Peruvian Segunda División

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Peruvian Segunda División
Founded1943
CountryPeru
Number of teams13
Level on pyramid2
Promotion toLiga 1
Relegation toCopa Perú
Domestic cup(s)Copa Bicentenario
Current championsCusco
(2022)
Most championshipsCarlos Concha
Ciclista Lima
Deportivo Municipal
Guardia Republicana
Mariscal Sucre
Sport Boys
Unión Callao
Unión Huaral (3 titles each)
Current: 2022 season

The Liga 2 (Ligue 2) of Peru is the second-highest division in the Peruvian football league system. It is a professional and promotional division organized by the Peruvian Football Federation. After years of changing numbers of clubs, as of 2021 the league includes 12 clubs.

History

The format of the Second Division has changed over the years. For decades after it was first formed in 1936, only clubs from the Department of Lima participated in the annual tournament. The winner was promoted to the Primera Division Peruana (First Division), the professional league.

  • 1988-1990, the winner was promoted to the Regional Metropolitan League (Torneo Metropolitano Regional).
  • 1991, there was no promotion because the First Division was undergoing major changes.
  • 1992, the format changed again. This time the winner of the tournament would play against the winners of the northern, southern and central regions in order to be promoted.
  • 1993-1997, the former system, in which the winner was directly promoted to the first division, was used.
  • 1998, the winner of the Second Division played a game against the second-to-last placed club of the First Division, to determine which would be in the First Division.
  • 1999-2003, the former system of promotion and relegation was used.
  • 2004-2008, a new format was adopted, in which the winner and runner-up of the Second Division would play in the Round of 16 of the Copa Perú.
  • 2009, the winner of the tournament was promoted to the First Division, while the last team was relegated from the tournament and played in the 2010 edition of the Copa Perú. Their places were taken by the two relegated clubs of the First Division, and the team that finished in third place in the 2009 Copa Perú.
  • 2010, the former system, in which the winner was directly promoted to the first division, was used. Two teams left the tournament before its start which reduced the number of teams participating back to ten.
  • 2011, Ten teams played a home and way tournament and split the second half into two groups, the top five teams from the previous stage decided the Champion while the bottom five fought against relegation.
  • 2012, the former system, in which the winner was directly promoted to the first division, was used. Two teams left the tournament before its start which reduced the number of teams to ten and automatically relegated them to the 2013 edition of the Copa Peru.
  • 2013, the leagues was expanded to 16 teams. A rigorous financial stability check was implemented which only 14 teams passed. Two teams were relegated to the 2014 edition of the Copa Peru.

Competition format and sponsorship

Logo for ADFP Segunda División

Since 2006, the winner of the tournament is promoted to the First Division, while the last two teams are relegated from the tournament to the Departamental Stage of the Copa Perú. Their places are taken by the two relegated clubs from the First Division, and the team that finishes second place in the Copa Perú.

Sponsorship

Liga 2 is sponsored by Movistar's Gol Perú which has exclusive broadcasting rights.

Criticisms

The Segunda División has received numerous criticisms, chiefly due to the lack of stability in the process of competition and promotion, and the lack of professionalism.[1]

Team count

The Segunda División has changed the number of teams that operate in the league several times. Over the course of 74 years, the Segunda has had as few as four teams and as many as 16. The early Segunda División were played with an average number of teams ranging from 4 to 10. Prior to the current 12-club Segunda División, during the 2000s, the team count continued to fluctuate between 10, 12, 14, 16 and even a surprising 13. For example, 12 teams competed in 2009, 10 competed in 2008, 11 competed in 2007, and 12 teams competed from 2004-2006. The over-all goal of the organization is to have a stable league of 16 teams.

Artificial turf

Several stadiums used in the second division have artificial grass installed for the so-called massification of sport.[2] Most stadiums in Peru are owned by the IPD (Instituto Peruano del Deporte), which is the state group responsible for supporting the use of artificial turf. This has been severely criticized by top division teams and the media. At first, these artificial turfs were installed for the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Cup; however, more artificial turf was installed in other stadiums after the U-17 World Cup concluded.[3] These turfs are criticized for having a negative influence on the game and for the injuries which they cause to players.

Clubs

Currently, 13 clubs participate in Liga 2. There are currently no teams from the Lima Metropolitan area with all clubs representing cities from the country's interior. The number of clubs has fluctuated season by season from 10 to 16 teams participating in the tournament.

Ciclista Lima, Unión Huaral, Deportivo Municipal, Guardia Republicana, Mariscal Sucre, Unión Callao, Telmo Carbajo, Sport Boys, Unión Gonzáles Prada, and Carlos Concha trail behind with 3 titles. Universidad César Vallejo, Total Clean, Cobresol, José Gálvez, Los Caimanes, and Comerciantes Unidos are the only clubs outside the metropolitan area of Lima to have won a Segunda Division championship. In addition, Alianza Lima, Atlético Chalaco, Centro Iqueño, Defensor Lima, Municipal, Mariscal Sucre, San Agustín, Sport Boys, and Unión Huaral are the only teams that have been champions of the First and Second Division.

Since the Second Division became a nation-wide tournament in 2006, 20 of the 25 regions have had representative teams in the Segunda División/Liga 2. The only five regions that have never had a representative are Amazonas, Huancavelica, Madre de Dios, Pasco, and Tumbes.

Stadia and Locations

class=notpageimage|
Locations of the 2023 Liga 2 teams
Team City Stadium[4] Capacity[5]
Alfonso Ugarte Puno Guillermo Briceño Rosamedina 20,030
Alianza Universidad Huánuco Heraclio Tapia 25,000
Carlos Stein Jaén Víctor Montoya Segura 9,000
Comerciantes Unidos Cutervo Juan Maldonado Gamarra 12,000
Deportivo Coopsol San Vicente de Cañete Roberto Yáñez 5,000
Deportivo Llacuabamba Cajamarca Héroes de San Ramón 18,000
Juan Aurich Chiclayo Municipal de la Juventud 2,000
Los Chankas Andahuaylas Monumental de Condebamba 10,000
Pirata Olmos Francisco Mendoza Pizarro 5,000
Santos Nasca José Picasso Peratta 8,000
Unión Huaral Huaral Julio Lores Colan 10,000
Universidad San Martín Lima Universidad San Marcos 32,000

Champions

Peruvian Segunda División had amateur status since its foundation until 1987. In the course of this era, Telmo Carbajo, Ciclista Lima, Unión Callao, Carlos Concha and Mariscal Sucre shared the most titles. The first run from 1936 to 1987 featured clubs only from Lima and Callao. In 1988 the league obtained professional status and in 2006 expanded the league to the entire nation, beginning the Segunda División Nacional.

Amateur league (1943–1987)

Tournament names:

  • 1943–1987: "Segunda División Metropolitana"
Ed. Season Champion Runner-up Third Place
1
 1943 Telmo Carbajo[6] Progresista Apurímac Ciclista Lima
2
 1944 Ciclista Lima[7] Telmo Carbajo Santiago Barranco
3
 1945 Santiago Barranco[8] Atlético Lusitania Ciclista Lima
4
 1946 Ciclista Lima[9] Unión Callao Atlético Lusitania
5
 1947 Jorge Chávez (C)[10] Santiago Barranco Unión Callao
6
 1948 Centro Iqueño[11] Santiago Barranco Unión Callao
7
 1949 Jorge Chávez (C)[12] Ciclista Lima Unión Callao
8
 1950 Unión Callao[13] Association Chorrillos Unión Carbone
9
 1951 Association Chorrillos[14] Atlético Lusitania Santiago Barranco
10
 1952 Unión Callao[15] Porvenir Miraflores Santiago Barranco
11
 1953 Carlos Concha[16] Atlético Lusitania Jorge Chávez (C)
12
 1954 Unión Callao[17] KDT Nacional Atlético Lusitania
13
 1955 Carlos Concha[18] Porvenir Miraflores Unión América
14
 1956 Porvenir Miraflores[19] Unión América Unidad Vecinal Nº3
15
 1957 Mariscal Castilla[20] Carlos Concha Santiago Barranco
16
 1958 Unión América[21] Porvenir Miraflores Carlos Concha
17
 1959 Mariscal Sucre[22] KDT Nacional Porvenir Miraflores
18
 1960 Defensor Lima[23] Carlos Concha KDT Nacional
19
 1961 KDT Nacional[24] Association Chorrillos Unidad Vecinal Nº3
20
 1962 Mariscal Sucre[25] Carlos Concha Porvenir Miraflores
21
 1963 Carlos Concha[26] Porvenir Miraflores Atlético Lusitania
22
 1964 Defensor Arica[27] Porvenir Miraflores Atlético Chalaco
23
 1965 Mariscal Sucre[28] Íntimos de la Legua Juventud Gloria
24
 1966 Porvenir Miraflores[29] Racing Íntimos de la Legua
25
 1967 KDT Nacional[30] Independiente Sacachispas ADO
26
 1968 Deportivo Municipal[31] ADO Carlos Concha
27
 1969 Deportivo SIMA[32] Mariscal Sucre Ciclista Lima
28
 1970 ADO[33] Centro Iqueño
29
 1971 Deportivo SIMA[34] Atlético Chalaco Mariscal Sucre
30
 1972 Atlético Chalaco[35] Porvenir Miraflores Mariscal Sucre
–
 1973–1982 No Tournament
31
 1983 Unión Gonzáles Prada[36] San Agustín Cantolao
32
 1984 Unión Gonzáles Prada[37] Juventud La Joya San Agustín
33
 1985 Alcides Vigo[38] Centro Iqueño Cantolao
34
 1986 Internazionale[39] AELU Juventud Progreso
35
 1987 AELU[40]

Professional league (1988–present)

Tournament names:

  • 1988–2005: "Segunda División Metropolitana"
  • 2005–2018: "Segunda División Nacional"
  • 2019–present: "Liga 2"
Ed. Season Champion Runner-up Third Place
36
 1988 Defensor Lima[41] Juventud La Palma Sport Boys
37
 1989 Sport Boys[42] Juventud La Palma Guardia Republicana
38
 1990 Hijos de Yurimaguas[43] Walter Ormeño Juventud La Palma
39
 1991 Enrique Lau Chun[44] Deportivo Zúñiga Guardia Republicana
40
 1992 Unión Huaral[45] Ciclista Lima Guardia Republicana
41
 1993 Ciclista Lima[46] Guardia Republicana Alcides Vigo
42
 1994 Unión Huaral[47] Hijos de Yurimaguas Deportivo Zúñiga
43
 1995 Guardia Republicana[48] Deportivo Zúñiga Lawn Tennis
44
 1996 Alcides Vigo[49] Hijos de Yurimaguas Unión Huaral
45
 1997 Lawn Tennis[50] Bella Esperanza Hijos de Yurimaguas
46
 1998 Hijos de Yurimaguas[51] Alcides Vigo AELU
47
 1999 América Cochahuayco[52] Sporting Cristal B[note 1] Alcides Vigo
48
 2000 Deportivo Aviación[53] Alcides Vigo Hijos de Yurimaguas
49
 2001 Alcides Vigo[54] AELU Bella Esperanza
50
 2002 Unión Huaral Defensor Villa del Mar Sporting Cristal B[note 1]
51
 2003 Sport Coopsol Sporting Cristal B[note 1] Olímpico Somos Perú
52
 2004 Olimpico Aurora Deportivo Municipal Unión de Campeones
53
 2005 Olimpico Aurora Deportivo Aviación Deportivo Municipal
54
 2006 Deportivo Municipal[55] Universidad San Marcos Deportivo Aviación
55
 2007 Universidad César Vallejo[56] Atlético Minero UTC
56
 2008 Total Clean[57] Inti Gas Sport Águila
57
 2009 Sport Boys[58] Cobresol Deportivo Coopsol
58
 2010 Cobresol Sport Áncash Hijos de Acosvinchos
59
 2011 José Gálvez Deportivo Coopsol Alianza Unicachi
60
 2012 Pacífico Deportivo Coopsol Los Caimanes
61
 2013 Los Caimanes Alfonso Ugarte Atlético Torino
62
 2014 Deportivo Municipal Deportivo Coopsol Carlos A. Mannucci
63
 2015 Comerciantes Unidos Los Caimanes Atlético Torino
64
 2016 Cantolao Sport Ancash Cienciano
65
 2017 Sport Boys Universidad César Vallejo Hualgayoc
66
 2018 Universidad César Vallejo Carlos A. Mannucci Cienciano
67
 2019 Cienciano Alianza Atlético Juan Aurich
68
 2020 Alianza Atlético Juan Aurich Unión Huaral
69
 2021 Atlético Grau Carlos Stein Sport Chavelines
70
 2022 Cusco Unión Comercio Santos

Titles by club

Club Titles Runners-up Seasons won Seasons runner-up
Carlos Concha 3 3 1953, 1955, 1963 1957, 1960, 1962
Ciclista Lima 3 2 1944, 1946, 1993 1949, 1992
Deportivo Municipal 3 1 1968, 2006, 2014 2004
Guardia Republicana 3 1 1985, 1987, 1995 1993
Mariscal Sucre 3 1 1959, 1962, 1965 1969
Unión Callao 3 1 1950, 1952, 1954 1946
Sport Boys 3 0 1989, 2009, 2017 —
Unión Huaral 3 0 1992, 1994, 2002 —
Porvenir Miraflores 2 6 1956, 1966 1952, 1955, 1958, 1963, 1964, 1972
Santiago Barranco 2 3 1941, 1945 1940, 1947, 1948
Alcides Vigo 2 2 1996, 2001 1998, 2000
Hijos de Yurimaguas 2 2 1990, 1998 1994, 1996
KDT Nacional 2 2 1961, 1967 1954, 1959
Defensor Lima 2 0 1960, 1988 —
Olímpico Aurora 2 1 2004, 2005 2008
Universidad César Vallejo 2 1 2007, 2018 2017
Deportivo SIMA 2 0 1969, 1971 —
Jorge Chávez (C) 2 0 1947, 1949 —
Unión Gonzáles Prada 2 0 1983, 1984 —
AELU 1 3 1987 1984, 1986, 2001
Centro Iqueño 1 3 1948 1939, 1941, 1970
Juventud La Palma 1 2 1981 1988, 1989
Association Chorrillos 1 2 1951 1950, 1961
ADO 1 1 1970 1968
Alianza Atlético 1 1 2020 2019
Atlético Chalaco 1 1 1972 1971
Cobresol 1 1 2010 2009
Deportivo Aviación 1 1 2000 2005
Los Caimanes 1 1 2013 2015
Telmo Carbajo 1 1 1943 1944
Unión América 1 1 1958 1956
América Cochahuayco 1 0 1999 —
Atlético Grau 1 0 2021 —
Cantolao 1 0 2016 —
Cienciano 1 0 2019 —
Comerciantes Unidos 1 0 2015 —
Compañía Peruana de Teléfonos 1 0 1975 —
Cusco 1 0 2022 —
Defensor Arica 1 0 1964 —
Enrique Lau Chun 1 0 1991 —
Internazionale 1 0 1986 —
José Gálvez 1 0 2011 —
Lawn Tennis 1 0 1997 —
Mariscal Castilla 1 0 1957 —
Pacífico 1 0 2012 —
San Agustín 1 0 1984 —
Sport Coopsol 1 0 2003 —
Total Clean 1 0 2008 —

Titles by region

Region Nº of titles Clubs
Lima Lima 45 Ciclista Lima (4), Unión Huaral (4), Deportivo Municipal (3), Guardia Republicana (3), Mariscal Sucre (3), Unión Gonzáles Prada (3), Alcides Vigo (2), Defensor Lima (2), Olímpico Aurora (2), Porvenir Miraflores (2), América Cochahuayco (1), AELU (1), Association Chorrillos (1), Centro Iqueño (1), Compañía Peruana de Teléfonos (1), Defensor Arica (1), Deportivo Aviación (1), Enrique Lau Chun (1), Juventud La Palma (1), Lawn Tennis (1), Mariscal Castilla (1), Pacífico (1), San Agustín (1), Santiago Barranco (1), Sport Coopsol (1), Internazionale (1), Unión América (1)
Callao Callao 20 Carlos Concha (3), Unión Callao (3), Sport Boys (3), Hijos de Yurimaguas (2), Jorge Chávez (C) (2), KDT Nacional (2), Deportivo SIMA (2), Atlético Chalaco (1), ADO (1), Cantolao (1), Telmo Carbajo (1)
Cusco Cusco 2 Cienciano (1), Cusco (1)
La Libertad Region La Libertad 2 Universidad César Vallejo (2)
Department of Piura Piura 2 Alianza Atlético (1), Atlético Grau (1)
Ancash Ancash 1 José Gálvez (1)
Arequipa Arequipa 1 Total Clean (1)
Department of Cajamarca Cajamarca 1 Comerciantes Unidos (1)
Department of Lambayeque Lambayeque 1 Los Caimanes (1)
Department of Moquegua Moquegua 1 Cobresol (1)

Notes

  1. ^ a b c Sporting Cristal B can´t be promoted as they are the "reserve team" of Sporting Cristal which plays in First Division.

See also

References

  1. ^ Becker, Wolfy (6 March 2007). "The dreadful situation of Peruvian football". Wolfy Becker. Archived from the original on 31 January 2009. Retrieved 15 June 2009.
  2. ^ "Woodman: "No habrá cambio de césped en el Elías Aguirre"" [There will not be changes to the field in the Elías Aguirre] (in Spanish). Peru.com. Retrieved 26 April 2010. Agregó que de ninguna manera se cambiara el césped sintético a los demás estadios del país que tienen este tipo de gramado. 'Nosotros estamos para masificar el deporte y el pasto sintético es un tema apoyado por la FIFA.... Además sí se puede jugar al fútbol, como se juega en todos lados' subrayó Woodman.
  3. ^ "Three Companies re-sign agreement". FIFA. Retrieved 26 May 2010. Polytan Sportstättenbau GmbH, the German-based company, won the tender for installing 4 fields in Peru, all of which were used for the FIFA U-17 World Championship Peru 2005. This was the first time a FIFA Final tournament was played entirely on artificial turf.[dead link]
  4. ^ Most stadiums are owned by the Instituto Peruano del Deporte (IPD).
  5. ^ "Peru". fussballtempel.net. Archived from the original on 25 February 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-02.
  6. ^ Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division 1943". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-01.
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  9. ^ Nieto, Carlos. "Torneo Segunda Division 1946". perufootball.org. Retrieved 2022-06-01.
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  55. ^ "Segunda División 2006 - Results, fixtures, tables and stats - Global Sports Archive". globalsportsarchive.com. Retrieved 2022-05-29.
  56. ^ "Segunda División 2007 - Results, fixtures, tables and stats - Global Sports Archive". globalsportsarchive.com. Retrieved 2022-05-29.
  57. ^ "Segunda División 2008 - Results, fixtures, tables and stats - Global Sports Archive". globalsportsarchive.com. Retrieved 2022-05-29.
  58. ^ "Segunda División 2009 - Results, fixtures, tables and stats - Global Sports Archive". globalsportsarchive.com. Retrieved 2022-05-29.

External links

  • FPF Official Federation Website
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