Qasr-e Shirin

Coordinates: 34°30′56″N 45°34′45″E / 34.51556°N 45.57917°E / 34.51556; 45.57917
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For the administrative subdivision, see Qasr-e Shirin County.
"Qasri" redirects here. For the village in Kerman Province, see Qasri, Kerman.
Qasr-e Shirin
قصرشيرين
City
Qasr-e Shirin is located in Iran
Qasr-e Shirin
Qasr-e Shirin
Coordinates: 34°30′56″N 45°34′45″E / 34.51556°N 45.57917°E / 34.51556; 45.57917
CountryIran
ProvinceKermanshah
CountyQasr-e Shirin
BakhshCentral
Established date7th century
Government
 • MayorAbbas Karami
Elevation
333 m (1,093 ft)
Population
 (2016 Census)
 • Total18,473 [1]
 • Demonym
Qasri
Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+4:30 (IRDT)
Postal code
67817
Area code0835

Qasr-e Shirin (Persian: قصرشيرين; also Romanized as Qaşr-e Shīrīn and Qasr-ī-Shīrīn; also known as Ghasr-ī-shīrīn and Ghasr-shīrīn, Kurdish: قەسری شیرین)[2] is a city and capital of Qasr-e Shirin County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 15,437, in 3,893 families.[3] The city is populated by Kurds.[4]

Name

The city is named after Shirin, the Christian wife of the Sasanian King of Kings (shahanshah) Khosrow II (r. 590–628).[5]

History

Sassanid era

Iran-Iraq war (1980-1988)

Postwar reconstruction-present

In 1992 the postwar reconstruction process began.[6] The results of a research in 2020 show that the reconstruction process of Qasr-e Shirin was not successful in reviving the city nor in encouraging the migrants to return to their hometown.[7]

In June 2006, archaeological excavations in Shirin's castle resulted in the discovery of the dais of the castle which was used as the seat of the king.[8] The establishment of Qasr-e Shirin free trade-industrial zone was approved on May 5, 2021.[9]

Geography

Nearby towns are Sarpole Zahab (25 Kms) to the northeast and Gilan-e Gharb (55 Kms) to the southeast.[10][11] Across the border in Iraq are Khanaqin 31 Kms to the southwest through Khosravi border crossing and Kalar is 28 Kms to the northwest through Parviz Khan border crossing.[12][13] The provincial capital Kermanshah lies at a distance of 178 Kms to the west.[14]

Climate

The city is known for its agricultural productivity due to rich soil and plentiful water from the Alwand River, which runs through the city. The weather is mild in winter but hot and dry during the summer.[15] The results of a research done in 2018 on determining the vulnerability of fish farmers towards climate change in Qasr-e Shirin, revealed that climate change had a major impact on fish loss, shortened production cycle and lower fish production.[16]

Environmental issues

Dust storms in recent years have troubled people.[17]

Demographics

Qasr-e Shirin Population History
YearPop.±% p.a.
195623,901—    
196419,904−2.26%
197623,224+1.29%
19860−100.00%
199000.00%
199612,726—    
200615,048+1.69%
201117,968+3.61%
201618,473+0.56%

[18]

Language

The linguistic composition of the city:[19]

Qasr-e Shirin linguistic composition
Language percent
Southern Kurdish
 
 80%
Central Kurdish
 
 10%
Gorani
 
 10%

Recent excavations

The site of Qasr-e shirin was searched for the first time in 1891 and again in 1910. Excavations in 2006 led to the discovery of a wall of forty miles long, built by Khosrow II to protect the city. This wall extends beyond the border with Iraq. A canal dug at the time of the Sassanids, ends in Iraq. The water of the river Hulwan (Alwand) entered the channel by a trench and then led the water to Iraq. This canal covered with stucco stone is considered one of the masterpieces of civil engineering in irrigation.

Economy

Qasr-e Shirin has for long played an important economical role in the region. A large share of the country's exports to Iraq is done via Qasr-e Shirin with its two main border terminals Parviz Khan and Khosravi. In the Iranian calendar year 1393 (21 March 2014-20 March 2015) commodities worth $1.9 billion were exported to Iraq through the border crossings of Qasr-e Shirin.[20] There are trading companies active in doing exports to Iraq.[21][22]

Parviz Khan border crossing (Persian: گذرگاه مرزی پرویزخان) is located to the northwest at a 5 Kms distance from the city center. It was established in 1997. The reason for being named so is a village by the same name on the Kurdish Iraq side of the border.[13]About 50 percent of Iran’s non-oil products are being exported to Iraq via Parviz Khan border crossing, a major land route for trade. On average, 800-1,200 trucks carrying Iranian goods pass Parvizkhan border crossing and head for Iraq daily.[23]Also, an average of 500 tankers import fuel from Iraq's Kurdistan region to Parviz Khan border per day and return to Iraq after being discharged at Iran's southern ports.[24] According to Yavar Mohammadi, one governor of the western Iranian city of Qasr-e Shirin, Parviz Khan crossing plays a significant role in the prosperity of the Iranian economy, Kermanshah Province in particular. Parviz Khan border crossing has been named the most active trade checkpoint out of 86 crossings between Iran and Iraq. [25]It has put thosands of Iranians to work.[26]

Qasr-e Shirin has many modern and chic hotels and restaurants, with four three-star hotels and many other two-star hotels, serving both pilgrims to Iraq's holy Shia shrines and tourists and businessmen visiting the city. In fact, it is the city of hotels and restaurants.[27] However, because of Khosravi border closure to caravan pilgrims from June 2013 till September 2019 and again during the coronavirus pandemic, which the hospitality industry is heavily dependent on, it has been going through a recession.[28][29]

Infrastructure

Transport

Roads

The main access road is the Kermanshah-Khosravi highway through the ring road.[30][31] The other one is a two-lane road to Gilan-e Gharb. The resurfacing of 9 kilometers of this road with a 120 billion rial budget began in October 2022.[32]It is an alternative route to Eslamabad-e Gharb and Kermanshah using the Ghalajeh tunnel.[33] It also gives access to Ilam province after the small remaining part of miandar road in the Gilan-e Gharb-Eyvan route was paved in 2015 and made the distance to Ilam province around 40 Kms shorter through this road.[34][35]

Rail

The city is near a railway route under construction called Rahahane Gharb (Iran west railway) planned to connect Iran to Iraqi railway system and ultimately to the Syrian Mediterranean port city of Latakia. Its construction is due to be completed by 1405 Iranian year through Kermanshah–Khosravi line.[36][37][38]

Health systems

Hazrate Abolfazl Abbas is the hospital that serves the town and people from Iraq. [39] It has 96 beds. [40]Built in 1998 during the postwar reconstruction process, because of the lack of medical specialists it functioned at the level of a round the clock clinic until early January 2006 when some specialists joined and a few specialty wards were activated. [41] There is also a sanitation center and a 24-hour drugstore. Due to the city's two border crossings with Iraq and its proximity to several Iraqi cities it attracts and has the potential to attract Iraqi medical tourists. According to Sa’dollah Masudian, the Iranian consul general in Iraq's Sulaymaniyah Governorate in June 2018, each day 1500 visas are issued for Iraqi travelers to Iran at Iran's consulate in Sulaymaniyah, one third of which is dedicated for medical tourism. Accordingly, in addition to Persian and English, Kurdish is also used to guide people to different parts of the hospital.[42]

Notable people

See Kermanshahis

See also

References

  1. ^ "Statistical Center of Iran > Home". Amar.org.ir.
  2. ^ Qasr-e Shirin can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3079964" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
  3. ^ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)" (Excel). Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original on 2011-09-20.
  4. ^ "Language distribution: Kermanshah Province". Iran Atlas. Retrieved 27 March 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  5. ^ Wiesehöfer 2006.
  6. ^ [1] [dead link]
  7. ^ Kovacs, F. (2020). "Learning From Past; Assessment Of The Post-War Reconstruction Of Qasr-E-Shirin In Iran". International Journal of Architectural Engineering and Urban Planning. 30 (2): 136–146.
  8. ^ "CHN | News". Chnpress.com. Archived from the original on 7 September 2007. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  9. ^ "New Free Trade Zones: A Conditional Opportunity". En.eghtesadonline.com.
  10. ^ "شهرداری سرپل ذهاب". Sh-sarpolezahab.ir. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  11. ^ "ایران شناسی (144): گیلانغرب". Tarafdari.com. 27 November 2020.
  12. ^ "50 km from Qasr-e Shirin". Withinhours.com.
  13. ^ a b "مرز رسمی پرویزخان". Krccima.ir.
  14. ^ "اقامتگاه های بوم گردی قصر شیرین - استان کرمانشاه : عکس ها، رزرو آنلاین، بهترین قیمت". Uspace.ir.
  15. ^ "Qasr-e Shirin Weather - AccuWeather Forecast for Kermanshah Iran". Archived from the original on 2012-02-02. Retrieved 2012-05-07.
  16. ^ Zarafshani, Kiumars; Amirian, Shahnaz (21 April 2018). "Determining Vulnerability of fish farmers towards Climate Change a case of Qasr e-shirin Township". Journal of Rural Development Strategies. 5 (1): 33–50.
  17. ^ "دید افقی ناشی از گرد و خاک در قصرشیرین به ۷۰ متر کاهش یافت". Irna.ir. 9 April 2022.
  18. ^ Kovacs, Fereshteh (January 2020). "Learning From Past; Assessment of the Post-War Reconstruction of Qasr-e-Shirin in Iran". International Journal of Architectural Engineering & Urban Planning. 30 (2). doi:10.22068/ijaup.30.2.136. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  19. ^ "Language distribution: Ilam Province". Iran Atlas. Retrieved 25 September 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  20. ^ "Qasr-e Shirin Exports to Iraq". Financialtribune.com. 4 April 2015.
  21. ^ "Dysfunction at the Border Jeopardizes Growth of Iran-Iraq Trade". Bourseandbazaar.com.
  22. ^ "بارفروش شرکت بازرگانی پادین تجارت قصرشیرین". Mivenik.com. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  23. ^ "50% of Non-Oil Exports to Iraq Via Parvizkhan". Financialtribune.com. 22 June 2018.
  24. ^ "Iran bans fuel transit via Parviz Khan Border". En.trend.az. 16 March 2019.
  25. ^ "Iran to increase trade volume with Kurdistan Regional Government". Taghribnews.com. 26 June 2013.
  26. ^ "Iran re-opens border crossings with Iraqi Kurdistan region". Reuters. 2 January 2018.
  27. ^ "Good hotels in border areas". Archived from the original on 2012-10-02. Retrieved 2012-05-20.
  28. ^ "هتل‌های قصرشیرین همچنان خاک می‌خورند". Isna.ir. 12 February 2017.
  29. ^ "هتل‌داران از باز نشدن مرز خسروی متضرر شدند". Isna.ir. 6 November 2017.
  30. ^ "اجرای فاز اول طرح راهداری محوری در بزرگراه کربلا". Portalhamlonaghl.ir. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  31. ^ ها, اخبار استان (30 June 1398). "کمربندی قصرشیرین تا قبل از اربعین به بهره برداری می‌رسد". Ostanha.tabnak.ir. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  32. ^ "عملیات روکش آسفالت جاده گیلانغرب به قصرشیرین با 12 میلیارد تومان در دست اقدام است - استان ها". 11 October 2022.
  33. ^ "اعمال محدودیت‌های جاده‌ای در کرمانشاه همزمان با سالروز عملیات بازی دراز". Ilna.news. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  34. ^ "میاندار گیلان غرب".
  35. ^ "ایمن سازی نقاط پر حادثه مياندار گيلانغرب در کرمانشاه". 15 September 2015.
  36. ^ "Iran opens the rail link to Iraqi border". Railwaypro.com. 21 March 2018.
  37. ^ "Kermanshah connected to national railway network". Archived from the original on 2021-05-08. Retrieved 2022-05-05.
  38. ^ "قطار کرمانشاه – خسروی در ایستگاه اعتبار متوقف شد – خبرگزاری مهر اخبار ایران و جهان – کاردو نیوز". Kardonews.ir. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  39. ^ "Border hospital readiness in handling border related crisis in Kermanshah Province, Iran,2007". Journal of Health Administration. 10 (28): 41.
  40. ^ کرمانشاه, دانشگاه علوم پزشکی. "روزانه 400 بیمار به بیمارستان قصرشیرین مراجعه می کنند". Kums.ac.ir. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  41. ^ "چند خبر کوتاه از قصرشیرین - ایرنا". Irna.ir.
  42. ^ "Qasr-e Shirin holds untapped potential for medical tourism". Tehrantimes.com. 23 June 2018.

Sources

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qasr-e_Shirin&oldid=1117040613"