Range anxiety
| “ | The range anxiety will limit the ability of the all electric car to be used in certain specific applications, even if the battery costs come down. | ” |
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—Bill Reinert, National manager of advanced technology at Toyota’s U.S. arm[1] |
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Range anxiety is the fear that a vehicle has insufficient range to reach its destination and would thus strand the vehicle's occupants.[2][3][4][5]
The term, which is primarily used in reference to battery electric vehicles (BEVs), is considered to be one of the major barriers to large scale adoption of all-electric cars.[2][6][7] The concern that users of all-electric vehicles may become stranded due to inadequate battery performance/capacity has led to public calls for extensive public charging networks.[6] In response, electric vehicle manufacturers have sought to quell the concerns through increased battery capacities to extend the vehicle's range; through proprietary Revive technology, which is a battery reserve that can be released by electric vehicle users by texting or calling an operations center;[6] or by using a range extender solution, as implemented in the Chevrolet Volt or the Fisker Karma.[2][8][9][10][11][12]
The term range anxiety was first reported in the press on September 1, 1997 in the "San Diego Business Journal" by Richard Acello referring to worries of GM EV1 electric car drivers.[13] On July 6, 2010, automotive giant General Motors filed to trade mark the term, stating it was for the purpose of "promoting public awareness of electric vehicle capabilities".[14]
Since range anxiety is caused by lack of information, a good navigation system[15] with knowledge of the battery capacity and remaining distance can minimize the fear. There is also the possibility to minimize the fear before buying a vehicle.[16]
The American Automobile Association (AAA) has started a road-recharge pilot program in six cities, Knoxville, Los Angeles, Portland, San Francisco, Seattle and Tampa. EV-driving AAA members can use the truck’s level 2 or 3 charging capacity to fully recharge a Nissan Leaf in just 30 minutes.[1]
[edit] References
- ^ "Will ‘range anxiety’ limit the electric car?". Analysis & Opinion (Reuters). Apr 26, 2010. http://blogs.reuters.com/environment/2010/04/26/will-range-anxiety-limit-the-electric-car/. Retrieved 23 July 2010.[dead link]
- ^ a b c Eberle, Ulrich; von Helmolt, Rittmar (2010-05-14). "Sustainable transportation based on electric vehicle concepts: a brief overview". Royal Society of Chemistry. http://www.rsc.org/Publishing/Journals/EE/article.asp?doi=c001674h. Retrieved 2010-06-08.
- ^ Backstrom, Michael (May 22, 2009). "Comments of Southern California Edison Company on the California Public Utilities Commission Staff’s White Paper, Light-Duty V". p. 4. http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/NR/rdonlyres/8B8F7624-1DF1-426B-847A-74255D3484D6/0/SCE_Comments_on_LDV_Electrification_White_Paper.pdf. Retrieved 26 June 2010.
- ^ Schott, Ben (January 15, 2009). "Range Anxiety". The New York Times. http://schott.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/01/15/range-anxiety/. Retrieved 26 June 2010.
- ^ Rahim, Saqib (May 7, 2010). "Will Lithium-Air Battery Rescue Electric Car Drivers From 'Range Anxiety'?". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/cwire/2010/05/07/07climatewire-will-lithium-air-battery-rescue-electric-car-37498.html. Retrieved 26 June 2010.
- ^ a b c "Policy options for electric vehicle charging infrastructure in C40 cities". Clinton Climate Initiative. Harvard. http://www.innovations.harvard.edu/cache/documents/11089/1108934.pdf. Retrieved 23 July 2010.
- ^ Gordon-Bloomfield, Nikki (September 16, 201). "Electric Car Out of Juice? Pray for an Angel". TheCarConnection.com. http://www.foxnews.com/leisure/2010/09/16/elecric-car-juice-pray-angel/. Retrieved 23 September 2010.
- ^ "AVL's Range Extender Allows Electrically Driven Ranges equal to those of Conventional Vehicles". http://www.atzonline.com/index.php;do=show/site=a4e/sid=18762177414d6a85de938b0568579942/alloc=1/id=9806.
- ^ "AVL Introduces New Modular Range Extender Technologies and Engineering Services (17 May 2009)". http://www.greencarcongress.com/2009/05/avl-re-20090517.html.
- ^ "The AVL Range Extender". https://www.avl.com/electrified-passenger-cars.
- ^ "Driving Electrically: "AVL Pure Range Extender" for Electric Vehicles". https://www.avl.com/press-releases-2010/-/asset_publisher/F57c/content/avl-at-the-geneva-motor-show?redirect=%2Fpress-releases-2010.
- ^ "AVL introduces its own Wankel rotary EV range-extender". http://green.autoblog.com/2010/07/16/avl-introduces-its-own-wankel-rotary-ev-range-extender/.
- ^ "First public citation of range anxiety". http://www.wordspy.com/words/rangeanxiety.asp.
- ^ http://jalopnik.com/5626306/how-gm-will-use-fear-to-sell-you-a-chevy-volt
- ^ Real time driving range display. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sfigpo17pgw.
- ^ "iEV electric car simulator". http://dottribes.com/iEV.
[edit] External links
- Anxiety Attack, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Review
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