Tick-borne encephalitis
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It has been suggested that Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine be merged into this article or section. (Discuss) |
| Tick-borne meningoencephalitis | |
|---|---|
| Classification and external resources | |
| ICD-10 | A84. |
| ICD-9 | 063 |
| DiseasesDB | 29274 |
| MeSH | D004675 |
Tick-borne meningoencephalitis or Tick-borne encephalitis is a tick-borne viral infection of the central nervous system affecting humans as well as most other mammals. It is caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus.
The number of cases has been increasing in most countries,[1] except Austria.[2]
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[edit] Presentation
The virus can infect the brain (encephalitis), the membrane that surrounds the brain and spinal cord (meningitis) or both (meningoencephalitis).[3]
[edit] Transmission
It is transmitted by the bite of infected deer- or sheep ticks or (rarely) through the non-pasteurized milk of infected cows. Sexual transmission has been documented in mice with vertical transmission to progeny. Sexual transmission with humans has never been documented.
Ticks involved in transmission include Ixodes persulcatus and Ixodes ricinus.[4]
[edit] Etiology
Russia and Europe report between 10-12,000 human cases annually.[citation needed] The disease is incurable once manifest, but infection can be prevented by vaccination. In humans, the disease is lethal in approximately 1% of cases and leaves 10-20% of its survivors with permanent neurological damage. [5]
The former Soviet Union did a great deal of research on all tick borne disease including TBE viruses.
[edit] Diagnosis
The TBE virus may be present in a seronegative strain or subtype. In such cases a marker for TBE infection is elevated IFN-g in CSF.
[edit] Treatment
There are four main categories of treatment for TBE:[citation needed]
- interferon treatment (similar to interferon used for the treatment of Hepatitis C)
- antibiotic treatment for possible tickborne coinfections
[edit] References
- ^ Suss J (June 2008). "Tick-borne encephalitis in Europe and beyond--the epidemiological situation as of 2007". Euro Surveill. 13 (26). PMID 18761916. http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=18916.
- ^ Kunze U (2007). "Tick-borne encephalitis: from epidemiology to vaccination recommendations in 2007. New issues--best practices". Wien Med Wochenschr 157 (9-10): 228–32. doi:. PMID 17564770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10354-007-0424-8.
- ^ Kaiser R (September 2008). "Tick-borne encephalitis". Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. 22 (3): 561–75, x. doi:. PMID 18755391. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0891-5520(08)00027-5.
- ^ Dumpis U, Crook D, Oksi J (April 1999). "Tick-borne encephalitis". Clin. Infect. Dis. 28 (4): 882–90. doi:. PMID 10825054. http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/515195?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
- ^ Salisbury, Dr David; Noakes, Dr Karen (2006), Immunisation against infectious disease (Third ed.), TSO (The Stationery Office - UK Department Of Health), pp. 385–390, ISBN ISBN 978-0-11-322528-6, http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_079917
[edit] External links
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