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Pabst Hotel

Coordinates: 40°45′23″N 73°59′11″W / 40.75639°N 73.98639°W / 40.75639; -73.98639
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Pabst Hotel
Map
General information
LocationNew York City
Address153 West 42nd Street (also 1469 Broadway and 603 7th Avenue)[1]
Construction startedOctober 1898
OpenedNovember 11, 1899
DemolishedNovember 24, 1902
Cost$225,000
Renovation cost$50,000
OwnerCharles Thorley
Technical details
Structural systemsteel-frame
Materiallimestone
Floor count9
Grounds58 x 25 feet
Design and construction
Architect(s)Henry F. Kilburn
Other designersOtto Strack (portico)
Main contractorRobinson & Wallace[2]
Other information
Number of rooms35 guestrooms

The Pabst Hotel occupied the north side of 42nd Street in Manhattan, New York City, between 7th Avenue and Broadway, in Longacre Square, from 1899 to 1902. It was demolished to make room for the new headquarters of The New York Times, for which Longacre Square was renamed Times Square.

To the Pabst Brewing Company, the hotel and its restaurants were part of a nationwide program for promoting its beer. This facility, however, conflicted not only with the Times, but also with plans for New York's new subway system.

Pabst

In the 1890s the Pabst Brewing Company of Milwaukee embarked upon a program of acquiring restaurants and hotels—at one time controlling nine of them in Chicago, Minneapolis, San Francisco, and New York—giving the resorts its name and serving only its own products.[3][4][note 1] It subleased the properties to professional facilities operators.

In New York, Pabst came to control:

The building

Pabst itself leased the building from Charles Thorley, who built it on ground leased from Henry Dolan for five 21-year terms. Thorley leased it to the brewing company for the remainder of the first term in 1899; Pabst leased it to Jame B. Regan, who ran it as proprietor.[2][12] It stood on the south end of the slender triangular block formed by the intersection of 7th Avenue and Broadway, the rest of which belonged to the estate of Amos R. Eno (November 1, 1810 – February 21, 1898)[13] and was occupied by an older group of five four-story brick buildings, also Eno's, which tapered in width from south to north to fit the block.

The principal architect, Henry F. Kilburn, designed a nine-story tower with a steel frame and limestone cladding—still a new construction method at the time. Floors 3 through 9 each had five bedrooms.[5][14][15] Construction began in October 1898,[16][17] and the opening was November 11, 1899.[4] The building cost $225,000[5] and Pabst made additional improvements for $50,000.[12]

An advertisement on the back wall read: "The 'Pabst' / Ladies' & Gentlemen's Restaurant / Rathskeller / Bachelor's Hotel." The building's footprint was small, 58 feet wide by 25 feet deep,[1] but the restaurant, on the second floor, and the rathskeller, in the basement, were not confined by the property lines. The rathskeller used space under the sidewalks, which was common and lawful, and the restaurant extended over the 42nd Street portico, which had been built on the sidewalk without authorization. This was common, too, but not lawful.[note 2]

The portico

In July 1900, The New York Times criticized city officials for allowing the illegal portico, which it called "a gross and insolent encroachment upon a public highway", to remain;[2][18] however, city officials were no more inclined to move against this encroachment than any of the others. Regan was defiant; the Times was relentless. For two years, in dozens of articles and frequent editorials, the Times informed its readers about its battle to get city officials to enforce the law by removing the portico, while the officials, according to the Times, resisted every way they could[note 3]—e. g.: they claimed confusion over their legal authority;[2] they filed an unnecessary lawsuit against Regan and Thorley, claiming the city lacked the funds to carry out the removal;[20] bills were introduced in the Municipal Assembly and the State Legislature to legalize the portico, but did not become law;[21][22] and a spurious mandamus lawsuit was filed as a delaying tactic.[23]

Some people questioned the Times' motive for singling out this one violation, when there were so many others.[24]

After many delays, a judge decided against the hotel on November 18, 1901. The portico, he ordered in strong words, must be removed, by the city if necessary, at the hotel's expense.[20] Regan and Thorley appealed, and the Times reported that although city officials could lawfully have acted on the order at once, they chose to delay, pending the outcome.[25]

If the portico was eventually removed, it wasn't reported.[note 4]

  • The site in 1898, from the southeast
    The site in 1898, from the southeast
  • Similar angle
    Similar angle
  • From the southwest
    From the southwest
  • From the north, with Eno buildings
    From the north, with Eno buildings
  • Subway construction
    Subway construction
  • Second-floor restaurant
    Second-floor restaurant
  • Rathskeller
    Rathskeller
  • Guestroom
    Guestroom
  • Successor
    Successor

The subway

New York City's first subway lines were constructed in sections from 1900 to 1904. The main line ran north from the City Hall under the East Side, across town under 42nd Street, north again under 7th Avenue from 43rd to 44th Street, and then under Broadway. The route therefore included a wide curve directly under the Eno property. The Subway Realty Company, an arm of the company building the subway, purchased it from Amos F. Eno (son of Amos R. Eno), demolished the buildings, and excavated an opening for the work.[13] Construction noise was loud, which must have hurt the hotel's business.[note 5]

Though the Pabst Hotel would be able to remain, on April 15, 1902, the subway company took possession of the entire cellar room beneath the Broadway side of the building and about half of the space beneath the sidewalk on 42nd Street, for tunnel purposes—a large part of the rathskeller and storage room. Regan and Pabst claimed this nullified the lease with Thorley.[12][27][note 6]

Regan at the time was proprietor of the Woodmansten Inn, the Bronx, and arranged to become proprietor of the grand Knickerbocker Hotel, planned for the southeast corner of 42nd Street and Broadway.[27][29][30][31]

On September 24, 1902, the Pabst Brewing Company filed suit in federal court to recover damages from Thorley.[12]

The Times and the demolition

On August 4, 1902, The New York Times announced that it would give up its long-time home on Park Row near City Hall and move to a neighborhood it predicted would soon be the commercial center of the city: Longacre Square. Its publisher, Adolph S. Ochs, had purchased the former Eno ground from the Subway Realty Company and obtained a long-term lease from Charles Thorley on the ground under the Pabst. The company would build a skyscraper on the triangular block for its own occupancy.[1][32]

Demolition of the hotel began November 24, 1902. It was the first building completely supported by a steel skeleton ever demolished. The Times reported that professional builders were keen to discover whether the structural members had begun to corrode, which might threaten the structural integrity of the building and the future of the construction method, but nothing alarming was discovered.[16][17]

On April 8, 1904, Longacre Square was renamed Times Square.[33] The subway, including the Times Square station, opened to the public on October 27.[34] The newspaper moved into its new building Sunday, January 1, 1905,[note 7] although the building wasn't quite complete.[35]

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ In New York, a parallel company, also called Pabst Brewing Company, was in charge.[5]
  2. ^ Otto Strack constructed the porch, portico, and enclosed balcony for Regan. John Pirkl furnished the ironwork.[2]
  3. ^ A search of the online archive of The New York Times from July 8, 1900 through August 3, 1902 for "Pabst Portico" returns about 60 results. This editorial[19] indicates the paper's view.
  4. ^ Gray omits the paper's role.[5]
  5. ^ "As along the rest of the section, the sub-street material here is almost entirely rock, and the noise of the drills that have already been placed along the edge of the square is unceasing. So hard is the rock, however, that, with all their fuss, they only increase the depth a very little in each twenty-four hours."[26]
  6. ^ The relationship of the subway to the new Times Building is shown in the special Building Supplement published in The New York Times on January 1, 1905.[28]
  7. ^ This means the first issue published from the new location was that of January 2.

Sources

  1. ^ a b c Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide (1902-08-09). Vol. 70 No. 1795 p. 209 col. 1. "Broadway, No 1469…"
  2. ^ a b c d e The New York Times (1900-07-08). "Encroachments Upon Public Sidewalks"
  3. ^ a b Magee, Brenda (2014). Brewing in Milwaukee, pp. 80-1. (Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing) ISBN 978-1-4671-1095-2. Preview online at Google Books.
  4. ^ a b Hachten, Harva and Terese Allen (2009). The Flavor of Wisconsin, 2nd edition, p. 122. (Madison, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Historical Society Press) ISBN 978-0-87020-404-3. Preview online at Google Books.
  5. ^ a b c d Gray, Christopher. The New York Times (1996-12-01). "A Small Hotel, A Mock Battleship and the Titanic"
  6. ^ The Brooklyn Daily Eagle (November 22, 1900). "Synagogue for Coney Island", p. 15 col. 6. Online at Newspapers.com.
  7. ^ Bowery Boys (Greg Young and Tom Meyers) (September 13, 2017). "Pabst Blue Ribbon Architecture from Old New York". The Bowery Boys: New York City History. Archived from the original on October 3, 2018. Retrieved October 3, 2018.
  8. ^ "Pabst's Harlem Restaurant And Dance Hall, 1905". Harlem World Magazine. June 26, 2015. Archived from the original on October 2, 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  9. ^ The New York Times (1904-02-18). "Hotel Men in Trouble"
  10. ^ The New York Times (1903-01-11). "New Theatre to Open"
  11. ^ Young, Michelle (April 9, 2015). "In Photos: 13 Grand Historic Hotels That Once Lined Broadway". Curbed New York. Vox Media. Archived from the original on October 3, 2018. Retrieved October 3, 2018.
  12. ^ a b c d The New York Times (1902-09-25). "Pabst Hotel Litigation", col. 2
  13. ^ a b The New York Times 1901-04-25). "New Subway Company Buys Broadway Site"
  14. ^ Hirsh, Jeff (1997). Manhattan Hotels 1880-1920, p. 40. (Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing) ISBN 978-0-7385-5749-6. Preview online at Google Books.
  15. ^ Gabrielan, Randall (2000). Times Square and 42nd Street in Vintage Postcards, p. 14. (Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing) ISBN 0-7385-0428-9. Preview online at Google Books.
  16. ^ a b The New York Times (1902-11-23). "Removal of a Modern Steel Skyscraper"
  17. ^ a b The New York Times (1903-05-07). "Steel Frames and Corrosion"
  18. ^ The New York Times (1900-08-01). "Topics of the Times", 3rd item
  19. ^ The New York Times (1900-11-17). "Topics of the Times", 4th item
  20. ^ a b The New York Times (1901-11-19). "Pabst Portico Must Go"
  21. ^ The New York Times (1901-01-16). "To Legalize Pabst Portico"
  22. ^ The New York Times (1901-02-02). "Topics of the Times", second item
  23. ^ The New York Times (1900-08-29). "Topics of the Times", 3rd item
  24. ^ The New York Times (1901-01-17). "The Pabst Portico Bill"
  25. ^ The New York Times (1902-02-25). "The Pabst Portico"
  26. ^ The New York Times (1901-05-19). "The Tunnel and Traffic", paragraph 7
  27. ^ a b The New York Times (1902-04-22). "Pabst Hotel's Affairs"
  28. ^ The New York Times (1905-01-01). Building Supplement
  29. ^ McHugh, Kevin (1988-10-18). Knickerbocker Hotel (Designation Report), p. 3. (New York City: Landmarks Preservation Commission). Online at Neighborhood Preservation Center website.
  30. ^ The New York Times (1903-06-14). "Woodmansten Inn, Westchester" (scroll down)
  31. ^ The New York Times (1905-09-05). "Advanced Ideas in New Broadway Hotel"
  32. ^ The New York Times (1902-08-04). "A New Home For The New York Times"
  33. ^ The New York Times (1904-04-09). "Times Square is the Name of City's New Centre""Times Square"
  34. ^ The New York Times (1904-10-28). "Our Subway Open, 150,000 Try It"
  35. ^ The New York Times (1905-01-01) "The Times in Its New Home"

40°45′23″N 73°59′11″W / 40.75639°N 73.98639°W / 40.75639; -73.98639

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