Takahashi Korekiyo
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| Takahashi Korekiyo 高橋是清 |
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| In office 13 November 1921 – 12 June 1922 |
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| Monarch | Taishō Hirohito (Regent) |
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| Preceded by | Kosai Uchida (Acting) |
| Succeeded by | Tomosaburō Katō |
| In office 16 May 1932 – 26 May 1932 Acting |
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| Monarch | Shōwa |
| Preceded by | Tsuyoshi Inukai |
| Succeeded by | Makoto Saitō |
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| Born | 27 July 1854 Edo, Tokugawa |
| Died | 26 February 1936 (aged 81) Tokyo, Japan |
| Political party | Friends of Constitutional Government |
- In this Japanese name, the family name is Takahashi.
Viscount Takahashi Korekiyo (高橋是清 Takahashi Korekiyo ), (27 July 1854 – 26 February 1936) was a Japanese politician and the 20th Prime Minister of Japan from 13 November 1921 to 12 June 1922. He was known as an expert on finance during his political career.
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[edit] Early life and civilian career
Takahashi was born in Edo (present day Tokyo) as the illegitimate son of a court painter in residence at Edo Castle, and adopted as the son of Takahashi Kakuji, a low-ranking ashigaru samurai in the service of the Date daimyo of Sendai Domain. He studied English language and American culture in a private school run by the missionary James Hepburn, and went abroad with a son of Katsu Kaishu to study in London. After his return to Japan, he became the first master of the Kyoritsu Gakko high school in Tokyo, (currently Kaisei High School) and at the same time worked as a low-ranking governmental bureaucrat in the Ministry of Education, later the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce. He was appointed as the first chief of the Bureau of Patents which was a department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, and helped organized the patent system in Japan. At one point, he resigned his government positions and went to Peru to start an enterprise but failed.
He became an employee of the Bank of Japan in 1892, and his talents were soon recognized, as he rose to become vice-president in 1898. For his success in raising the foreign loans critical to the Japanese government during and after the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, he was appointed to the House of Peers in 1905.
[edit] Political career
Takahashi became president of the Yokohama Specie Bank in 1906, and the Bank of Japan in 1911.
In 1913, he was appointed as the Minister of Finance by Prime Minister Yamamoto Gonnohyoe and then joined the political party Rikken Seiyukai. He was appointed to the same office by Prime Minister Hara Takashi in 1918. After Hara was assassinated in 1921, Takahashi was appointed both Prime Minister and the Rikken Seiyukai party president.
Becoming the second Christian Prime Minister in Japan, Takahashi's term lasted less than seven months, primarily due to his inability as an outsider to control the various factions within his own party, and his lack of his own power base within the party.
After resigning as Prime Minister, Takahashi still retained the position of president of the party. When Kato Takaaki became the prime minister and set up a coalition cabinet 1924, Takahashi accepted the post of Minister of Agriculture and Commerce. He resigned from the Rikken Seiyukai in 1925.
Takahashi continued to serve as Finance Minister under the administrations of Tanaka Giichi (1927-1929), Inukai Tsuyoshi (1931-1932), Saito Makoto (1932-1934) and Okada Keisuke (1934-1936). Despite his considerable success in fighting the effects of the Great Depression of 1929, his fiscal policies involving reduction of military expenditures created many enemies within the military, and he was among those murdered by rebelling military officers in the February 26 Incident of 1936.
[edit] Legacy
- Takahashi appeared on a 50 Yen banknote issued by the Bank of Japan in 1951. It is the only time that a former president of the Bank of Japan has appeared on one of Japan's banknotes.
- Takahashi's Tokyo residence is now the "Takahashi Korekiyo Memorial Park" in Tokyo's Minato Ward, Akasaka. However, a portion of the building survives in the Edo-Tokyo Open Air Architectural Museum in Koganei city, Tokyo.
[edit] References
- Richard J. Smethurst, From Foot Soldier to Finance Minister: Takahashi Korekiyo, Japan's Keynes (Cambridge: Harvard University Asia Center and Harvard University Press, 2007).
- Myung Soo Cha, "Did Takahashi Korekiyo Rescue Japan from the Great Depression?," The Journal of Economic History 63, No. 1 (Mar 2003): 127-44.
- Richard J. Smethurst, "Takahashi Korekiyo's Fiscal Policy and the Rise of Militarism in Japan During the Great Depression," in Turning Points in Japanese History, ed. Bert Edström (Japan Library, 2002).
- Dick K. Nanto and Shinji Takagi, "Korekiyo Takahashi and Japan's Recovery from the Great Depression," American Economic Review 75, No. 2 (May 1985): 369-74.
- Bix, Herbert B. Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan. Harper Perennial (2001). ISBN 0-06-093130-2
- Jansen, Marius B. The Making of Modern Japan. Belknap Press; New Ed edition (2002). ISBN 0-674-00991-6
- Wolferen, Karl van. The Enigma of Japanese Power: People and Politics in a Stateless Nation. Vintage; Reprint edition (1990). ISBN 0-679-72802-3
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| Political offices | ||
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| Preceded by Kosai Uchida Acting |
Prime Minister of Japan 1921–1922 |
Succeeded by Tomosaburō Katō |
| Preceded by Kosai Uchida |
Minister of the Navy Acting 1921–1922 |
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| Preceded by Tsuyoshi Inukai |
Prime Minister of Japan Acting 1932 |
Succeeded by Makoto Saitō |
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