List of reptiles of Northern America

This is a checklist of American reptiles found north from Mexico, based primarily on SSAR publications.^[1]^[2]^[3] It includes all species of the United States and Canada, including recently introduced species such as Chameleons, the Nile monitor, and the Burmese python. Subspecies are listed only in a few cases. The information about range and status of almost all of these species can be found also in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species site.^[4]

* alien species

Summary of 2006 IUCN Red List categories.

Conservation status – IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:

EX – Extinct, EW – Extinct in the wild
CR – Critically endangered, EN – Endangered, VU – Vulnerable
NT – Near threatened, LC – Least concern
DD – Data deficient, NE – Not evaluated
(v. 2013.2, the data is current as of March 5, 2014^[5])

and Endangered Species Act:

E – Endangered, T – Threatened
XN, XE – Experimental non-essential or essential population
E(S/A), T(S/A) – Endangered or threatened due to similarity of appearance
(the data is current as of March 28, 2014^[6])

Crocodilia

Order: Crocodilia

Alligators

Family: Alligatoridae

American alligator Alligator mississippiensis LC T(S/A)
Spectacled caiman Caiman crocodilus * LC

Crocodiles

Family: Crocodylidae

Subfamily: Crocodylinae

American crocodile Crocodylus acutus VU E (FL: T only)

Turtles

Order: Testudines

Pleurodira

Suborder: Pleurodira

Podocnemididae

Family: Podocnemididae Side-necked turtles

Yellow-spotted Amazon River turtle Podocnemis unifilis * ^[7] VU^{[n 1]}

Cryptodira

Suborder: Cryptodira

Tortoises

Family: Testudinidae

Gopher tortoises

Gopher tortoise Gopherus polyphemus VU T
Berlandier's tortoise Gopherus berlandieri LR/lc
Bolson tortoise Gopherus flavomarginatus VU
Mohave Desert tortoise Gopherus agassizii VU T
(AZ south and east of Colorado R.: T(S/A) only) and:
- Sonoran Desert tortoise Gopherus morafkai (formerly in G. agassizii)

Typical tortoises

Indian star tortoise Geochelone elegans * ^[7]^{[n 1]}

Pond turtles

Family: Emydidae

Subfamily: Emydinae

Pond turtles

Species split from former Western pond turtle (Actinemys marmorata) VU:^[3]
- Northwestern pond turtle Actinemys (marmorata) marmorata ^{[n 2]}
- Southwestern pond turtle Actinemys (marmorata) pallida ^{[n 2]}
Spotted turtle Clemmys guttata EN
Wood turtle Glyptemys insculpta EN
Bog turtle Glyptemys muhlenbergii CR T
(GA, NC, SC, TN, VA: T(S/A) only)

Blanding's turtle

Blanding’s turtle Emydoidea blandingii EN

Box turtles

Eastern box turtle Terrapene carolina VU and:
- Florida box turtle Terrapene (carolina) bauri ^{[n 2]} (formerly in T. carolina)
Ornate box turtle Terrapene ornata NT

Subfamily: Deirochelyinae

Sliders

Pond slider Trachemys scripta LC
Mexican plateau slider Trachemys gaigeae VU
Jamaican slider Trachemys terrapen * ^[7] VU^{[n 1]}

Painted turtles

Painted turtle Chrysemys picta LC and:
- Southern painted turtle Chrysemys dorsalis ^{[n 2]} (formerly in Ch. picta)

Chicken turtles

Chicken turtle Deirochelys reticularia

Map turtles

Barbour’s map turtle Graptemys barbouri VU
Cagle’s map turtle Graptemys caglei EN
Escambia map turtle Graptemys ernsti NT
Yellow-blotched map turtle Graptemys flavimaculata VU T
Northern map turtle Graptemys geographica LC
Pascagoula map turtle Graptemys gibbonsi EN and:
- Pearl river map turtle Graptemys pearlensis EN ^[3] (formerly in G. gibbonsi)
Black-knobbed map turtle Graptemys nigrinoda LC
Ringed map turtle Graptemys oculifera VU T
Species split from the Ouachita map turtle (Graptemys ouachitensis) LC:
- Ouachita map turtle Graptemys (ouachitensis) ouachitensis ^[3]^{[n 2]}
- Sabine map turtle Graptemys (ouachitensis) sabinensis ^[3]^{[n 2]}
False map turtle Graptemys pseudogeographica LC
Alabama map turtle Graptemys pulchra NT
Texas map turtle Graptemys versa LC

Diamond-backed terrapin

Diamond-backed terrapin Malaclemys terrapin VU

Redbelly turtles and cooters

Alabama red-bellied cooter Pseudemys alabamensis EN E
River cooter Pseudemys concinna LC and:
- Suwannee cooter Pseudemys suwanniensis ^{[n 2]} (formerly in P. concinna)
Rio Grande cooter Pseudemys gorzugi NT
Florida red-bellied cooter Pseudemys nelsoni LC
Peninsula cooter Pseudemys peninsularis LC
Northern red-bellied cooter Pseudemys rubriventris NT (Plymouth red-bellied turtle P. r. bangsi: E)
Texas cooter Pseudemys texana LC

Cheloniidae

Family: Cheloniidae

Olive Ridley sea turtle Lepidochelys olivacea VU T
Loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta VU (North Pacific: E, Northwest Atlantic: T)
Kemp's Ridley sea turtle Lepidochelys kempii CR E
Green sea turtle Chelonia mydas EN T
(Hawaiian subpopulation: LC, Breeding colony populations in FL: E)
Hawksbill sea turtle Eretmochelys imbricata CR E

Dermochelyidae

Family: Dermochelyidae

Leatherback sea turtle Dermochelys coriacea VU E
(East Pacific Ocean subpopulation – i.e. Hawaiian Is.: CR, West Pacific Ocean subpopulation: CR, Northwest Atlantic Ocean subpopulation: EN)

Chelydridae

Family: Chelydridae

Snapping turtles

Snapping turtle Chelydra serpentina LC

Alligator snapping turtles

Species split from the Alligator snapping turtle (Macrochelys temminckii) VU:
- Alligator snapping turtle Macrochelys temminckii ^[3] including:
  - Apalachicola alligator snapping turtle Macrochelys apalachicolae ^{[n 3]} (currently not recognized)
- Suwannee alligator snapping turtle Macrochelys suwanniensis ^[3]

Kinosternidae

Family: Kinosternidae

Mud turtles

Arizona mud turtle Kinosternon (flavescens) stejnegeri^[7]^{[n 3]}
(formerly Kinosternon arizonense^[3] LC)
Striped mud turtle Kinosternon baurii LC
Yellow mud turtle Kinosternon flavescens LC
Rough-footed mud turtle Kinosternon hirtipes LC
Sonora mud turtle Kinosternon sonoriense NT
Species split from the Eastern mud turtle (Kinosternon subrubrum) LC:
- Eastern mud turtle Kinosternon subrubrum ^[3]
- Florida mud turtle Kinosternon (subrubrum) steindachneri ^[3]^{[n 2]}

Musk turtles

Razor-backed musk turtle Sternotherus carinatus LC
Flattened musk turtle Sternotherus depressus CR T
Loggerhead musk turtle Sternotherus minor LC and:
- Stripe-necked musk turtle Sternotherus (minor) peltifer ^[7]^{[n 4]}^{[n 3]} (split from S. minor)
Intermediate musk turtle Sternotherus intermedius^[7]^{[n 3]}
Eastern musk turtle Sternotherus odoratus LC

Giant musk turtles

Pacific Coast Giant Musk Turtle Staurotypus salvinii * ^[3] LR/nt

Trionychidae

Family: Trionychidae Softshells

Florida softshell Apalone ferox LC
Smooth softshell Apalone mutica LC
Spiny softshell Apalone spinifera LC
Wattle-necked softshell Palea steindachneri * CR (Hawaii only)
Chinese softshell Pelodiscus sinensis * VU (Hawaii only)

Squamata

Order: Squamata (scaled reptiles)

Iguania

Suborder: Iguania

Agamidae

Family: Agamidae Agamas

Subfamily: Agaminae

Peters’s Rock Agama Agama picticauda * ^[3]
Indochinese bloodsucker Calotes mystaceus * ^[1]^[7]^{[n 1]}
Variable bloodsucker Calotes versicolor * LC

Subfamily: Leiolepidinae

Butterfly lizard Leiolepis belliana *
Red-banded butterfly lizard Leiolepis rubritaeniata *

Chamaeleonidae

Family: Chamaeleonidae Chameleons

Subfamily: Chamaeleoninae

Veiled chameleon Chamaeleo calyptratus * LC
Jackson's chameleon Trioceros jacksonii *
Oustalet's chameleon Furcifer oustaleti * LC
Panther Chameleon Furcifer pardalis * ^[3] LC

Crotaphytidae

Family: Crotaphytidae Collared and leopard lizards

Collared lizards

Great Basin collared lizard Crotaphytus bicinctores LC
Eastern collared lizard Crotaphytus collaris LC
Sonoran collared lizard Crotaphytus nebrius LC
Reticulate collared lizard Crotaphytus reticulatus VU
Baja California collared lizard Crotaphytus vestigium LC

Leopard lizards

Cope’s leopard lizard Gambelia copeii LC
Blunt-nosed leopard lizard Gambelia sila EN E
Long-nosed leopard lizard Gambelia wislizenii LC

Iguanidae

Family: Iguanidae Iguanas

Isla San Esteban spiny-tailed iguana Ctenosaura conspicuosa *
Sonoran spiny-tailed iguana Ctenosaura macrolopha *
Mexican spiny-tailed iguana Ctenosaura pectinata *
Gray's spiny-tailed iguana Ctenosaura similis * LC
Desert iguana Dipsosaurus dorsalis LC
Green iguana Iguana iguana *

Chuckwallas

Common chuckwalla Sauromalus ater LC

Phrynosomatidae

Family: Phrynosomatidae

Zebratail lizards

Zebra-tailed lizard Callisaurus draconoides LC

Greater earless lizards

Greater earless lizard Cophosaurus texanus LC

Lesser earless lizards

Species split from the spot-tailed earless lizard (Holbrookia lacerata) NT:
- Northern Spot-tailed Earless Lizard Holbrookia lacerata ^{[n 5]}
- Southern spot-tailed earless lizard Holbrookia (lacerata) subcaudalis^[7]^{[n 4]}^{[n 3]}
Species split from the common lesser earless lizard (Holbrookia maculata):
- Common lesser earless lizard Holbrookia maculata LC and:
  - Speckled earless lizard Holbrookia (maculata) approximans^[8]^{[n 5]}^{[n 3]} (currently not recognized,^[7] split from H. maculata)
- Elegant earless lizard Holbrookia elegans LC
Keeled earless lizard Holbrookia propinqua LC

Banded rock lizards

Mearns’s rock lizard Petrosaurus mearnsi LC

Horned lizards

Texas horned lizard Phrynosoma cornutum LC and:
- Blainville's horned lizard Phrynosoma blainvillii (formerly in P. cornutum)
Short-horned lizards (Phrynosoma douglasii species complex):^[9]
- Pygmy short-horned lizard Phrynosoma douglasii LC
- Species treated by SSAR as subspecies^[3] of the greater short-horned lizard (Phrynosoma hernandesi) LC
  - Hernandez’s short-horned lizard Phrynosoma hernandesi^[9]
  - Plains short-horned lizard Phrynosoma brevirostris^[7]^[9]^{[n 3]}
  - New Mexico short-horned lizard Phrynosoma ornatissimum^[7]^[9]^{[n 3]}
  - Baur’s short-horned lizard Phrynosoma bauri^[7]^[9]^{[n 3]}
  - San Luis Valley short-horned lizard Phrynosoma diminutum^[7]^[9]^{[n 3]}
Desert horned lizard Phrynosoma platyrhinos LC and:
- Goode's horned lizard Phrynosoma goodei (formerly in Phrynosoma platyrhinos)
Flat-tailed horned lizard Phrynosoma mcallii NT
Round-tailed horned lizard Phrynosoma modestum LC
Regal horned lizard Phrynosoma solare LC

Spiny lizards

Dunes sagebrush lizard Sceloporus arenicolus VU
Desert spiny lizard Sceloporus magister LC and:
- Twin-spotted spiny lizard Sceloporus bimaculosus (formerly in Sceloporus magister)
Yellow-backed spiny lizard Sceloporus uniformis (formerly in Sceloporus magister)
Clark's spiny lizard Sceloporus clarkii LC
Species split from the eastern fence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus) LC:
- Eastern fence lizard Sceloporus undulatus
- Prairie lizard Sceloporus consobrinus
- Southwestern fence lizard Sceloporus cowlesi
- Plateau fence lizard Sceloporus tristichus
Rough-scaled lizard Sceloporus serrifer LC ^[7]^{[n 3]} and:
- Blue spiny lizard Sceloporus cyanogenys ^{[n 2]} (formerly in Sceloporus serrifer LC)
Common sagebrush lizard Sceloporus graciosus LC and:
- Southern sagebrush lizard Sceloporus (graciosus) vandenburgianus LC ^[10]^{[n 4]}^{[n 3]} (split from S. graciosus)
Graphic spiny lizard Sceloporus grammicus LC
Yarrow’s spiny lizard Sceloporus jarrovii LC
Canyon lizard Sceloporus merriami LC
Western fence lizard Sceloporus occidentalis LC and:
Island fence lizard Sceloporus becki^[7]^{[n 4]}^{[n 3]} (split from S. occidentalis)
Texas spiny lizard Sceloporus olivaceus LC
Granite spiny lizard Sceloporus orcutti LC
Crevice spiny lizard Sceloporus poinsettii LC
Slevin's bunchgrass lizard Sceloporus slevini LC
Rose-bellied lizard Sceloporus variabilis LC, but only:
- Texas rose-bellied lizard Sceloporus (variabilis) marmoratus^[7]^{[n 4]}^{[n 3]} (split from S. variabilis)
Striped plateau lizard Sceloporus virgatus LC
Florida scrub lizard Sceloporus woodi NT
Ornate spiny lizard Sceloporus ornatus^[7] NT^{[n 1]}

Fringe-toed lizards

Coachella fringe-toed lizard Uma inornata EN T
Colorado Desert fringe-toed lizard Uma notata NT and:
- Yuman fringe-toed lizard Uma rufopunctata NT (formerly in U. notata)
Mohave fringe-toed lizard Uma scoparia LC

Tree and brush lizards

Long-tailed brush lizard Urosaurus graciosus LC
Small-scaled lizard Urosaurus microscutatus (formerly merged with U. nigricaudus LC)^[3]
Ornate tree lizard Urosaurus ornatus LC

Side-blotched lizards

Common sideblotched lizard Uta stansburiana LC

Dactyloidae

Family: Dactyloidae Anoles

Anoles

Green anole Anolis carolinensis LC
Hispaniolan green anole Anolis chlorocyanus *
Large-headed anole Anolis cybotes *
Knight anole Anolis equestris *
Cuban green anole Anolis porcatus *
Crested anole Anolis cristatellus *
Species split from the bark anole (Anolis distichus):
- Bark anole Anolis distichus * ^{[n 6]}
- Anolis (distichus) dominicensis * ^[7]^{[n 4]}^{[n 1]}
- Anolis (distichus) ignigularis * ^[7]^{[n 4]}^{[n 1]}
Allison's anole Anolis allisoni * ^[7]^{[n 1]}
Comb anole Anolis ferreus *
Jamaican giant anole Anolis garmani *
Brown anole Anolis sagrei *
Saint Vincent's bush anole Anolis trinitatis *

Polychrotidae

Family: Polychrotidae

Many-colored bush anole Polychrus marmoratus * (probably introduced)^[7]^{[n 1]}

Corytophanidae

Family: Corytophanidae Casquehead lizards

Brown basilisk Basiliscus vittatus *

Leiocephalidae

Family: Leiocephalidae Curly-tailed lizards

Northern curly-tailed lizard Leiocephalus carinatus * LC
Red-sided curly-tailed lizard Leiocephalus schreibersii * LC

Gekkota

Suborder: Gekkota

Gekkonidae

Family: Gekkonidae geckos

Subfamily: Gekkoninae

Moorish gecko Tarentola mauritanica * LC
Ringed wall gecko Tarentola annularis *
Common house gecko Hemidactylus frenatus * LC
Indo-Pacific house gecko Hemidactylus garnotii * ^{[n 7]}
Wood slave Hemidactylus mabouia *
Sri Lankan spotted house gecko Hemidactylus parvimaculatus *
Asian flat-tailed house gecko Hemidactylus platyurus *
Mediterranean gecko Hemidactylus turcicus * ^[3] LC
Indo-Pacific tree gecko Hemiphyllodactylus typus * ^{[n 7]} (Hawaii only)
Peninsula leaf-toed gecko Phyllodactylus nocticolus LC
(sometimes treated as subspecies of the Xantus' leaf-toed gecko Phyllodactylus xanti LC ^{[n 3]})
Reef gecko Sphaerodactylus notatus LC
Ocellated gecko Sphaerodactylus argus *
Ashy gecko Sphaerodactylus elegans *
Gray gecko Sphaerodactylus cinereus^[7] VU^{[n 3]}
Bibron's sand gecko Chondrodactylus bibronii * ^[1]^[7]^{[n 3]}
Rough-tailed gecko Cyrtopodion scabrum * LC
Mutilating gecko Gehyra mutilata * (Hawaii only)
Golden gecko Gekko badenii' * EN
Tokay gecko Gekko gecko *
Yellow-headed gecko Gonatodes albogularis *
Mourning gecko Lepidodactylus lugubris * ^{[n 7]}
Madagascan giant day gecko Phelsuma grandis * LC
Orange-spotted day gecko Phelsuma guimbeaui * (Hawaii only)
Gold dust day gecko Phelsuma laticauda * LC

Subfamily: Eublepharinae

Banded geckos

Texas banded gecko Coleonyx brevis LC
Reticulate banded gecko Coleonyx reticulatus LC
Switak's banded gecko Coleonyx switaki LC
Western banded gecko Coleonyx variegatus LC

Autarchoglossa

Suborder: Autarchoglossa

Lacertidae

Family: Lacertidae Wall or true lizards

Subfamily: Lacertinae

Western green lacerta Lacerta bilineata * LC
Common wall lizard Podarcis muralis * LC
Italian wall lizard Podarcis siculus * LC

Scincidae

Family: Scincidae Skinks

Subfamily: Scincinae

Coal skink Plestiodon anthracinus LC
Mountain skink Plestiodon callicephalus LC
Mole skink Plestiodon egregius LC (Blue-tailed mole skink P. e. lividus: T)
Five-lined skink Plestiodon fasciatus LC
Gilbert’s skink Plestiodon gilberti LC
Southeastern five-lined skink Plestiodon inexpectatus LC
Broad-headed skink Plestiodon laticeps LC
Many-lined skink Plestiodon multivirgatus LC
Great Plains skink Plestiodon obsoletus LC
Prairie skink Plestiodon septentrionalis LC
Western skink Plestiodon skiltonianus LC
Four-lined skink Plestiodon tetragrammus LC
Florida sand skink Plestiodon reynoldsi VU T
Ocellated skink Chalcides ocellatus * ^[3]

Subfamily: Lygosominae

Brown mabuya Mabuya multifasciata *
Little brown skink Scincella lateralis LC
Pacific snake-eyed skink Cryptoblepharus poecilopleurus * (Hawaii only)
Copper-tailed skink Emoia cyanura * (Hawaii only)
Azure-tailed skink Emoia impar * LC (Hawaii only)
Plague skink Lampropholis delicata * (Hawaii only)
Moth skink Lipinia noctua * (Hawaii only)
African five-lined skink Trachylepis quinquetaeniata *

Anguidae

Family: Anguidae

Subfamily: Anguinae

Glass lizards

Slender glass lizard Ophisaurus attenuatus LC
Island glass lizard Ophisaurus compressus LC
Mimic glass lizard Ophisaurus mimicus LC
Eastern glass lizard Ophisaurus ventralis LC

Subfamily: Gerrhonotinae

Western alligator lizards

Northern alligator lizard Elgaria coerulea LC
Madrean alligator lizard Elgaria kingii LC
Southern alligator lizard Elgaria multicarinata LC
Panamint alligator lizard Elgaria panamintina VU

Eastern alligator lizards

Texas alligator lizard Gerrhonotus infernalis LC

Anniellidae

Family: Anniellidae American legless lizards

California legless lizards

Species split from the California legless lizard (Anniella pulchra) LC:
- Temblor legless lizard Anniella alexanderae ^[3]
- Big Spring legless lizard Anniella campi ^[3]
- Bakersfield legless lizard Anniella grinnelli ^[3]
- Northern legless lizard Anniella pulchra ^[3]
- San Diegan legless lizard Anniella stebbinsi ^[3]

Helodermatidae

Family: Helodermatidae Gila monsters

Gila monster Heloderma suspectum NT

Teiidae

Family: Teiidae Tegus or whiptails

Giant ameiva Ameiva ameiva *
Dusky giant ameiva Ameiva praesignis *
Species split from the canyon spotted whiptail (Aspidoscelis burti) LC:
- Giant spotted whiptail Aspidoscelis (burti) stictogramma ^{[n 2]}
- Red-backed whiptail Aspidoscelis xanthonota ^{[n 2]}
Chihuahuan spotted whiptail Aspidoscelis exsanguis LC ^{[n 7]}
Common spotted whiptail Aspidoscelis gularis LC
Orange-throated whiptail Aspidoscelis hyperythra LC
Species split from Aspidoscelis inornata:
- Little striped whiptail Aspidoscelis inornata LC (diploid) and:
  - Little white whiptail Aspidoscelis (inornata) gypsi VU ^{[n 8]}^{[n 3]} (split from A. inornata)
  - Pai striped whiptail Aspidoscelis (inornata) pai LC ^{[n 8]}^{[n 3]} (split from A. inornata)
  - Arizona striped whiptail Aspidoscelis (inornata) arizonae NT ^{[n 8]}^{[n 3]} (split from A. inornata)
- Plateau striped whiptail Aspidoscelis velox LC ^{[n 7]}(triploid)
Neaves’ whiptail Aspidoscelis neavesi ^[3]^{[n 9]}^{[n 7]}
Laredo striped whiptail Aspidoscelis laredoensis LC ^{[n 7]}
Marbled whiptail Aspidoscelis marmorata
Giant whiptail Aspidoscelis motaguae * LC
New Mexico whiptail Aspidoscelis neomexicana LC ^{[n 7]}
Aspidoscelis tesselata complex:
- Common checkered whiptail Aspidoscelis tesselata LC ^{[n 7]}(diploid,^[3] former A. grahamii^[2]) and:
  - Gray checkered whiptail Aspidoscelis dixoni NT ^[2]^{[n 3]} (split from A. tesselata)
- Colorado checkered whiptail Aspidoscelis neotesselata NT ^{[n 7]}(triploid, former A. tesselata^[3])
Plateau spotted whiptail Aspidoscelis scalaris LC
Six-lined racerunner Aspidoscelis sexlineata LC
Sonoran spotted whiptail Aspidoscelis sonorae LC ^{[n 7]}
- Gila spotted whiptail Aspidoscelis flagellicauda LC ^{[n 7]} (sometimes in A. sonorae^[7])
Tiger whiptail Aspidoscelis tigris LC
Desert grassland whiptail Aspidoscelis uniparens LC ^{[n 7]}
Rainbow whiptail Cnemidophorus lemniscatus *
Argentine giant tegu Salvator merianae * LC
Gold tegu Tupinambis teguixin * ^[3]

Xantusiidae

Family: Xantusiidae Night lizards

Species split from the desert night lizard (Xantusia vigilis) LC:
- Desert night lizard Xantusia vigilis
- Arizona night lizard Xantusia arizonae LC
- Sierra night lizard Xantusia sierrae
- Wiggins' night lizard Xantusia wigginsi
Bezy's night lizard Xantusia bezyi LC
Sandstone night lizard Xantusia gracilis VU
Granite night lizard Xantusia henshawi LC
Island night lizard Xantusia riversiana LC T

Varanidae

Family: Varanidae Monitor lizards

Nile monitor Varanus niloticus *
Savannah monitor Varanus exanthematicus * ^[7] LC^{[n 1]}
Common water monitor Varanus salvator * ^[7] LC^{[n 1]}

Amphisbaenia

Suborder: Amphisbaenia

Rhineuridae

Family: Rhineuridae North American worm lizards

Worm lizards

Florida wormlizard Rhineura floridana LC

Serpentes

Suborder: Serpentes

Typhlopidae

Family: Typhlopidae Blind snakes

Brahminy blindsnake Indotyphlops braminus * ^{[n 7]}

Boidae

Family: Boidae Boas

Subfamily: Erycinae

Rubber and rosy boas

Northern rubber boa Charina bottae LC
Three-lined boa Lichanura trivirgata LC and:
- Rosy boa Lichanura orcutti (formerly in L. trivirgata)

Blind snakes

Southern rubber boa Charina umbratica

Subfamily: Boinae

Boas

Boa constrictor Boa constrictor *

Colubridae

Family: Colubridae Colubrids {{block indent|left=1|1= Subfamily: Colubrinae

Racers

North American racer Coluber constrictor LC

Whipsnakes

Sonoran whipsnake Coluber bilineatus LC
Coachwhip Coluber flagellum LC and:
- Baja California coachwhip Coluber fuliginosus (formerly in C. flagellum)
Striped racer Coluber lateralis LC (Alameda striped racer C. l. euryxanthus: T)
Striped Whipsnake Coluber taeniatus LC and:
- Schott’s whipsnake Coluber schotti LC (formerly in C. taeniatus)

Desert rat snakes

Baja California ratsnake Bogertophis rosaliae LC
Trans-Pecos ratsnake Bogertophis subocularis LC

Rat snakes and fox snakes

Species split from the Texas ratsnake (Pantherophis obsoletus) LC:
- Western ratsnake Pantherophis obsoletus
- Eastern ratsnake Pantherophis alleghaniensis
- Gray ratsnake Pantherophis spiloides
Baird's ratsnake Pantherophis bairdi LC
Great Plains ratsnake Pantherophis emoryi LC
Species split from the western foxsnake (Pantherophis vulpinus) LC
- Eastern foxsnake Pantherophis vulpinus including:
  - Eastern fox snake Pantherophis (vulpinus) gloydi NT ^[2]^{[n 3]} (currently not recognized)
- Western fox snake Pantherophis ramspotti
Red cornsnake Pantherophis guttatus LC and:
- Slowinski's cornsnake Pantherophis slowinskii DD (formerly in P. guttatus)

Glossy snakes

Glossy snake Arizona elegans LC

Scarlet snakes

Scarlet snake Cemophora coccinea LC and:
- Texas scarletsnake Cemophora lineri ^[3]^{[n 2]} (formerly in C. coccinea)

Sand snakes

Variable sandsnake Sonora straminea,^[11]^[7] syn. Chilomeniscus stramineus^[3] LC and:
- Banded sand snake Sonora cincta, syn. Chilomeniscus cinctus ^[11]^[7]^{[n 3]} (split back from Ch. stramineus)

Ground snake

Variable Groundsnake Sonora semiannulata^[11]^[7]^[3] and:
- Southern Texas groundsnake Sonora (semiannulata) taylori^[11]^[7]^{[n 4]}^{[n 3]} (split from the western groundsnake S. semiannulata)
Groundsnake Sonora episcopa^[11]^[7]^{[n 3]}

Shovel-nosed snakes

Mohave shovel-nosed snake Sonora occipitalis,^[11]^[7] syn. Chionactis occipitalis^[3] LC and:
- Resplendent desert shovel-nosed snake Sonora annulata,^[11]^[7] syn. Chionactis annulata^[3] ^{[n 2]} (formerly in Ch. occipitalis^[3])
Sonoran shovel-nosed snake Sonora palarostris,^[11]^[7] syn. Chionactis palarostris^[3] LC

Indigo snakes

Eastern indigo snake Drymarchon couperi LC T
Gulf coast indigo snake Drymarchon kolpobasileus^[3]
Central American indigo snake Drymarchon melanurus LC

Speckled racers

Speckled racer Drymobius margaritiferus

Mexican hognose snakes

Tamaulipan hook-nosed snake Ficimia streckeri LC

Plateau hooknose snakes

Chihuahuan hook-nosed snake Gyalopion canum LC
Thornscrub hook-nosed snake Gyalopion quadrangulare LC

Night snakes

Gray-banded kingsnake Lampropeltis alterna LC
Species split from the yellow-bellied kingsnake (Lampropeltis calligaster) LC:
- Prairie kingsnake Lampropeltis calligaster
- South Florida mole kingsnake Lampropeltis occipitolineata ^[3]^{[n 2]}
- Northern mole kingsnake Lampropeltis rhombomaculata ^[3]^{[n 2]}

Short-tailed snake

Short-tailed kingsnake Lampropeltis extenuata NT

Kingsnakes

Species split from the common kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula) LC:
- Eastern kingsnake Lampropeltis getula ^[3]^{[n 2]}
- California Kingsnake Lampropeltis californiae ^[3]^{[n 2]}
- Speckled kingsnake Lampropeltis holbrooki ^[3]^{[n 2]}
- Eastern black kingsnake Lampropeltis nigra ^[3]^{[n 2]}
- Desert kingsnake Lampropeltis splendida ^[3]^{[n 2]}
- Florida kingsnake Lampropeltis floridana ^[3]^{[n 2]}
- Apalachicola kingsnake Lampropeltis meansi ^[3]^{[n 2]}
- Western black kingsnake Lampropeltis nigrita ^[3]^{[n 2]}
Arizona mountain kingsnake Lampropeltis pyromelana LC and:
- Madrean Mountain kingsnake Lampropeltis (pyromelana) knoblochi (formerly in the Sonoran mountain kingsnake L. pyromelana)
Species split from the milksnake (Lampropeltis triangulum):
- Eastern milksnake Lampropeltis triangulum ^[3]
- Scarlet kingsnake Lampropeltis elapsoides ^[3]^{[n 2]}
- Mexican milksnake Lampropeltis (triangulum) annulata ^[3]^{[n 2]}
- Western milksnake Lampropeltis gentilis ^[3]^{[n 2]}
California mountain kingsnake Lampropeltis zonata LC and:
- Coast mountain kingsnake Lampropeltis (zonata) multifasciata ^[3]^{[n 2]} (formerly in L. zonata)

Rough green snake

Rough greensnake Opheodrys aestivus LC

Smooth green snake

Smooth greensnake Opheodrys vernalis LC

Neotropical vine snakes

Brown vinesnake Oxybelis aeneus

Leaf-nosed snakes

Saddled leaf-nosed snake Phyllorhynchus browni LC
Spotted leaf-nosed snake Phyllorhynchus decurtatus LC

Bull, gopher, and pine snakes

Gopher snake Pituophis catenifer LC
Pinesnake Pituophis melanoleucus LC
Louisiana pine snake Pituophis ruthveni EN

Pine wood snake

Pine Woods littersnake Rhadinaea flavilata LC

Long-nosed snake

Long-nosed snake Rhinocheilus lecontei LC

Patch-nosed snakes

Eastern patch-nosed snake Salvadora grahamiae LC
Western patch-nosed snake Salvadora hexalepis LC and:
- Big Bend patch-nosed snake Salvadora (hexalepis) deserticola ^[7]^{[n 4]}^{[n 3]} (split from S. hexalepis)

Mountain ratsnake

Green ratsnake Senticolis triaspis LC

Black-headed, flat-headed, and crowned snakes

Mexican black-headed snake Tantilla atriceps LC
Southeastern crowned snake Tantilla coronata LC
Trans-Pecos black-headed snake Tantilla cucullata LC (formerly in T. rubra)
Flat-headed snake Tantilla gracilis LC
Smith's black-headed snake Tantilla hobartsmithi LC
Plains black-headed snake Tantilla nigriceps LC
Rim rock crowned snake Tantilla oolitica EN
Western black-headed snake Tantilla planiceps LC
Florida crowned snake Tantilla relicta LC
Chihuahuan black-headed snake Tantilla wilcoxi LC
Yaqui black-headed snake Tantilla yaquia LC

Lyre snakes

Sonoran lyresnake Trimorphodon lambda
California lyresnake Trimorphodon lyrophanes
Texas lyresnake Trimorphodon vilkinsonii LC (formerly in T. biscutatus)

Subfamily: Natricinae

Shovel-nosed snakes

Kirtland’s snake Clonophis kirtlandii NT

Water snakes

Saltmarsh snake Nerodia clarkii LC:
*Gulf saltmarsh watersnake N. c. clarkii
*Mangrove saltmarsh watersnake N. c. compressicauda
*Atlantic saltmarsh watersnake N. c. taeniata : T
Mississippi green watersnake Nerodia cyclopion LC
Plain-bellied watersnake Nerodia erythrogaster LC
(Copper-bellied watersnake N. e. neglecta: T)

Southern watersnake Nerodia fasciata LC:
*Broad-banded watersnake N. f. confluens
*Banded watersnake N. f. fasciata
*Florida watersnake N. f. pictiventris
Florida green watersnake Nerodia floridana LC
Brazos River watersnake Nerodia harteri NT
Concho watersnake Nerodia paucimaculata NT
Diamond-backed watersnake Nerodia rhombifer LC
Common watersnake Nerodia sipedon LC
Brown watersnake Nerodia taxispilota LC

Crayfish snakes

Graham’s crayfish snake Regina grahamii LC
Queensnake Regina septemvittata LC

Swampsnakes

Striped swampsnake Liodytes alleni LC
Glossy swampsnake Liodytes rigida LC
Black swampsnake Liodytes pygaea LC

Brown snakes

Dekay's brown snake Storeria dekayi LC and:
- Florida brown snake Storeria victa ^{[n 2]} (formerly in S. dekayi)
Red-bellied snake Storeria occipitomaculata LC

Garter snakes

Aquatic gartersnake Thamnophis atratus LC
Short-headed gartersnake Thamnophis brachystoma LC
Butler's gartersnake Thamnophis butleri LC
Sierra gartersnake Thamnophis couchii LC
Black-necked gartersnake Thamnophis cyrtopsis LC
Terrestrial gartersnake Thamnophis elegans LC
Mexican gartersnake Thamnophis eques LC
Giant gartersnake Thamnophis gigas VU T
Two-striped gartersnake Thamnophis hammondii LC
Checkered gartersnake Thamnophis marcianus LC
Northwestern gartersnake Thamnophis ordinoides LC
Western ribbonsnake Thamnophis proximus LC
Plains gartersnake Thamnophis radix LC
Narrow-headed gartersnake Thamnophis rufipunctatus LC
Eastern ribbonsnake Thamnophis saurita LC
Common gartersnake Thamnophis sirtalis LC (San Francisco Gartersnake T. s. tetrataenia: E)

Lined snake

Lined snake Tropidoclonion lineatum LC

Earth snakes

Rough earthsnake Haldea striatula LC
Smooth earthsnake Virginia valeriae LC

Subfamily: Dipsadinae

Sharp-tailed snakes

Forest sharp-tailed snake
Common sharp-tailed snake Contia tenuis LC

Night snakes

Species split from the night snake (Hypsiglena torquata) LC:
- Desert nightsnake Hypsiglena chlorophaea
- Chihuahuan nightsnake Hypsiglena jani
- Coast nightsnake Hypsiglena ochrorhyncha

Cat-eyed snakes

Northern cat-eyed snake Leptodeira septentrionalis

Subfamily: Xenodontinae

Worm snakes

Common wormsnake Carphophis amoenus LC
Western wormsnake Carphophis vermis LC

Black-striped snake

Regal black-striped snake Coniophanes imperialis LC

Ringneck snake

Ring-necked snake Diadophis punctatus LC

Mud snake and rainbow snake

Red-bellied mudsnake Farancia abacura LC
Rainbow snake Farancia erytrogramma LC

Hog-nosed snakes

Species split from the western hog-nosed snake (Heterodon nasicus) LC:
- Plains hog-nosed snake Heterodon nasicus ^{[n 2]}
- Dusty hog-nosed snake Heterodon gloydi ^{[n 2]}
- Mexican hog-nosed snake Heterodon kennerlyi ^{[n 2]}
Eastern hog-nosed snake Heterodon platirhinos LC
Southern hog-nosed snake Heterodon simus VU

Viperidae

Family: Viperidae

Copperhead *Agkistrodon contortrix*
camouflaged in dead leaves

Subfamily: Crotalinae

Copperhead and cottonmouth

Eastern copperhead Agkistrodon contortrix LC and:
- Broad-banded copperhead Agkistrodon laticinctus (formerly in A. contortrix)^[3]
Northern cottonmouth Agkistrodon piscivorus LC and:
- Florida cottonmouth Agkistrodon conanti (formerly in A. piscivorus)^[3]

Rattlesnakes

Eastern diamondback rattlesnake Crotalus adamanteus LC
Western diamondback rattlesnake Crotalus atrox LC
Sidewinder Crotalus cerastes LC
Timber rattlesnake Crotalus horridus LC
Rock rattlesnake Crotalus lepidus LC
Species split from the speckled rattlesnake (Crotalus mitchellii):
- Panamint rattlesnake Crotalus stephensi ^{[n 2]}
- Southwestern speckled rattlesnake Crotalus pyrrhus^[3]^[7]^{[n 2]}
Species split from the black-tailed rattlesnake (Crotalus molossus) LC:^[3]
- Western Black-tailed rattlesnake Crotalus molossus
- Eastern Black-tailed rattlesnake Crotalus ornatus
Species split from the prairie rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis) LC:
- Prairie rattlesnake Crotalus viridis
- Arizona black rattlesnake Crotalus cerberus
- Species split from the western rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus) LC:
  - Northern Pacific rattlesnake Crotalus (oreganus) oreganus ^{[n 4]}
  - Great Basin rattlesnake Crotalus lutosus^[7]^{[n 3]}
  - Midget faded rattlesnake Crotalus (oreganus) concolor^[7]^{[n 4]}^{[n 3]}
  - Southern Pacific rattlesnake Crotalus (oreganus) helleri^[7]^{[n 4]}^{[n 3]}
Twin-spotted rattlesnake Crotalus pricei LC
Red diamond rattlesnake Crotalus ruber LC
Mohave rattlesnake Crotalus scutulatus LC
Tiger rattlesnake Crotalus tigris LC
Ridge-nosed rattlesnake Crotalus willardi LC
(New Mexico Ridgenosed Rattlesnake C. w. obscurus': T)

Pigmy rattlesnakes

Eastern massasauga Sistrurus catenatus LC and:
- Western massasauga Sistrurus tergeminus ^[3]^{[n 2]} (formerly in the massasauga S. catenatus)
Pygmy rattlesnake Sistrurus miliarius LC

Elapidae

Family: Elapidae

Western coral snake

Sonoran coral snake Micruroides euryxanthus LC

Eastern coral snake

Harlequin coral snake Micrurus fulvius LC
Texas coral snake Micrurus tener LC

Subfamily: Hydrophiinae

Pelagic sea snake

Yellow-bellied seasnake Hydrophis platurus LC

Leptotyphlopidae

Family: Leptotyphlopidae Slender blind snakes