Participated in 2008 study as Director of ICH, Philip Magano Commencement Address, Apr 2009.
  83. ^ Pearson, Drew. "The Daily Washington Merry-Go-Round, Rooking War Veterans", Prescott Evening Courier, Apr 13, 1946. American Presidency Project. "Letter to Wilson Wyatt Appointing Him Housing Expediter", Dec 12, 1945. American Presidency Project. "Letter Accepting Resignation of Wilson Wyatt as Housing Expediter" Dec 4, 1946.
  84. ^ Seabrook, Andrea."What's With This 'Czar' Talk?", NPR, May 16, 2007. Hsu, Spencer."A Bush Loyalist Tackles Katrina Recovery", Washington Post, Nov 20, 2005. Wald, Matthew L. "Bush’s Czar to Rebuild Gulf Coast Is Resigning", New York Times, Mar 1, 2008.
  85. ^ Time, Apr 24, 1978. Loeb, Marshall. "What Might Have Been",Time, Nov 6, 1978. Glassman, James K. Close, But No Big Czar, ReasonOnLine.com, Dec 18, 2000.
  86. ^ "Inflation Czar Will Take Apart His Title", Cornell Chronicle, Jul 14, 1983.
  87. ^ Thomas LOC. E Government Act, 2002. President Obama Names Vivek Kundra,WhiteHouse.gov, Mar 9, 2009. Carpenter, Amanda. "Hot Button", Washington Times, Jun 15, 2009, archived by WebCite.
  88. ^ "Bush Backs Creation of Intelligence Czar", Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN329-109, confirmed Apr 21, 2005. "Negroponte picked for intelligence czar",MSNBC.com, Feb 17, 2005. [1] "White House Counsel Harriet Miers Resigns, Negroponte to Shift Seats" Fox News, Jan 04, 2007.
  89. ^ Branigin, William. "Bush Backs Creation of Intelligence Czar","Intelligence czar reveals details"Virginian Pilot, Aug 23, 2007. Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN206-110, confirmed Feb 07, 2007.
  90. ^ Eisler, Peter. "Obama's choice of Blair as intelligence czar covers bases", USA Today, Jan 8, 2009. Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN65-01-111, confirmed, Jan 28, 2009.
  91. ^ Holland, Steve. "Obama fashions a government of many czars", Reuters, May 29, 2009, archived by WebCite.
  92. ^ "U.S. At War: Trouble Ahead"Time, Feb 15, 1943. American Presidency Project. Exec Order establishing the commission,"Exec Order assigning functions to the Dept of Labor.
  93. ^ Set Aside Alert."President Bush has nominated Albert Frink","AllBusiness.com", Apr 16, 2004. "Senators tell government's new Mfg. czar to concentrate on China and unfair trade", Manufacturing and Technology News Jul 24, 2004. Price, Deb. "The invisible manufacturing czar", The Detroit News, Apr 28, 2006. Klein, Liese. "Manufacturing Czar Steps Down, Business New Haven, Jan 8, 2007, archived by WebCite.
  94. ^ New Manufacturing 'Czar' Will Have a Full Plate of Issues", MA News, Sep 29, 2007. Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN522-110, confirmed Aug 03, 2007.
  95. ^ Bureaus reporting directly to the Secretary. "Special Envoy for Middle East Peace", State.gov. Fletcher, Michael A. and Dennis, Brady.Obama's Many Policy 'Czars' Draw Ire From Conservatives, Washington Post, Sep 16, 2009.
  96. ^ "Questionable concern about mine safety", San Diego Union Tribune, Aug 23, 2007. "The deeper danger of Crandall Canyon", Los Angeles Times, Aug 23, 2007. "Richard Stickler: Mine Safety Czar Fails To Live Up To His Name Utah Mining Association Newsletter, Jan 8, 2008. Position is Presidential Appointment, Senate Confirmed per 2008 Plum Book 2008 Plum Book.
  97. ^ "History of Minuteman Missile Sites, National Park Service, 1995, archived by WebCite. "Knowland tells why he backed Gardner delay", LA Times Archives, Aug 20, 1954. "The Administration, Trevor & the Missiles", Time, Feb 20, 1956.
  98. ^ "Wilson Gets Blank Check as Czar of Mobilization", The Evening Independent, Dec 16, 1950, page 1. Paul G. Pierpaoli Jr. Truman’s Other War:The Battle for the American Homefront, 1950-1953, Organization of American Historians, OAH Magazine of History, Volume 14, No 3 , Spring 2000. American Presidency Project/ Resignation, Mar 30, 1952.
  99. ^ "Tracking the Oil", Time, Sep 8, 1941. "Oil In Search of a Policy", Time, Dec 27, 1943. American Presidency Project. "Appointment of Harold L. Ickes as Petroleum Coordinator for National Defense", May 28, 1941. Text of Secretary Ickes' Letter of Resignation to the President Ending 13 Years in Office, New York Times, Feb 14, 1946.
  100. ^ Pearson, Drew. "Drew Pearson on Washington Merry-Go-Round, Sec. Ickes' Last Battle", Virgin Island Daily News, Feb 19, 1946. American Presidency Project. Nominated,Resigned
  101. ^ Thomas LOC, Presidential Nomination: PN418-111, confirmed June 19, 2009. Goler, Wendell."Obama's Army of Czars Raises Concerns About Executive Power", FoxNews.com, Jul 16, 2009, archived by WebCite
  102. ^ Sullivan, Andrew. "Too tired to think: team Bush loses its way", Times On Line, Mar 13, 2006. archived by Webcite. American Presidency Project. "Press Gaggle with Scott McClellan", Feb 8, 2005. Rutenberg, Jim. "Adviser who shaped Bush's speeches is leaving", New York Times, Jun 15, 2006.
  103. ^ "Hendersno Quits Price Czar Job", St. Petersburg Times, Jan 17, 1943. Exec Order establishing the Office of Price Administration and Civilian Supply, Apr 11, 1941. Press Conference, Apr 11, 1941. "Henderson Quits:Capital Expects Brown to Head OPA", New York Times, Dec 17, 1942.
  104. ^ "U.S. At War: Enter Grimly", Time, Dec 28, 1942.
  105. ^ Appointed 1943. American Presidency Project. "Statement by the President Commending the Office of Price Administration", ended May 1, 1945. Archived 2009-10-31.
  106. ^ American Presidency Project. Remarks at a Meeting of the Cost of Living Council, Nov 15, 1971. "The Economy: The Take-Charge Price Czar", Time, Dec 20, 1971.
  107. ^ "U.S. At War: Trouble Ahead"Time, Feb 15, 1943. American Presidency Project."Executive Order 9024 Establishing the War Production Board", Jan 16, 1942.
  108. ^ American Presidency Project. "Letter Accepting Resignation of J. A. Krug as Chairman of the War Production Board", Oct 5, 1945.
  109. ^ Kamen, Al. "Instead of Plum Appointments, Maybe A Lump of Coal", Washington Post, Dec 14, 2007. Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN679-109, confirmed Jul 29, 2005.
  110. ^ Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN1133-110, confirmed Jun 4, 2008. Kamen, Al. "Get Thee to an Airport"Washington Post, Jun 10, 2008.
  111. ^ Manzo, Kathleen Kennedy. "National Reading Czar to Leave Public Sector for Teacher Ed. Venture". "Education Week", Jun 8, 2005. "G. Reid Lyon, PhD—Ex-officio Member of the President's Commission on Excellence in Special Education", Archived Information, U.S Department of Education, Dec 13, 2001.
  112. ^ Pearson, Drew. "Truman's First 6 Months Good President Needs To Watch Friends", St. Petersburg Times, Oct 12, 1945, p. 6. "Oral History Interviews with John W. Snyder", TrumanLibrary.org
  113. ^ "Regulations Czar Prefers New Path",New York Times, Mar 21, 2001. Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN213-107 confirmed Jul 19, 2001, PN1875-109, successor nominated, Aug 1, 2006.
  114. ^ Hoover, Kent. "Bush appoints regulatory czar, avoids confirmation battle", BizJounals.com, Apr 16. 2007. Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN1875-109, Aug 1, 2006, PN94-110, Jan 9, 2007, PN577-110, Jan 2, 2009, never confirmed. Stayed in office as a recess appointment. Weisman, Jonathan and Bravin, Jess "Obama's Regulatory Czar Likely to Set a New Tone", The Wall Street Journal, Jan 8, 2009.
  115. ^ Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN323-111, confirmed Sep 9, 2009. Weisman, Jonathan and Bravin Jess. Obama's Regulatory Czar Likely to Set a New Tone, Wall Street Journal, Jan 8, 2009.
  116. ^ American Presidency Project. "Executive Order 9246 on Coordination and Control of the Rubber Program" Sep 17, 1942. Jeffers appointed on Sep 17, 1942. Eiler, Keith E. "Mobilizing America: Robert P. Patterson and the war effort, 1940-1945", Cornell Univ Press, 1997, p. 272. "Confident Exit",Time, Sep 13, 1943
  117. ^ "People - Ryan in Wings as Savings and Loan Czar", Los Angeles Times, Mar 9, 1990. Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN1161-101, confirmed, PN196-105 successor nominated.
  118. ^ Special Report Tech. "A Talk with Bush's Science Czar", Mar 16, 2004. About OSTP. "Previous Science Advisors" "OSTP.gov"
  119. ^ Goler, Wendell. Questions Raised Over Influence of Obama 'Czars', FoxNews.com, July 13, 2009. Jones, Richard M. Senate Confirms Holdren as new OSTP Director, American Institute of Physics Bulletin of Science and Policy News", Mar 20, 2009. Archived by Webcite
  120. ^ "Failure", Time, May 18, 1942. American Presidency Project. Executive Order Establishing the War Shipping Administration, Feb 7, 1942. American Presidency Project. Letter Accepting Resignation of Admiral Land as Administrator, War Shipping Administration, Jan 4, 1946
  121. ^ Position created statute: American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 HR1, 2009. [Halperin, Mark. "Obama to Name Stimulus Oversight Czar",Time, Feb 22, 2009.
  122. ^ Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations: PN426, confirmed by Senate as Assoc Dir. of OSTP, May 19, 2009. Weekly Address, WhiteHouse.gov", Apr 18, 2009.
  123. ^ Position created.Presidential Decision Directive 63, May 1998. "Leung, Rebecca. "Clarke's Take On Terror", CBS News, Mar 21, 2004, archived by WebCite. Borger, Julian. Bush ignored terror threat, claims ex-aide, UK Guardian, Mar 22, 2004, archived by WebCite.
  124. ^ Leung, Rebecca."Clarke's Take On Terror", CBS News, Mar 21, 2004, archived by Webcite. Borger, Julian. "Bush ignored terror threat, claims ex-aide", Guardian, Mar 22, 2004, archived by WebCite.
  125. ^ Office of Press Secretary. Personnel Announcement, GeorgeWBushWhitehouse.com, Oct 9 2001. Bernstein, Adam. "Gen. Wayne Downing, Deputy National Security Adviser", Washington Post, Jul 18, 2007. Calmes, Jackie. "Corporate Crimes Strain Agencies Already Tasked With Antiterrorism", Wall Street Journal, Jun 22, 2002, archived by Webcite.
  126. ^ Smith, R. Jeffrey. Obama Taps CIA Veteran As Adviser On Terror, Washington Post, Jan 8, 2009. Carpenter, Amanda. [http://www.webcitation.org/5jODcVHfO "Hot Button", Washington Times, Jun 15, 2009. archived by WebCite.
  127. ^ Tucker, Ray. "News Behind the News" The Evening Independent, Jul 16, 1941. American Presidency Project. Executive Order establishing the office. Dec 18, 1941.
  128. ^ J. Monroe Johnson Papers, 1894-1964 University S Carolina Libraries. United Press. "Transport Plan in Operation Eugene Register-Guard, May 24, 1946. American Presidency Project"Exec Order 10065 - Termination of the Office of Defense Transportation", Jul 6, 1949.
  129. ^ Office of the Press Secretary. President Barack Obama Announces Key White House Posts, WhiteHouse.gov, Feb 19, 2009. Meckler, Laura. 'Czars' Ascend at White House, Wall Street Journal, Dec 15, 2008.
  130. ^ a b "Bush picks Gen. Lute as "war czar" for Iraq", Stolberg, Sheryl. [2], New York Times, May 16, 2007. Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN599-110 confirmed Jun 28, 2007.
  131. ^ Cole, August. "Obama's Pick for Weapons Czar Will Target Cost Overruns", Wall Street Journal, Mar 26, 2009. Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN207-111, confirmed Apr 23, 2009.
  132. ^ "Gary Samore Tapped for Weapons of Mass Destruction 'Czar'", Fox News, Jan 29, 2009. Arms Control Update. "Press Briefing by Gary Samore and Denis McDonough", Apr 5, 2009.
  133. ^ Sickinger, Ted. "Energy efficiency advocates press state for speedy action on new programs", The Oregonian, Aug 13, 2009. "Weatherization Assistance Program Technical Assistance Center", accessed Sept 2, 2009 "Plum Book", GPOAccess.gov
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