Ureter

Ureter (Schematic View)
1. Human urinary system: 2. Kidney, 3. Renal pelvis, 4. Ureter, 5. Urinary bladder, 6. Urethra. (Left side with frontal section), 7. Adrenal gland Vessels: 8. Renal artery and vein, 9. Inferior vena cava, 10. Abdominal aorta, 11. Common iliac artery and vein With transparency: 12. Liver, 13. Large intestine, 14. Pelvis

In human anatomy, the ureters are tubes made of smooth muscle fibers that propel urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. In the adult, the ureters are usually 25–30 cm (10–12 in) long and ~3-4 mm in diameter.

In humans, the ureters arise from the renal pelvis on the medial aspect of each kidney before descending towards the bladder on the front of the psoas major muscle. The ureters cross the pelvic brim near the bifurcation of the iliac arteries (which they cross anteriorly). This is a common site for the impaction of kidney stones (the others being the ureterovesical valve, where the ureter meets the bladder, and the pelvouteric junction, where the renal pelvis meets the ureter in the renal hilum). The ureters run posteroinferiorly on the lateral walls of the pelvis and then curve anteriormedially to enter the bladder through the back, at the vesicoureteric junction, running within the wall of the bladder for a few centimetres. The backflow of urine is prevented by valves known as ureterovesical valves.

In females, the ureters pass through the mesometrium and under the uterine arteries on the way to the urinary bladder. An effective phrase for remembering this anatomical relationship is "water (ureters) under the bridge (uterine arteries or vas deferens)."

Ureters are also found in all other amniote species, although different ducts fulfill the same role in amphibians and fish.

Ureter (Anatomical View)
Artery	Superior vesical artery, Vaginal artery, Ureteral branches of renal artery
Precursor	Ureteric bud
MeSH	Ureter
Dorlands/Elsevier	Ureter

Disorders

Cancer of the ureters is known as ureteral cancer. A stone can also become stuck in the ureter, which would cause pain and may prevent any urine from leaving that kidney. That kidney could then develop hydronephrosis. There are three common sites where a kidney stone will become stuck 1. At the junction of renal pelvis. 2. At the junction between the abdomin and pelvis. 3. Where the ureters enters into the urinary bladder.

Clinical

The ureter is sometimes injured in hysterectomies near the infundibulopelvic (suspensory) ligament or where the ureter courses posterior to the uterine vessels.

External links

• Clinical Anatomy of Ureter | Medchrome
• SUNY Labs 40:06-0111 - "Posterior Abdominal Wall: Internal Structure of a Kidney"
• SUNY Figs 43:08-02 - "Relationship of the ureter to the uterine artery."
• SUNY Figs 44:02-01 - "Mid-sagittal section of male pelvis."
• SUNY Anatomy Image 8923
• SUNY Anatomy Image 8945
• Virtual Slidebox at Univ. Iowa Slide 444
• Organology at UC Davis Urinary/mammal/ureter/ureter1 - "Mammal, ureter (LM, Medium)"
• Histology at KUMC urinary-renal15 - "Ureter"
• Cross section at UV pelvis/pelvis-female-17

Additional images

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  Bladder

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  Frontal section through the kidney

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  Wall of the ureter

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  Transverse section of human embryo eight and a half to nine weeks old

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  Tail end of human embryo thirty-two to thirty-three days old

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  Ureters

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  The relations of the viscera and large vessels of the abdomen (seen from behind, the last thoracic vertebra being well raised)

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  The posterior surfaces of the kidneys, showing areas of relation to the parietes

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  Vertical section of kidney

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  Transverse section of ureter

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  The interior of bladder

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  Ureters

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  Fundus of the male bladder with the vesiculæ seminales

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  Median sagittal section of male pelvis

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  Microscopic view of dog ureter

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  Left ureter

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  Ureters and other common iliac vessels