Wikipedia:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles/DNB Epitome 44

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This listing page belongs to Wikipedia:WikiProject Dictionary of National Biography, spun out of the “missing article” project, and is concerned with checking whether Wikipedia has articles for all those listed in the Dictionary of National Biography (DNB), a 63-volume British biographical dictionary published 1885-1900 and now in the public domain. This page relates to volume 44 running from name Paston to name Percy.

Scope of the subproject:

It is envisaged that the following work will be done:

  • Checks made that links on this page point to a wikipedia article about the same person;
  • Addition of new articles for all red-links based on DNB text;
  • Checking whether blue-linked articles would benefit from additional text from DNB.

Listings are posted as bulleted lists, with footnotes taken from the DNB summaries published in 1904. The listings and notes are taken from scanned text that is often corrupt and in need of correction. Not all the entries on the list correspond to actual DNB articles; some are “redirects” and there are a few articles devoted to families rather than individuals.

If you are engaged in this work you will probably find quite a number of unreferenced articles among the blue links. You are also encouraged to mention the DNB as a reference on such articles whenever they correspond to the summary, as part of the broader campaign for good sourcing. A suggested template is {{DNB}}.

Locating the full text:

DNB text is now available on Wikisource for all first edition articles, on the page s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Vol 44 Paston - Percy. Names here are not inverted, as they are in the original: Joe Bloggs would be found at Wikisource s:Bloggs, Joe (DNB00). The text for the first supplement is available too: NB that this Epitome listing includes those supplement articles also.

List maintenance and protocols:

List maintenance tasks are to check and manipulate links in the list with piping or descriptive parenthetical disambiguators, and to mark list entries with templates to denote their status; whilst as far as possible retaining the original DNB names:

  • piping: [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot, 1st Baron Colchester|Charles Abbot]]
  • descriptive parenthetical disambiguators [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)]]
  • both combined [[Charles Abbot]] -> [[Charles Abbot (botanist)|Charles Abbot]]

The work involves:

  • Checking that bluelinks link to the correct person; if so, {{tick}} them. If not, try to find the correct article and pipe or disambiguate the link.
  • Check whether redlinks can be linked to an article by piping or disambiguation.
  • Create articles based on the DNB text for redlinks for which no wikipedia article can be found
  • Check whether existing blue-linked articles could benefit from an input of DNB text (e.g. the article is a stub), and if so, update the article from DNB

A number of templates are provided to mark-up entries:

  • {{mnl}} the link runs to a wrong person; - produces the text: [link currently leads to a wrong person]. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
  • {{dn}} the link runs to a dab page - produces the text [disambiguation needed]. It is preferable to amend the link by adding a disambiguator to make it red, if an article for the correct person cannot be found
  • {{tick}} the link has been checked and runs to the correct person - checkY
  • {{tick}} {{tick}} the text of the linked article has been checked against DNB text and would not benefit from additional DNB text - checkY checkY
  • {{tick}} {{cross}} the text of the linked article looks short enough to suggest it would benefit from additional DNB text - checkY ☒N

Note that before creating new articles based on DNB text you should undertake searches to check that the article's subject does not already have an article. It is easily possible that the disambiguation used in this page is not the disambiguation used in an existing wikipedia article. Equally, feel free to improve upon the disambiguation used in redlinks on this page by amending them.

Supplement articles:

Because of the provenance of the listing, a number of the original articles will not in fact be in the announced volume, but in one of the three supplement volumes published in 1901. Since the DNB did not include articles about living people, this will be the case whenever the date of death is after the publication date of the attributed volume. In due course there will be a separate listing.

General thoughts:

This project is intended as a new generation in “merging encyclopedias”, as well as being one of the most ambitious attempted. For general ideas of where we are, and some justification of the approach being taken, see the essay Wikipedia:Merging encyclopedias.

Helpful access templates:

helpful templates

There are two templates to help link to the correct page: {{Cite DNBIE}} and {{DNBIE}}. The page number automatically link to the correct url for the page at the Internet Archive site.

{{Cite DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}
Public Domain Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

and

{{DNBIE|title=Dove, John|page=358}}
Public Domain This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

if a wstitle= parameter is used in place of title= then the templates also link the DNB article on Wikisource:

{{cite DNBIE|wstitle=Dove, John (d.1665?)|page=358}}
Public Domain Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Dove, John (d.1665?)". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358.

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  1. ^ Clement Paston (1515?-1597), sea-captain; son of Sir William Pastou (1479?-1554); commanded the Pelican and captured Baron St. Blanchard in a French galley, 1546; sheriff of Norfolk, 1588.
  2. ^ Edward Paston (1641–1714), president of Douay College; entered Douay, 1651 (D.D., 1681); president, 1688.
  3. ^ John Paston (1421–1466), letter-writer and country gentleman; son of William Paston; of Peterhouse, Cambridge, and the Inner Temple; friend of Sir John Fastolf, on whose death he produced a doubtful will, by which he inherited his estates; spent the rest of his life in maintaining his hold on the estates against the Dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk.
  4. ^ Sir John Paston (1442–1479), courtier and letterwriter; eldest son of John Paston; possibly educated at Cambridge; knighted, 1463; obtained royal recognition of his rights to the Fastolf estates on his father's death, 1466; fought for the Nevilles at Barnet, but was pardoned and again taken into favour; subsequently became involved in financial difficulties, which ended in a sacrifice of part of his estates to satisfy rival claimants.
  5. ^ Sir Robert Paston, second baronet and first Earl of Yarmouth (1631–1683), descended from Sir William Paston (1628-1610); of Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge; M.P., Castle Rising, 16611671; succeeded as baronet, 1663; a friend of Charles II, whom he entertained in 1676 at his seat, Oxnead; created Viscount Yarmouth, 1673, Earl of Yarmouth, 1679.
  6. ^ William Paston (1878–1444), judge; one of the small gentry of Norfolk: a serjeant-at-law, 1421; justice of common pleas, 1429. His conduct on the bench earned him the honourable title of theGood Judge and a place among Fuller's Worthies
  7. ^ Sir William Paston (1479?–1554), lawyer and courtier; educated at Cambridge University; bred to the law, but chiefly known as a courtier; a commissioner of array for Norfolk, 1511; knighted before 1520; present at the reception of the Emperor Charles V and at the Field of the Cloth of (told, 1580.
  8. ^ Sir William Paston (1528–1610), founder of North Walnham grammar school; son of Sir William i'wton( 1479 7-1554); knighted, 1578; benefactor of Caius College, Cambridge.
  9. ^ Sir William Paston , third baronet and second Earl of Yarmouth ( (1652-1732), son of Sir Robert Paston, first Earl of Yarmouth ; treasurer of the household, 1686-9.
  10. ^ Benedict Pastorini (Benedetto) (fl. 1775–1810), draughtsman and engraver; a native of Italy; obtained employment in England as a decorator of ceilings.
  11. ^ Francis Daniel Pastorius (1651–1719?), New England settler; born at Sommerhauseu, Franconia; doctor of law, Nuremberg, 1676: became a quaker, and (1688) conducted a colony of German and Dutch Mennonites aud quakers to Pennsylvania, where they founded Germantown; drew up the first protest (1688) against negro slavery made by a religious body; published ecclesiological works, and left many manuscripts,
  12. ^ Richard Patch (1770?–1806), criminal ; executed in Horsemonger Lane, London, for the murder of his employer, Isaac Blight, a ship-breaker; numerous accounts of his trial published.
  13. ^ Thomas Patch (d. 1782), printer aud engraver; famous for his work in connection with early Florentine art, publishing many valuable engravings of frescoes.
  14. ^ Richard Pate, Pates, or Patys(d. 1565), bishop of Worcester; B.A. Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1523; M.A. Paris; made archdeacon of Worcester in 1526 and received other preferments; ambassador to Charles V, 1533-6; provided to the see of Worcester by Paul III, 1541: attended the council of Trent (1547, 1549, 1551); during Edward VI's reign remained, in banishment, but was consecrated bishop, 1554; deprived and imprisoned, 1559; died at Louvain in exile.
  15. ^ Richard Pate (1516–1588), educational benefactor; scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford; founded Cheltenham grammar school, 1586.
  16. ^ William Pate (1666–1746), ' the learned woollendraper; friend of Steele, Swift, and Arbuthnot, and a familiar figure in the literary society of his time; sheriff of the city, 1734.
  17. ^ Walter Horatio Pater (1839–1894), critic and humanist; descended from a family of Dutch extraction; B.A. Queen's College, Oxford, 1862; fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford, 1864, and M.A., 1865; became associated with the pre-Raphaelites, particularly with Mr. Swinburne, 1869; published (1873) Studies In the History of the Renaissance and (1885) Marius the Epicurean the latter written to illustrate the highest ideal of the esthetic life. He possessed all the qualities of a humanist.
  18. ^ Paternus (fl. 550). See Padarn.
  19. ^ Alexander Paterson (1766–1831), Scottish catholic prelate; consecrated bishop of Cybistra in partibus, 1816; vicar-apostolic of the Lowland district, 1825.
  20. ^ Charles William Paterson (1756–1841), admiral; saw much service in the West Indies; admiral, 1837.
  21. ^ Daniel Paterson (1739–1825), author of The Road Book; entered the army aud (1798) became lieutenant-colonel; nominated lieutenant-governor of Quebec, 1812; published (1771)A New and Accurate Description of all the Direct and Principal Cross Roads in Great Britain (eighteenth edition, 1829).
  22. ^ Emma Anne Paterson (1848–1886), organiser of trade unions among women; nea Smith; married Thomas Paterson, 1873; founded the Women's Protective and Provident League, 1874, which promoted women's unions in London and elsewhere. She was(1876)the first woman admitted to the Trade Union Congress.
  23. ^ James Paterson (1805–1876), antiquary and miscellaneous writer; journalist; contributed most of the biographies to Kay's Edinburgh Portraits (1837-9).
  24. ^ John Paterson (1604?–1679), bishop of Ross; graduated at Aberdeen. 1624; consecrated bishop, 1662.
  25. ^ John Paterson (1632-1708), last archbishop of Glasgow; eldest son of John Paterson (1604?-1679); studied at St. Andrews and became minisrer of Ellon, 1660, of the Edinburgh Tron church, 1663. and of :.uivh H iih Kirk, 1672; appointal bishop of Galloway, 1G74, through his p;iinni, Lauderdale,and(167) translated to Edinburgh: nominated to Glasgow, 1687; actively engaged in all tin- intolerant measures of the government, and opposed, until the accession of James II, the granting of all indulgences; adhering to James II, was banished t 1 before 1696; restored in Queen Anne's reign. His character was painted by hie opponents in the blackest colours.
  26. ^ John Paterson (1776–1858), missionary; studied at Glasgow University; became a missionary in Denmark, 1804, removing to Stockholm, 1807, and to St. Petersburg, 1813; treated with great kindness and granted a pension for life by the Emperor of Russia; returning to Edinburgh, 1835, was many yean Scottish secretary of the London Missionary Society,
  27. ^ Nathaniel Paterson (1787–1871), author; grandson of Robert Paterson; of Edinburgh University; minister of Galashiels, 1821, went out at the disruption, removed to Free St. Andrews, Glasgow, and (1860) was moderator of the Free Church of Scotland; DJ).; friend of Sir Walter Scott.
  28. ^ Robert Paterson (1716–1801), 'Old Mortality,' Cameronian stone-cutter; for over forty years employed himself in repairing the memorials placed over covenantersgraves; the original of Scott's Old Mortality
  29. ^ Samuel Paterson (1728–1803), bookseller and auctioneer; carried on his business in Covent Garden and was one of the first in England to produce good catalogues for book sales; had a great acquaintance with literature, and published several books. Dr. Johnson was godfather to his son.
  30. ^ Thomas Paterson (1780–1866), lieutenant-general; served in the Napoleonic wars; lieutenant-general, 1864.
  31. ^ William Paterson (1658–1719), founder of the Bank of England; born in Dumfriesshire, but bred in England from infancy: made money by trade, and in 1681 became a member of the Merchant Taylors Company: by 1691, having acquired great influence in the city and a considerable fortune, proposed to establish the Bank of England, pointing out at the same time the necessity of restoring the currency; became a director on the foundation of the bank, 1694; considered the scope of the bank s operations too narrow, and in 1695 withdrew on a difference with his colleagues and matured tlie scheme, which he first conceived in 1684, of establishing a colony at Darien; accompanied the Darien expedition, 1698, but had little influence in the conduct of affairs, which were entrusted to seven councillors, who quarrelled among themselves; returned in December, 1699: from 1701 urged upon government the financial measures which became the basis of Walpole's Sinking Fund and the great scheme of 1717 for the consolidation and conversion of the national debt; actively promoted the union, and assisted in framing the articles of the treaty: published political and economic treatises.
  32. ^ William Paterson (1756–1810), traveller and lieutenant-governor of New South Wales; travelled in South Africa between 1777 and 1779, and published an account of his journeys, 1789; bad entered the army at an early age, and (1789) was one of the lieutenants chosen to recruit and command a company of the corps formed to protect the new convict settlement at Botany Bay; proceeded to New South Wales, 1791; sent (1804) to Port Dalrymple in Tasmania as lieutenant-governor, and (1809) administered the government at Sydney after the deposition of William Biigh; died on the voyage home.
  33. ^ Hugh de Pateshull (d. 1241), bishop of Coventry and Lichfield; son of Simon de Pateshull; treasurer of the kingdom, 1234; elected bishop, 1239.
  34. ^ Sir John de Pateshull (1291?–1349), knight; sat in the parliament of 1342.
  35. ^ Martin de Pateshull (d. 1220), judge and dean of London; sat as a justice at Westminster, 1217; dean of London, 1228.
  36. ^ Peter Pateshull (fl.–1387); theological writer; an Augustinian friar, who attacked his order in a set of theses nailed to the door of St. Paul's, London, 1387.
  37. ^ Simon de Pateshull or Pattishall (d. 1217?), judge; chief-justice, of the common pleas division of the king's court during King John's reign,
  38. ^ Sir Simon de Pateshull or Pattishall (d. 1274), judge and knight; son or grandson of Simon de Pateshull; a king's justice, 1367; joined the baronial party.
  39. ^ Walter de Pateshull (d. 1333), judge; itinerant justice for Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, and other counties, 1218.
  40. ^ Charles George Edward Patey (1813–1881), admiral; administrator of Lagos (1866) and governor of St. Helena (1869-78); C.M.G., 1874; admiral, 1877.
  41. ^ Janet Monach Patey (1842–1894), contralto singer: nee Whytock: married John George Patey, 1866; became the principal English contralto on the retirement of Madame Sainton-Dolby in 1870; known as the English Alboni.
  42. ^ Thomas Patient or Patience (d. 1666), divine; proceeded to New England between 1630 and 1636, where he became a baptist; returned (1644) to England, and was chosen assistant to William Kiffin; appointed by parliament to dispense the gospel in the city of Dublin 1649, returning to England, 1660; died of the plague in London, 1666.
  43. ^ William Patin (fl. 1548–1580). See Patten.
  44. ^ Coventry Kersey Dighton Patmore (1823-1896), poet; son of Peter George Patmore: educated privately; published volume of poems, 1844; assistant in printed book department, British Museum, 1846; formed intimate relations with Tennyson and Raskin, and (1849) made acquaintance of the pre-Raphaelite group, to whose organ, The Germ he contributed; promoted volunteer movement, 1851; publishedTamerton Church Tower 1853; issuedThe Betrothal 1864, "The Espousals 1856,Faithful for Ever 1860. andThe Victories of Love 1862 the four poems forming parts ofThe Angel in the House a long poem designed to be the apotheosis of married love: became Roman catholic, 1864; published "The Unknown Eros and other Odes 1877, Amelia 1878: his collected poetical works published, with an appendix on English metrical law, 1886: contributed toSt. James's Gazette f rom c. 1888, articles subsequently published under titles Principle in Art 1889, and Religio Poetae 1893; his Rod, Root, and Flower observations and meditations chiefly on religions subjects, published, 1896.
  45. ^ Henry John Patmore (1860–1883), poet; son of Coventry Kersey Dighton Patmore; educated at Ushaw College; a selection from his lyrics published privately.
  46. ^ Peter George Patmore (1786–1855), author; edited the New Monthly Magazine 1841-53: best known by his Imitations of Celebrated Authors (1826) and his My Friends and Acquaintances (1884).
  47. ^ Andrew Archibald Paton (1811–1874), author and diplomatist; employed in several minor diplomatic offices; consul at Ragusa and Bocca di Cattaro, 1862; published books of travel.
  48. ^ David Paton (fl. 1650–1700), painter; executed portraits and medallions.
  49. ^ George Paton (1731–1807), bibliographer and antiquary; clerk in the custom-house: amassed an extensive antiquarian library and a valuable collection of antiquities by frugal living. Two volumes of his correspondence were privately printed (1829-30).
  50. ^ James Paton (d. 1596), bishop of Dunkeld; consecrated, 1672, and deprived for simony, c. 1681, after resisting the decrees of the general assembly for over five years; privy councillor, 1575. 3 T2
  51. ^ James Paton (d. 1684), covenanter; fought against Montrose at Kikytli. 1646, and for Charles II at Worcester, 1661 foturbt for the covenanters at Rnllion Green, 1666, .nd BotbvreU Bridge, 1679; taken, 1684, and hanged at
  52. ^ John Stafford Paton (1881–1889), general in the Indian army; served against the Sikhs in 1816-6 and 1848-8. belnir severely wounded at Chillianwallah; fought agminn the Afridis, 1860. and (1867) commanded the field teuchment from Lahore dent to aid in suppressing the Gogaira insurrection; C.B., 1875.
  53. ^ Mary Ann Paton, afterwards Mrs. Wood (1802-1864), vocalist; appeared in public at the age of eight,; joined the Haymarket company, 1822: married (1824) Lord William Pitt Lennox, whom she divorced in 1831 marrying Joseph Wood in the same year: from 1826 she was considered first in her profession as a soprano.
  54. ^ Richard Paton (1716?–1791), marine painter; executed numerous pictures of naval engagements.
  55. ^ Waller Hugh Paton (1828–1896), Scottish landscape-painter; member of the Royal Scottish Academy, 1867, contributing yearly to its exhibition from 1861.
  56. ^ Patrick (373–463), saint and bishop, originally named Sucat; born in Allclyde, now Dumbarton, and was captured in a raid of the Picts and Scots, 389; sold to Miliuc, a chieftain of Antrim: after six years of bondage proceeded to Gaul and studied under Martin of Tours: returned to his parents in Britain, and felt a supernatural call to go and preach to the heathen Irish; after episcopal consecration landed in Wicklow, 406, accompanied by a missionary party, but meeting with a hostile reception proceeded up the east coast to Strangford Lough; remained at Strangford Lough until be bad converted all the Ulstermen; subsequently journeyed through Ireland, preaching Christianity: founded, near Armagh, his first mission settlement; probably died in 463. though there is much discussion as to the date; according to St. Bernard, was buried at Armagh, pilgrimages being afterwards mode to the place. His extant works are theEpistles consisting of theConfession the letter to Ooroticus, and an Irish hymn, all of which are considered genuine. At a later time these and the early life by Muirchn were all tampered with, chiefly by way of excision, to bring them into conformity with the elaborated life of the apostle, according to which legendary foreign experiences delayed his arrival in Ireland till lie was sixty years old. When the Irish came in contact with Augustine of Canterbury it was felt that the learning and culture of the Roman missionaries rontraKted too strongly with the Irish saint's absence of pretension. Hence a spirit of national pride ascribing to him a learning be never claimed and a Roman mission of which he knew nothing, protracted his stay in Gaul and extended his travels to Italy.
  57. ^ Patrick (d. 1084), bishop of Dublin; consecrated in London by Lanfranc, 1074.
  58. ^ John Patrick (1632–1696), protestant controversialist; grandson of Simon Patrick (d. 1613); M.A. Peterhonse, Cambridge, 1671; preacher of the Charterhouse, London, from 1671-96; prebendary of Peterborough, 1686-96; distinguished himself as a champion of protestantism in the time of James II. His works, almost all anonymous, are noteworthy, and include, besides controversial treatises, A Century of Select Psalms 1679, which were in high repute among many dissenting congregations.
  59. ^ Richard Patrick (1769–1816), classical scholar and divine; M.A. Magdalene College, Cambridge, 1808; vicar of Sculcoates, Hull, from 1794.
  60. ^ Robert William Cochran-Patrick (1842-1897). See Cochran-Patrick.
  61. ^ Samuel Patrick (1684–1748), scholar; for some years, usher at Charterhouse; edited several Latin works.
  62. ^ Simon Patrick (d. 1613), translator; proprietor of Caistor in Lincolnshire; translated two works from the French.
  63. ^ Simon Patrick (1626–1707), successively bishop of Chichester and Ely, grandson of Simon Patrick (d. 1613); M.A. Queens' College, Cambridge, 1651; D.D., 1666; vicar of Battereea, 1668-62; rector of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, London, 1662-89; elected (1661) president of Queens' College, Cambridge, but his appointment overridden by a royal mandate; made a royal chaplain, 1671, and, 1672, presented to a prebend at Westminster; dean of Peterborough, 1679: consecrated bishop of Chiohester, 1689; translated to Ely, 1691; one of the chief instruments in the revival of church life which marked the late years of the seventeenth century; was one of the five original founders of the Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge, and took a warm interest in the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel; a voluminous writer in polemical theology, scriptural exegesis, und edificatory literature. In 1719 appeared a volume of Poems upon Divine and Moral Subjects to which he had contributed.
  64. ^ Stephen Patrington (d. 1417), bishop of Chichester; educated at Oxford; entered the Carmelite order, of which he was chosen provincial in 1399; a leading opponent of the lollards; consecrated bishop of St. David's, 1416; translated to Chichester, 1417.
  65. ^ George Patten (1801–1865), portrait and historical painter; portrait- painter in ordinary to Prince Albert.
  66. ^ John Wilson Patten, Baron Winmarleigh (1802-1892). See Wilson-Patten.
  67. ^ Robert Patten (fl. 1715–1717), historian of the Jacobite rebellion of 1715; curate of Allendale; joined the insurgents and afterwards turned king's evidence. His history appeared in 1717.
  68. ^ Thomas Patten (1714–1790), divine; of Brasenose and Corpus Christi Colleges, Oxford; fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford; M.A., 1737; D.D., 1754; rector of Childrey; friend of Dr. Johnson.
  69. ^ William Patten (1395?–1486). See Waynflete.
  70. ^ William Patten (fl. 1548–1580), historian and teller of the exchequer: accompanied the expedition into Scotland, 1548, and by Earl Warwick, lieutenant of the host, was made one of the judges of the Marshelsey; published an account of the expedition in June, 1549, and subsequently held various offices, including that of receiver-general of Queen Elizabeth's revenues in the county of York.
  71. ^ Matthew Pattenson (fl. 1623), Roman catholic controversialist; published The Image of Bothe Churches, Hiervsalem and Babel (1623); physician in ordinary to Charles I.
  72. ^ Patterson
  73. ^ Sir James Browne Patterson (1833–1895), Australian statesman; emigrated to Victoria, 1862; conducted business ofslaughtennan at Chewton, Castlemaine district; member of legislative assembly for Castlemaine, 1870, till death; commissioner of public works and president of board of land and works, 1875 and 1877-80; postmaster-general, 1877-80 and 1890: minister of railways, 1880-1, and of customs, 1889-90; minister of public works, 1890; premier and minister of railways, 1893-4; K.C.M.G., 1894.
  74. ^ John Brown Patterson (1804–1835), divine; became minister of Falkirk, 1829; his discourses published in two volumes, 1837.
  75. ^ Robert Patterson (1802–1872), naturalist; a Belfast merchant; founded the Natural History Society of Belfast 1821, being its president for many years. His zoological works had a wide circulation.
  76. ^ Robert Hogarth Patterson (1821–1886), journalist and miscellaneous writer; became editor of the Edinburgh Advertiser 1852, of the London Press 1858, of theGlobe 1865, of the Glasgow News 1872.
  77. ^ William Patterson (1756–1810). See Paterson.
  78. ^ Sir John Patteson (1790–1861), judge; M.A. King's College, Cambridge, 1816; barrister, Middle Temple 1821; appointed judge in the court of kintrV tn-n. knighted, ls.su; r.-signed, 1852; frequently chonen arbitrator in government questions,
  79. ^ John Coleridge Patteson (1827–1871), first missionary bishop in Melanesia; elder son of Sir John Patterson; B.A., Balliol College, Oxford. of Merton College, Oxford, 1852; became a mhuiona Melanesia, IMS:,, HII.I.T the influence of George Augustus Selwyn (1809-1878); consecrated bishop in 1861, fixing his residence at Mota: greatly aided by linguistic powers, which enabled him to speak readily twenty-three languages; reclaimed the natives from savagery; killed at Nukupu in September 1871, in revenge for the kidnapping practised by the traders to supply luUiur in Fiji and Queensland. His death led to an attempt in England to regulate the labour traffic.
  80. ^ Carlotta Patti (1835–1889), vocalist; born at Florence; sister of Adelina Patti; made her first appearance (1861) at New York: attained great fame as singer, retiring (1879) on her marriage to M. Ernest de Munck; possessed a voice of abnormal compass, extending to G in altissimo.
  81. ^ Hugh Lee Pattinson (1796 -1868), metallurgical chemist; patented a process for desil verising lead, 1833, which rendered it profitable to extract silver when only present in the proportion of two or three ounces to the ton, the previous limit being eight ounces.
  82. ^ Dorothy Wyndlow Pattison, known as Sister Dora (1832–1878), philanthropist; sister of Mark Pattison; became a member of the sisterhood of the Good Samaritan at Coatham, 1864; was an excellent surgical nurse, and indefatigable in ministering to the sick and unfortunate; left the sisterhood to take charge of a hospital at Walsall, 1877.
  83. ^ Granville Sharp Pattison (1791–1851), anatomist; professor of anatomy in the University of London, and afterwards in the University of New York (1840-61).
  84. ^ Mark Pattison (1813–1884), rector of Lincoln College, Oxford: B.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1836: fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford, 1839: M.A.. 1840; tutor, 1843; for a time an ardent follower of Newman and Pusey, and in 1838-9 lived with other young men in Newman's house in St. Aldate's, Oxford, and aided in the translation of Thomas Aquinns's * Catena Aurea on the Gospels acquired a high reputation as tutor and examiner; gradually separated from his close connection with the high church party; in 1851 failed to be elected rector of Lincoln College; threw up his tutorship, 1865, on account of differences with the new rector, and for some years wrote largely, chiefly on educational subject*; for three months Berlin correspondent of "The Times 1868; appointed (1859) an assistant-commissioner to report upon continental education; elected rector of Lincoln College, 1861, and continued his literary activity in a wider field; took a less active part in college administration than might have been expected; wrote for the Quarterly the * North British and other reviews, and was an occasional contributor to The Times; dictated (1883) his Memoirs reaching to 1860, comparable for their introspection only to Rousseau's Confessions He collected much material for a life of Joseph Scaliger, and published (1875) a life of Isaac Casaubon (2nd edit. 1892).
  85. ^ William Pattison (1706–1727), poet; commenced to work in London as an author in 1726; died of small-pox in ereat poverty in the house of Curll the bookseller. Pope accused Curll of starving him. His Poetical Works appeared, 172&
  86. ^ Charles Patton (1741–1837), post-captain; brother of Philip Patton; published two abstract political treatises on the nature of freedom and on a project for basing representation upon property.
  87. ^ George Patton, Lord Glen almond (1803–1869), Scottish judge; studied law at Edinburgh: conservative M.P., Bridgewater, 1866: lord advocate, 1866; appointed himself lord justice clerk, 1867, partly to avoid an inquiry into charges of bribery in connection with his election to parliament: committed suicide.
  88. ^ Philip Patton (1739–1815), admiral; overcame by bis firmness, while acting captain of the Prince George, a mutiny of the ship's company, 1779; rear-admiral, 1795; vice-admiral, 1HU1; admiral, 1806.
  89. ^ Robert Patton (1742–1812), brother of Philip Patton; entered the army of the East India Company; governor of St. Helena: wrote two elaborate historical treatises upon the Monarchy and Republic of Rome (1797) and upon Principles of Asiatic Monarchies (1803).
  90. ^ George Pattrick or Patrick (1746–1800), diviiM; f Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge; LL.B., 1777; HUM several small preferments; popular a a preacher in London.
  91. ^ Richard Patys (d. 1555). See Pate.
  92. ^ Paul or Pol (d. 573), saint; also called Aurelian; bishop of Leon in Brittany: said in have been born in Cornwall or Wales; consecrated probably in 51J: built several monasteries, and died in retirement at a hermit in the island of Bat*.
  93. ^ Paul (d. 1093), abbot of St. Albans; according to tradition a son of Ianfranc; appointed abbot, 1077; built theexisting abbey: despised the English monks, and destroyed the tombs of his English predecessors, declaring that they were Ignorant and uncultivated; neglected to translate the bones of the founder of hi* house, Offa, king of Mercia, to his new church; died soon after taking possession of a church at Tynemouth granted to the abbey by Robert de Mowbray, earl of Northumberland; his death regarded as a judgment by the monks of Durham, who claimed the church as their property,
  94. ^ Paul, Earl of Orkney (d. 1099), succeeded his father Torflnn, 1064, conjointly with his younger brother Erlend, but took the entire management of the earldom; fought at Stamford Bridge on the side of Harald Hardradi; sent by Magnus Barelegs a prisoner (1098) to Norway, where Le died.
  95. ^ Paul the Silent, Earl of Orkney (fl. 1136), grandson of Paul, earl of Orkney; ruled over the islands with his half-brother Harald, and afterwards alone; forced by his second cousin Rognvald to divide his dominions with him, but immediately after (1136) was carried into captivity, from which be never returned, by Maddad, earl of Athole.
  96. ^ Paul Anglicus (fl. 1404), canonist; assailed the Roman church in the Aureum Speculum written in 1404, the work being well known in Germany prior to the Reformation (first published at Basle, 1655); described as Doctor Anglus
  97. ^ Paul of St Magdalen (1899–1643). See Henry Heath.
  98. ^ Sir George Onesiphorus Paul, second baronet (1746-1820), philanthropist; son of Sir Onesiphorus Paul, first baronet; created M.A. St. John's College, Oxford, 1766; did much useful work in connection with the improvement of prisons in Gloucestershire.
  99. ^ Hamilton Paul (1773–1864), poet; educated at Glasgow University; minister of Broughton, Kilbucho, and Glenholm, 1813-54: wrote humorous poems, and edited the works of Burns, 1819.
  100. ^ Isabella Howard Paul (1833?-1879), actress and vocalist; made her first appearance on tlie London stage as Isabella Featherstone, 1863; married Howard Paul, an actor, 1867; acted many parts, including Lady Macbeth, at Drury Lane, London, 1869.
  101. ^ John Paul (1707–1787), legal author; wrote several manuals of a popular type.
  102. ^ John Paul (1777–1848), Irish divine; of Glasgow University; reformed presbyterian minister of Lougl.mourne from 1805; took a prominent part in the Arian controversy in the north of Ireland, defending the Calvinistic position.
  103. ^ Sir John Dean Paul , second baronet (1802-1868), banker; belonged to the firm of William Strahan, Pan), and Robert Makin Bate?, which suspended payment in 1865, on which the partners were severally sentenced to fourteen yearspenal servitude, as they had fraudulently disposed of their clients' securities.
  104. ^ Lewis Paul (d. 1789), inventor of spinning machinery; invented roller spinning for which he took out a patent, 1788; patented a carding-machine, 1748, and a pinning-machine, 1758.
  105. ^ Sir Onesiphorus Paul, first baronet (1706–1774), woollen manufacturer at Woodcutter, who introduced many improvements into the trade; created baronet, 1774.
  106. ^ Robert Bateman Paul (1798–1877), miscellaneous writer; fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, 181718J7: M.A., 1822; held various benefices; published works.
  107. ^ William de Paul (d. 1349), bishop of Meath; D.D. Oxford: elected provincial of the Carmelites in England and Scotland, 1309; consecrated bishop of Meath, by John XXII at Avignon.
  108. ^ William Paul (1599–1665), bishop of Oxford; fellow, All Souls College, Oxford, 1618; M.A., 1621; D.D., 1632; became chaplain in ordinary to Charles I after the outbreak of the civil war, and lost his preferments; regained them at the Restoration; consecrated bishop of Oxford, 1663.
  109. ^ William Paul (1678–1716), Jacobite; M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1705; vicar of Orton-on-the-Hill, 1709; joined the Pretender, 1715; taken in London and hanged.
  110. ^ Thomas Paulden (1626–1710?), royalist; killed Thomas Rainborow at Doncaster, 1648, while attempting to take him prisoner by surprise; lived in poverty after the Restoration; published an account of his exploit at Doncaster, 1702.
  111. ^ Sir George Paule (1563?–1637), registrar of the court of high commission; M.P., Downton, 1597, Hindon, 1601; for long a servant of Archbishop Whitgift, whose biography he published in 1612; knighted, 1607; became registrar of the court of high commission before 1625.
  112. ^ Sir Amias Paulet or Poulet, or Amyas (d. 1538), soldier; attainted after Buckingham's rebellion in 1483: restored, 1486; knighted, 1487; served in France in Henry VIII's reign.
  113. ^ Sir Amias Paulet or Poulet (1536?–1588), keeper of Mary Queen of Scots; son of Sir Hugh Paulet; lieutenant-governor of Jersey; knighted, 1576; ambassador to France, 1576-9: nominated keeper of Mary Queen of Scots, 1686, in spite of her protest against him on account of his puritanism and the dislike he had shown to her agents at Paris; had custody of Mary Queen of Scots at Tutbury, Chartley, and Fotheringay, repelled her attempts to gain him, and assisted in the inspection of her correspondence; acted as a commissioner on her trial, and after her condemnation vehemently urged her execution; declined, however, to act on Secretary Davison's suggestion that he might murder her privately; appointed chancellor of the order of the Garter, April 1587; sent as a commissioner to the Low Countries to discuss Queen Elizabeth's relations with the States-General,
  114. ^ Charles Paulet or Powlett, first Duke of Bolton and sixth Marquis of Winchester (1625?-1699), eldest son of John Paulet, fifth marquis of Winchester; strongly supported the whigs in the crisis t&i du 7 in? the reign of James II disorder of mind; actively supported William of Orange on his landing; created Duke of Bolton, 1689; considered by Burnet a very crafty politic hTipS to t ha ? aU8 f Marlborough's disgrace, 1692, by revealing to William III a conversation he had had.
  115. ^ Sir Charles Paulet or Powlett, second Duke of Bolton and seventh Marquis of Winchester (1661-1722), son of Charles Paulet, first duke; William of Orange in Holland, 1688, took part in ex P edition and filled several minor office? ot Wllllam III and Queen Anne; privy f K G " 1714: created lord chamberlain, -lieutenant of Ireland, 1717-22. 1., 01;
  116. ^ Sir Charles Paulet or Powlett, third Duke of Bolton, eighth Marquis of Winchester, and Baron Basing (1685-1764), eldest son of Sir Charles Paulet, second duke of Bolton; was summoned to the House of Lords (1717) as Lord Basing; deprived of all Ir.s places (1733) on account of his persistent opposition to Walpole; married as his second wife (1751) Lavinia Fenton, the theatrical singer, who had previously been his mistress.
  117. ^ Sir George Paulet (d. 1608), governor of Derry; brother of Sir William Paulet, third marquis of Winchester; appointed governor, 1606; said to have insulted the Irish chieftain, Sir Cahir O'Dogherty, and thereby driven him into rebellion; killed by O'Dogherty at the sack of Derry after a stormy administration.
  118. ^ Harry Paulet or Powlett, sixth Duke of Bolton and eleventh Marquis of Winchester (1719-1794), admiral; nephew of Sir Charles Paulet, third duke of Bolton; served hi the East Indies (1746-50), and on his return procured the suspension of Thomas Griffin (d. 1771) from the service on charges of misconduct; rear-admiral, 1756; vice-admiral, 1759; succeeded as Duke of Bolton, 1766; admiral, 1770; governor of the Isle of Wight, 1766-80 and 1782-94.
  119. ^ Harry Paulet (d. 1804), master mariner; according to his own account brought information to England which led to Wolfe's expedition (1759) to Quebec, and afterwards gave Admiral Hawke news of the escape of Conflans. There is no evidence for his story.
  120. ^ Sir Hugh Paulet or Poulet (d. 1572?), military commander and governor of Jersey; said to have been the eldest son of Sir Amias Paulet (d. 1538); captain of Jersey, 1550 till death; vice-president of the Welsh marches, 1559; present at the surrender of Havre to Queen Elizabeth, 1562, as adviser to the commander of the place, Ambrose Dudley, earl of Warwick; knight of the shire for Somerset, 1572.
  121. ^ Sir John Paulet (fl. 1497–1501), soldier; a commander ut the battle of Blackheath, 1497; K.B., 1501.
  122. ^ John Paulet, fifth Marquis of Winchester (1598-1675), grandson of Sir William Paulet, third marquis of Winchester; kept terms at Exeter College, Oxford. His chief seat, Basing House, was the great resort of Queen Henrietta Maria's friends in south-west England. On the outbreak of the civil war he fortified and garrisoned Basing House and held it for Charles I during 1643 and 1644, until it was stormed by Cromwell in October 1645; thenceforth known as the great loyalist; committed to the Tower of London on a charge of high treason, 1645, where he remained a long time; his property sequestered and partially sold; suffered to go unrecompensed at the Restoration, but regained his lands.
  123. ^ Lavinia Paulet (1708-1760). See Fenton.
  124. ^ Sir William Paulet, Pawlet, or Poulet, first Marquis of Winchester, first Earl of Wiltshire, and first Baron St. John (1485?-1572), eldest son of Sir John Paulet; knighted before 1525; comptroller of the royal household, 1532; treasurer of the household, 1637 to March 1539, when the old St John barony was revived in his favour; chamberlain of the household, 1543, and was great master (i.e. lord steward) of the same, 1545-50; became lord president of the council a year before Henry VIII's death, and was nominated by Henry VIII's will one of the council of regency; keeper of the great seal under Somerset (1547), but joined in overthrowing the Protector, and afterwards adhered to Northumberland's party; was, however, strongly opposed to the proclamation of Queen Jane, and on 19 July 1553 proclaimed Mary at Baynard's Castle; on Elizabeth's accession succeeded in obtaining her favour, and advocated a moderate foreign policy; disliked Cecil's projects, and was in sympathy with the intrigues of 1569 against the secretary; was treasurer from 1560 till his death; created earl, 1550, marquis, 1551.
  125. ^ Sir William Paulet, third Marquis of Winchester (1535?-1598), grandson of Sir William Paulet, first marquis of Winchester; knighted before 1559; one of the commissioners to try Mary Queen of Scots, 1586, and lord steward of her funeral, 1587; published The Lord Marques Idlenes 1586 (2nd edit. 1587).
  126. ^ Lord William Paulet (1804-1893), field marshal; educated at Eton; commanded on the Bosphorus, at Gallipoli, and the Dardanelles during the Crimean war; field-marshal, 1886.
  127. ^ Paulinus (fl. 500?), British ecclesiastic; a bishop who lived as an anchorite upon an island; St. David's early teacher.
  128. ^ Paulinus (c. 644), archbishop or bishop of York; a Roman who joined Augustine in Kent in 601; was episcopally ordained, and in 625 accompanied Kthelburga, sister of Eadhald, to Northumbria on her marriage to Edwin; converted Edwin and established his episcopal see at York, labouring incessantly and with great success to convert the Northumbrians; extended his journeys to Llndsey and Nottinghamshire; fled on the overthrow of Edwin (633) to Kndbald, and became bishop of Rochester. He did not receive the archiepiscopal pall until after his flight from Northumbria, and it is therefore doubtful whether he should be reckoned among the archbishops of York.
  129. ^ James Paull (1770–1808), politician; established himself as a trader in Lucknow, c. 1790, returning to England with a fortune in 1804, where be assailed the Indian administration of Wellesley, with whom he had quarrelled in India; entered parliament as M.P. for Newtown in 1805, and at once pressed his cliargea of maladministration against Wellesley, but failed to obtain government support; was not re-elected after the dissolution of parliament in 1806, though he twice stood for Westminster; committed suicide while in pecuniary difficulties.
  130. ^ Abraham Walter Paulton (1812–1876), politician and journalist; lectured for the Anti-Cornlaw League, and edited its journal until the repeal of the com laws in 1846; conducted the Manchester Examiner and Times 1848-64.
  131. ^ Herbert Pauper (d. 1217). See Poor.
  132. ^ Roger Pauper (fl. 1139). See Roger.
  133. ^ Sir Walter Paveley (1319–1375), soldier; served in Brittany and Gascony in the French war; chosen one of the first knights-companions of the order of the Garter, 1350.
  134. ^ William Paver (1802–1871), genealogist; made extensive manuscript genealogical collections for Yorkshire, now in the British Museum: published Pedigrees of Families of the City of York 1842.
  135. ^ George Paxton (1762–1837), Scottish secession divine; studied at Edinburgh; professor of divinity by appointment of the general associate synod, 1807-20, after which be seceded and became professor of divinity to the Associate Synod of Original Seceders.
  136. ^ James Paxton (1786–1860), surgeon and medical writer; M.R.C.S., 1810; practised at Rugby, 1843-58; M.D. St. Andrews, 1845; published medical works.
  137. ^ John Paxton (d. 1780), painter; an original member of the Incorporated Society of Artists, 1766; exhibited portraits at the Royal Academy, 1769 and 1770.
  138. ^ Sir Joseph Paxton (1801–1865), gardener and architect; was superintendent of the gardens at Obatevorth from 1826, and became an intimate friend of the Duke of Devonshire, whom he accompanied on his travels between 1838 and 1840; F.L.S., 1833; designed the plan of the Industrial Exhibition of 1850, after which he was knighted. His building, generally known as the Crystal Palace, was re-erected at Sydenham, 1853-4.
  139. ^ Peter Paxton (d. 1711), medical writer and pamphleteer; M.D., per literas regiat, Pembroke College, Cambridge, 1687; compiled medical and political works.
  140. ^ Stephen Paxton (1735–1787), violoncellist and composer; a professional member of the Catch Club, 1780; published violoncello music.
  141. ^ William Paxton (fl. 1780), violoncellist; brother of Stephen Paxton.
  142. ^ Henry Paye (fl. 1403–1414), sea-captain ; ravaged (he coasts of France and Castile.
  143. ^ Richard Morton Paye (d. 1821), painter; portraits, miniatures, and cnmll
  144. ^ James Payn (1830–1898), novelist; educated at Eton and Woolwich: coiitrihuu-d art irle describing Woolwich Academy to Honnehold Word- thi-n ed Charles Dickon: filtered 1 bridge, 1847: president of the Union; B.A., 185. bu ted regularly to * Household Words and to Chambers Journalof which be became creditor with Leitcl. Ra.-lue , 1858, and was sole editor, 1849-74; resided In I....,d..n. 1861 till death: reader to Messrs. Smith, Elder :i; editor of Tomhill Magazine,* 1883-96. He published, besides numerouH novels, Poems 18M, Private View* 18X2,Some Literary Recollections 1884, 'Gleams of Memory 1894, and "The Backwater of Life (posthumously, 1899).
  145. ^ George Payne (1781–1848), congregational divine; M.A. Glasgow, 1807; minister in Kdint.urgh (18121823) and theological tutor of the Hlakt.urn academy (1823-9) and of the Western academy ( 1829-4* i. Hi-; writings, the most noteworthy of which is Elements of Mental and Moral Science(1828), show a genuine gift for metaphysical speculation.
  146. ^ George Payne (1803–1878), patron of the turf; of Eton and Christ Church, Oxford; dissipated three large fortunes in various forms of extravagance, including racing and gambling.
  147. ^ Henry Neville Payne (fl. 1672–1700), conspirator and author; produced plays and pamphlets: became after the revolution the most active and determined of all King James's agents; instigated the Montgomery plot, 1690, and was arrested on the discovery of the plot; was tortured. 1690, but confessed nothing; kept in prison till December 1700, when he seems to have been liberated. He was the last person tortured in Scotland.
  148. ^ John Payne (d. 1606), bishop of Meath; D.D. Oxford: elected provincial of the Dominicans in England: bishop of Meath, 1434; a strenuous Yorkist, supporting Lambert Simnel on his landing in Ireland in 1487. but after the battle of Stoke was one of the first to make his peace with Henry VII: afterwards on bad terms with Gerald Fitzgerald, eighth earl of Kildare; remained loyal during the rebellion of Perkin Warbeck; master of the rolls in Ireland, 1496.
  149. ^ John Payne (d. 1647?), engraver; an early exponent of line-engraving in England.
  150. ^ John Payne (d. 1787), publisher; a friend of Dr Johnson; carried on a publishing business in Paternoster Row, London, and was employed from 1744 in the Bank of England, where he became accountant-general, 1780.
  151. ^ John Payne (ft. 1770–1800), compiler; originally a publisher: took to authorship on the consumption of his property by fire, and became an indefatigable manufacturer of books.
  152. ^ John Willett Payne (1752–1803), rear-admiral ; paw much service during the war of the American revolution, and at the peace became a boon companion of George, prince of Wales, who made him his private secretary; M.P., Huntingdon; strenuously urged the prince's claim to the regency, 1788; served till 1798 in the war of the French revolution, when ill-health compelled him to retire: rear-admiral, 1799; treasurer of Greenwich Hospital, 1803.
  153. ^ Joseph Payne (1808-1876), professor of education in England; when a schoolmaster, introduced Jacotot's system into England, 1830; nominated first professor of education in England by the College of Preceptors, 187J.
  154. ^ Peter Payne (d. 1458), Lollard and Taborite; born in Lincolnshire; son of a Frenchman by an English wife; educated at Oxford: principal of St. Edmund's Hall, Oxford, 1410-14; adopted Wycliffe's views and fled to Bohemia to avoid persecution, c. 1416; protected by Elizabeth, widow of King Wenceslas, and soon attained a prominent position; joined the sect of the Orphans 1427; a Bohemian delegate at the council of Basle, 1433, where his unyielding temper contributed to the failure of the PohfmJ* to come to term* with the council: Joined the Tmborttaa, 1434, after the outbreak of civil war narrowly escaped arrest as a heretic in subsequent years; died in Prague after t;.. rn.-rthrow of tin- Taborite*: ereral of bis manuscript are extant at Prague niui .:.-.,.
  155. ^ Sir Peter Payne, third baronet de jure (1763-1843), eldest son of Sir Gillies Payne born in wedlock; refuwd to register himself as baronet: M.A. Queens' College, Cambridge, 1787: attacked Pitt's foreign in several pamphlets, written from a whig standpoint: advocated the repeal of the corn laws, 1832.
  156. ^ Sir Ralph Payne, first Baron Lavington (1738?-1807). M.P., Shaftesbury, 1768-71, supporting the ministry; was captain-general and governor-in-chief of toe Leeward islands, 1771-5: M.P., Camelford, 1776-80. Plympton. 1780-4, and Woodstock, 1795-9: an ally of 1795: joined Pitt, 1795; created Baron Lavington (Irish peerage), 1795; reappointed governor of the Leeward islands, 1799, where he died.
  157. ^ Robert Payne (fl. 1590), writer on agriculture ; author of A Briefe Description of Ireland (1590), edited for the Irish Archaeological Society in 1841.
  158. ^ Roger Payne (1739–1797), bookbinder; set up his badness near Leicester Square, London, and became fnrno'i* for IUH bindings; considered by some to have originated a new style of bookbinding, but was undoubtedly influenced by the work of Samuel Mearn and other binders of the end of the seventeenth century; Earl Spencer, the Duke of Devonshire, and Colonel Stanley among his patrons.
  159. ^ Thomas Payne, the elder (1719–1799), bookseller; established himself in the Strand, London; published catalogues annually, 1755-90; retired in favour of his son, 1790: known as Honest Tom Payne.
  160. ^ Thomas Payne , the younger (1752–1831), bookseller; eldest son of Thomas Payne the elder; succeeded hi* father in the business, 1790; transferred his business to Pall Mall, London, 1806; retired, 1825.
  161. ^ William Payne (1650–1696), controversialist; fellow of Magdalene College, Cambridge, 1671-5; D.D., 1689: rector of Whitechapel, London, 1681; wrote against the Roman catholics during the agitation concerning the Popish plot and afterwards against the Unitarians.
  162. ^ William Payne (fl. 1776–1809), water-colour painter; became soon after 1790 the most popular drawing-master in London; increased the resources of watercolour art, especially in the rendering of sunlight and atmosphere: invented Payne's grey.
  163. ^ William Henry Schofield Payne (1804-1878), actor and pantomimist; appeared at Covent Garden, London, 1831, as clown, and afterwards played many parts at Covent Canton, London, Manchester, and Sadler's Wells, London: pre-eminent as a mime.
  164. ^ Robert Payne Smith (1819–1895), dean of Canterbury, orientalist, and theologian; of Pembroke College Oxford: fellow of Pembroke College, Oxford, 1843; was regius professor of divinity at Oxford, 1865-70: dean of Caiitprhury. 1870-95; left almost complete aThesaurus Byriacus which occupied him for thirty-six years; conservative as a theological controversialist.
  165. ^ Maurice De Paynell, Baron of Leeds (1184?-1230). See Gaunt.
  166. ^ Thomas Paynell (fl. 1528–1568), translator; an Austin friar and canon of Merton Abbey, Surrey; chaplain to Henry VIII; translated many books from the Latin from 1528 onwards; an intimate friend of Alexander Barclay; confused by Wood, Cooper, and others with a contemporary Thomas Paynell or Parnel, a companion of Robert Barnes.
  167. ^ David William Paynter (1791–1823), author; published mainly tragedies.
  168. ^ William Paynter or Cambourne (1637-1716), rector of Exeter College, Oxford; feUow of Exeter College, Oxford. 1657: M.A,, 1663 (incorporated at Cambridge 1664); D.D., 1696; rector, 1690-1716.
  169. ^ George Peabody (1795–1869), philanthropist; born in Massachusetts; made a fortune in dry iroods; came to England, 1827; began business in London as a banker and merchant, 1811!: founded the Peuhody dwellings for workmen in various parts of London, and was a munificent benefactor of Harvard and Yale Universities; D.C.L. Oxford, 1869.
  170. ^ Charles William Peach (1800–1886), naturalist and geologist; employed in the customs till 1861; made important researches in the study of marine invertebrates and in geology.
  171. ^ Edmond Peacham (d. 1616), reputed traitor; rector of Hiunon St. George, 1587: a strong puritan: was arrested by the court of high commission, 1614, and. refusing to defend himself against the charge of uttering words of treasonable intent, tortured with the object of drawing a statement from him; condemned to death, 1616; died in gaol.
  172. ^ Henry Peacham (1576?–1643?), author; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1698; master of the free school at Wymondham; painted, drew, and engraved portraits and landscapes, and was besides a musical composer, a student of heraldry, and a mathematician: publishedGraphice 1606, a practical treatise on art, which passed through many editions under the new title of The Gentleman's Exercise given it in 1607; travelled widely (1613-14) as tutor to the sons of Thomas Howard, second earl of Arundel, the great art collector; gained admission into literary society, and quickly made a reputation by his epigrams; published The Co'mpleat Gentleman the work by which he is best known (1622) from the last edition of which (1661) Dr. Johnson drew all the heraldic definitions in his dictionary.
  173. ^ John Peachell (1630–1690), master of Magdalene College, Cambridge; M.A. Magdalene College, Cambridge, 1653; D.D., 1680; foundation fellow, 1656: a staunch toper and unswerving loyalist: elected master, 1679; suspended from his mastership, 1687, for refusing as vice-chancellor of the university to admit the Benedictine Alban Francis to the master's degree until he had taken the oaths: terrified by Jeffreys on his appearance before the council, when he showed great ignorance and timidity; restored by James II, 1688, and (1690) rebuked by Bancroft for drunkenness and ill-conduct; his death said to have been caused by a self-imposed penance of four days abstinence.
  174. ^ John Peachi (fl. 1683), physician; a doctor of medicine of Caen in Normandy; has been frequently confused with John Pechey.
  175. ^ Sir Barnes Peacock (1810–1890), judge; barrister, Inner Temple, 1836; became legal member of the supreme council of India, 1852; chief- justice at Calcutta, 1859-70; knighted, 1859; member of the judicial committee of the privy council, 1872.
  176. ^ Dmitri Rudolf Peacock (1842–1892), traveller and philologist; born in Russia of an English father; consul at Batoum, 1890; consul-general at Odessa, 1891; published original vocabularies of five west Caucasian languages.
  177. ^ Frederick Barnes Peacock (1836–1894), Indian civilian: educated at Haileybury; chief secretary of Bengal, 1883; O.S.I., 1890.
  178. ^ George Peacock (1791–1858), mathematician and dean of Ely; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1814; M.A., 1816; appointed lecturer in mathematics at Trinity College, Cambridge, 1815, and tutor, 1823: from 1835 till 1839 he was sole tutor; F.R.S., 1818; with Robert Woodhouse, Herschel, and Babbage had a great share in introducing analytical methods and the differential notation Into the mathematical course: formed with them (1812) an analytical society, which held meetings, read papers, and published a volume of Transactions; his reputation as a philosophic mathematician greatly increased by the publication of his Algebra 1830; Lowndean professor of astronomy, 1836-68; dean of Ely, 1839-68; persuaded the chapter of Ely to undertake a complete restoration of the cathedral, which was carried out by Sir George Gilbert Scott
  179. ^ George Peacock (1805–1883), sea-captain and shipowner; served as a master in the navy (1828-40), and as a captain in the Pacific Steam Navigation Company (1840-6); published pamphlets.
  180. ^ James Peacock (d. 1653), vice-admiral; active in the parliamentary navy as a commodore admiral; kill.-d in the concluding actiou of ti. war (29-31 July 1653).
  181. ^ James Peacock (1738?-18l4), architect; practised in London; wrote on architecture and social problems, his main project being to find employment for the destitute,
  182. ^ John Macleay Peacock (1817–1877), verse writer: a boiler-maker by trade; an active chartist and the author of several volumes of verse.
  183. ^ Lucy Peacock (fl. 1785–1816), bookseller and author: kept a shop in Oxford Street, London; wrote tales for children, mainly anonymously.
  184. ^ Reginald Peacock (1395? –1460?). See Pecock.
  185. ^ Thomas Peacock (1516?–1582?), president of Queens' College, Cambridge; fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1534; M.A., 1537; B.D., 1554; president of Queens' College, Cambridge, 1558-9: after the accession of Queen Elizabeth lost all his preferments for adhering to the Roman catholic faith, resigning the presidency in order to avoid expulsion.
  186. ^ Thomas Bevill Peacock (1812–1882), physician; M.D. Edinburgh, 1842; F.R.C.P., 1850; a founder of the Pathological Society (1846) and of the Victoria Park Hospital, London; published medical works.
  187. ^ Thomas Love Peacock (1785–1866), novelist, poet, and official of the East India Company; son of a London merchant; found mercantile occupation and employment as secretary to Sir Home Riggs Popham equally uncongenial, and was enabled by his private means to live mainly for study: friend of Shelley: entered the East India Company's service in London, 1819; chief examiner, 1837-56; published satirical novels interspersed with lyrics, among the most notable beingHeadlong Hall(1816),Melincourt(1817),Nightmare Abbey (1818), The Misfortunes of Elphin (1829), and Crotchet Castle (1831); published Paper Money Lyrics and other Poems 1837.
  188. ^ Peada (d. 666), under-king of the South Mercians ; eldest son of Penda; ealdorman of the Middle Mercians, 653; baptised on his marriage with the daughter of Oswy: under-king of the South Mercians, 655; slain the following Easter.
  189. ^ James Peak or Peake (1703?–1782?), engraver; engraved landscape in the manner of Thomas Vivares.
  190. ^ Richard Brinsley Peake (1792–1847), dramatist; wrote numerous farces and comedies between 1818 and 1847 for the London theatres.
  191. ^ Robert Peake (d. 1626?), serjeant-painter to James I; extolled by Henry Peacham for his skill in oil-painting.
  192. ^ Sir Robert Peake (1592?–1667), print-seller and royalist; son of Robert Peake: knighted, 1645; one of the garrison of Basing House, 1645; exiled for refusing the oath of allegiance to Cromwell; appointed vice-president and leader of the Honourable Artillery Company after the Restoration; published a number of engravings by Faithorne.
  193. ^ Thomas Peake (1771–1838), serjeant-at-law and legal author; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1796; serjeant-at-law, 1820; published reports of proceedings in the king's bench.
  194. ^ Sir Edward Lovet Pearce (d. 1733), architect; M.P., Ratoath (Irish parliament), 1727: designed Irish parliament house on College Green, Dublin (commenced, 1729). The building now the bank of Ireland was completed by Arthur Dobbs, 1739.
  195. ^ Nathaniel Pearce (1779–1820), traveller; lived at Tigr from 1806 to 1818; died at Alexandria; his journals published, 1831.
  196. ^ Samuel Pearce (1766–1799), hymn-writer; baptist minister in Birmingham.
  197. ^ Thomas Pearce (. 1722–1766), legal author; ombe Regis, 1722-6; oommUsi.. 1727; published The Complete Justice of the Peace 1766, and other works.
  198. ^ Sir William Pearce, first baronet (1833–1888), naval architect: founded the Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company (chairman, 1886); M.P., Govan, 1886-8; created baronet, 1887.
  199. ^ Zachary Pearce (1690–1774), successively bishop of Bangor and Rochester; fellow of Trinity College. Cambridge, 1716-20: obtained the patronage of Thomas Parker, first earl of Macclesfleld, and received rapid preferment; dean of Winchester, 1739; consecrated bishop of Bangor, 1748; translated to Rochester, 17M; refused the bishopric of London, 1761; published theological and classical works, including an edition of Longinus 1724 (9th edit. 1806).
  200. ^ George Peard (1594?–1644), parliamentarian; of the Middle Temple; sat in the two parliaments of 1640; took an active part in the proceedings against Stratford: assisted in the unsuccessful defence of Barnstaple against Rupert, 1643.
  201. ^ John Whitehead Peard (1811–1880), 'Garibaldi's Englishman'; a youth of great stature and extra* ordinary muscular strength son of Shuldham Peard ; M.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1836; barrister, Inner Temple, 1837; joined Garibaldi's forces, 1859, distinguished himself at the battle of Melazzo, 1860, and commanded the English legion during Garibaldi's advance on Naples; received from Victor Emmanuel the cross of the order of Valour.
  202. ^ Shuldham Peard (1761–1832), vice-admiral; saw much service during the French wars of the revolution: showed great courage in repressing a mutiny (1797) on the St. George, of which he was in command; vice-admiral, 1830.
  203. ^ Cora Pearl (1842–1886), courtesan; her real name Elizabeth Emma Crouch; from 1858 resided chiefly in Paris, where she was a prominent figure during the second empire; died in Paris in poverty after numerous wanderings.
  204. ^ William Pearhan (fl. 1810–1824), vocalist; originally a seaman; made his debut at the English Opera House, 1817. His tenor voice, veiled in tone, was unsuited for large houses.
  205. ^ Steuart Adolphus Pears (1815-11875), schoolmaster and author: brother of Sir Thomas Townsend Pears; B.A. Corpus Ohristi College, Oxford, 1836; fellow; head-master of Hepton, 1854-74, raising the number of pupils from fifty to three hundred; published Sir Philip Sidney's correspondence with Languet, 1845.
  206. ^ Sir Thomas Townsend Pears (1809–1892), major-general, royal engineers; entered the East India Company's service, 1823: served in the Chinese war (1840-2) as commanding engineer: consulting engineer for railways in Madras, 1851-7; retired with honorary rank of major-general, 1861; military secretary at the India office, 1861-77; K.C.B., 1871.
  207. ^ Richard Pearsall (1698–1762), dissenting divine; independent minister at Bromyard, at Warminster, 1731-47, Taunton, 1747-62; published religious works, feebly imitating James Hervey (1714-1758)
  208. ^ Robert Lucas (de) Pearsall (1796–1856), musical composer; wrote a cantata at the age of thirteen, entitledSaul and the Witch of Endor settled at Wartensee, on Lake Constance, 1842; his name chiefly identified with the composition of madrigals.
  209. ^ Edward Pearse (1633?–1674?), nonconformist divine; B.A. St. John's College, Oxford, 1664; a prolific author; ejected from the poet of preacher at St. Margaret's, Westminster, 1662.
  210. ^ Edward Pearse (1631–1694), divine; M.A. Jesus ; College, Oxford, 1667: a Northamptonshire vicar and a controversialist: confused by Wood with Edward Pearse (1633?-1674?).
  211. ^ Thomas Deane Pearse (1738?–1789), colonel; colonel, 1779: commanded the Bengal sepoy corps serving in Madras, 1781-3.
  212. ^ William Pearse (1625–1691), ejected minister; of Exeter College, Oxford; presented to living of Dunsford, 1655; ejected, 1662.
  213. ^ Alexander Pearson, Lord Southall (d. 1657), Scottish judge: lord of session, 1649-51: a judge of the high court, 1654.
  214. ^ Anthony Pearson (1628–1670?), quaker; became (1648) secretary to Sir Arthur Hesilrige; acted as clerk and registrar of the committee for compounding from its appointment in 1649: became a quaker, e. 1663; wrote in reprobation of the persecution of the Friends; enlarged on the same theme in a personal interview with Cromwell. 1654; published his well-known work, "The Great Case of Tythes truly stated 1657 (latest edition, 1850): his loyalty suspected after the Restoration; renounced his faith in his endeavour to stand well with government; under-sheriff for Durham, 1665.
  215. ^ Charles Buchanan Pearson (1807–1881), divine; eldest son of Hugh Nicholas Pearson; B.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1828; rector of Knebworth, 1888; published Latin Translations of English Hymns 1862.
  216. ^ Charles Henry Pearson (1830–1894), colonial minister and historian; son of John Norman Pearson ; was educated at King's College, London, and Oriel and Exeter Colleges, Oxford: M.A. Oxford, 1856; professor of modern history at King's College, London, 1855-65: lectured on modern history at Trinity College, Cambridge, 1869-71; emigrated to South Australia (1871) on account of his health; removed to Victoria, 1874; took a deep interest in the public affairs of that colony, and (1878) undertook an inquiry for its government into the state of education in Victoria; minister of education in Victoria, 1886-90, completely reorganising the system in vogue, separating primary from secondary education, and raising the pay of certified teachers; author of The History of England during the Early and Middle Ages 1867, which occasioned some controversy with Edward Augustus Freeman; published (1893) National Life and Character, a Forecast containing very pessimistic conclusions respecting the future of mankind.
  217. ^ Edward Pearson (1756–1811), theologian; M.A., 1785, B.D., 1792, and fellow of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge; master of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, 1808; D.D., 1808; vice-chancellor, 1808; published treatises on theological and ecclesiastical questions.
  218. ^ Eglington Margaret Pearson (d. 1823), glass-painter; daughter of Samuel Paterson and wife of James Pearson: assisted her husband in his art, and after his death (1805) practised independently.
  219. ^ George Pearson (1751–1828), physician and chemist; physician to St. George's Hospital, London, 1787; P.R.8., 1791, and member of the council; an early advocate of vaccination, and one of the first Englishmen to welcome the chemical theories of Lavoisier, which he diil much to spread in England by translating (1794) the Nomenclature Chimique
  220. ^ Hugh Pearson (1817–1882), canon of Windsor; son of Hugh Nicholas Pearson; M.A, Balliol Coll-p, Oxford, 1841: installed canon of Windsor, 1876; a close friend of Arthur Penrhyn Stanley
  221. ^ Hugh Nicholas Pearson (1776-1856), dean of Salisbury; M.A. St. John's College, Oxford, 1803; D.D., 1821: dean of Salisbury, 1823-46; author of biographies of the missionaries Claudius Buchanan and Christian Friedrich Schwartz.
  222. ^ James Pearson (d. 1805), glass-painter; introduced some improvements into the colouring of glass; married Eglington Margaret Pearson.
  223. ^ John Pearson (1613–1686), bishop of Chester: fellow of King's College, Cambridge, 1834-40: M.A., 1639: IU., e. 160; prebendary of Salisbury and rector of Thoringtou, 1640; joined the last remnant of Charles I party in the west, acting as chaplain (1645) to Goring's ; forces; on the collapse of the royal cause withdrew to ! London, where he remained till the Restoration, devotimr 1 himself to study; accepted ( 1654) post of weekly preacher at St. Clement's, Eastcheap, London, where he prrachcil in substance the oeries of discourses which he published in 1659 as anExposition of the Creed within its limitthe most perfect and complete production of English dogmatic theology; while debarred from the full exercise of his ministry, defended the church with his pen against both Romanist and puritan assailants, and interested himself in promoting the polyglot bible, which established his reputation as a scholar; after the Restoration made prebendary of Ely and archdeacon of Surrey, and appointed a royal chaplain: became master of Jesus College, Cambridge, 1660; chosen with John Earle by convocation, 1661, to superintend a translation into Latin of the Book of Common Prayer; elected master of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1662, and during his tenure of office wrote Vindiciae Epistolarum S. Ignatii(1672), in defence of the authenticity of the letters ascribed to Ignatius of Antioch, a position which has been confirmed by the recent labours of Zahn and Lightfoot; consecrated bishop of Chester, 1673, his elevation to the episcopate having been long delayed by the influence of the Cabal ministry: careful and painstaking in discharging his episcopal duties, though Burnet gives another account of him; a tomb was erected over his grave in Chester Cathedral (1860) by his admirers in England and America. The 1 Exposition of the Creed on which his reputation still mainly rests, has long been a standard book in English divinity. The notes of the Expositiona rich mine of patristic and general learning are at least as remarkable as the text, and form a complete catena of the best authorities upon doctrinal points. He was probably the ablest scholar and best systematic theologian among Englishmen of the seventeenth century. His learning and critical skill were greater than his originality.
  224. ^ John Pearson (1758–1826), surgeon; house-surgeon to the Lock Hospital, London, 1782-1818; F.R.S., 1803; published medical treatises.
  225. ^ Sir John Pearson (1819–1886), judge; son of John Norman Pearson; M.A. Caius College, Cambridge, 1844; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1844; created judge, 1882; knighted, 1882.
  226. ^ John Loughborough Pearson (1817–1897), architect; worked with Anthony Salvin and Philip Hardwick in London: began practice independently, 1843; F.S.A., 1853; F.R.I.B.A., 1860; engaged on restorations at Lincoln Cathedral, 1870; architect for new cathedral of Truro, 1879-87: gold medallist, R.I.B.A., 1880: R.A., 1880; he restored Westminster Hall, c. 1885, and north transept of Westminster Abbey, and was also engaged in restorations at Peterborough, Canterbury, Bristol, Rochester, Ohichester, and Exeter cathedrals. He was a consummate master of building according to mediaeval precedent.
  227. ^ John Norman Pearson (1787–1865), divine; son of John Pearson (1758-1826); Hulsean prizeman. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1807; principal of the missionary college at Islington, 1826; published theological works.
  228. ^ Sir Richard Pearson (1731–1806), captain in the navy; captured by John Paul Jones (1779) while commanding the Serapis; knighted for his brave resistance to superior force, which caused Jones to remark, Should I have the good fortune to fall in with him again, I'll make a lord of him.
  229. ^ Richard Pearson (1765–1836), physician; M.D. Edinburgh, 1786; physician to the General Hospital, Birmingham, 1792-1801; wrote a number of medical treatises.
  230. ^ Thomas Hooke Pearson (1806–1892), general; educated at Eton; saw much service in India: general, 1877.
  231. ^ William Pearson (1767–1847), astronomer; F.R.S. and hon. LL.D., 1819; largely instrumental in founding the London Astronomical Society, 1820; published an Introduction to Practical Astronomy (vol. i. 1824, vol. ii. 1829).
  232. ^ William Henley Pearson-Jervis (1813-1883). See Jervis.
  233. ^ Charles Peart (fl. 1778–1798), sculptor; pro nrkoi" it monumental character; gold mnl.ilhst, Koyal Academy, 1782: last exhibited, 1798.
  234. ^ Edward Peart (1768?–1824), physician; practised at Hutterwick: chiefly remembered for his works on physical and chemical theory.
  235. ^ Edward Pease (1767–1868), railway projector; constructed the flwt railway line. It ran from Stockton to Darlington, and was opened in 1826. Pearse was persuaded by George Stepbenson to employ steam i m.-t ion. He wan a founder of toe Peace Society.
  236. ^ Henry Pease ( 1807–1881, railway projector; son of Edward Pease; constructed the line across Stainmoor, 1861.
  237. ^ Joseph Pease (1799–1872), railway projector; son of Edward Pease; persuaded the mine-owners of the utility of railways, to which they were opposed till c. 183U.
  238. ^ Thomas Peat (1708–1780), almanac-maker; edited the Gentleman's Diary from it* foundation in 1741 till his death, and also Poor Robin's Almanac
  239. ^ Charles Pebody (1839–1890), journalist; edited the Yorkshire Post, 1881-90.
  240. ^ Richard Peche (d. 1182), bishop of Lichfield; consecrated, 1161; excommunicated by Becket (1170) for his share in the coronation of Prince Henry,
  241. ^ Sir George Richard Brooke Pechell, fourth baronet (1789-1860), vice-admiral; grandson of Sir Paul Pechell: entered the navy, 1803, served chiefly in American waters; whig M.P. for Brighton, 1835-60; vice-admiral, 1868.
  242. ^ Sir Paul Pechell, first baronet (1724–1800), soldier; entered the army, 1744; served in Holland, 1747; lieutenant-colonel, 1762; created baronet, 1797.
  243. ^ Sir Samuel John Brooke Pechell, third baronet (1786-1849), rear-admiral; grandson of Sir Paul Pechell; entered the navy, 1796; took part in the redaction of Martinique (1810); M.P., Halleatone, 1830, Windsor, 1833: a lord of the admiralty, 1830-4, 1839-41; rear-admiral, 1846.
  244. ^ John Pechey (1655–1716), medical writer; M.A. New Inn Hall, Oxford, 1678: practised in London; L.R.C.P., 1684; published medical treatises. His methods of advertisement were those of an apothecary rather than of a physician. He has often been confused with John Peachi
  245. ^ Francis Peck (1692–1743), antiquary: M.A, Trinity College, Cambridge, 1713: rector of GoadbyMarwood, 1723-43; prebendary of Lincoln, 1738-43; F.S.A., 1732; devoted himself to the study of antiquities from 1721; exhibited in his well-known Desiderata Curiosa(1732-6) a remarkable faculty for the accumulation of out-of-the-way facts; his researches, which were mainly confined to the seventeenth century, not sufficiently concentrated to render him an expert in dealing with subjects of controversy; published, among other works, A Complete Catalogue of all Discourses written both for and against Popery in the time of James II 1735 (edited for the Chetham Society, 1859), Memoirs of Oliver Cromwell 1740, and New Memoirs of the Life and Poetical Works of Mr. John Milton 1740.
  246. ^ James Peck (1773–1810?), musician; composed songs, glees, and hymn-tunes.
  247. ^ Peter Peckard (1718?–1797), whig divine; M.A. Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1742; probationary fellow, 1744: rector of Fletton, 1760-97; vicar of Yaxley, 1760-77; appointed master of Magdalene College, Cambridge, 1781; dean of Peterborough, 1792; published sermons and tracts of a liberal tendency, and in later life drew attention to the evils of the slave traffic.
  248. ^ Thomas Pecke (fl. 1665–1664), verse-writer; of Caius College, Cambridge; barrister, Inner Temple, 1664: published, besides other verses, Parnassi Puerperium a collection of epigrams, 1868.
  249. ^ Sir Edmund Peckham (1496?–1564), treasurer or master of the mint (appointed, 1546); M.P., Buckinghamshire, 1554; privy councillor; knighted, 1555; helped to carry into effect Queen Elizabeth's measures for the restoration of the coinage: voluntarily exiled himself (1564) on account of the final triumph of protestantism; died at Rome.
  250. ^ Sir George Peckham (d. 1608), merchant venturer; son of Sir Edmund Peckham; knighted, 1570; associated with Gilbert, Grenville, and Carleill in American explorations.
  251. ^ Henry Peckham (d. 1556), conspirator; son of Sir Edmund Peckhnm; M.P., Chipping Wycombe, 1552-3, 1556; hanged for conspiring to rob the exchequer.
  252. ^ John Peckham (d. 1292), archbishop of Canterbury: studied at Oxford; proceeded, c. 1250, to Paris, where he enjoyed the favour of Margaret, wife of Louis IX, and defended the doctrine of St. Thomas Aquinas on the Unity of Form; returned to Oxford, t. 1270; elected (e. 1276) ninth provincial minister of the Franciscans in England; summoned to Rome a year or two later by Pope Nicholas III, ami made Lector sacri palatii or theological lecturer in the schools in the papal palace: nominated, 1279, by Nicholas III archbishop of Canterbury very much against his will: as a friar was naturally inclined to favour the pretensions of the papal see; his tenure of office marked by several bold though ineffectual attempts to magnify ecclesiastical authority at the expense of the temporal power; his attitude made by Edward I the occasion for passing the statute of Mortmain or De Religiosis; precipitated the overthrow of Llywelyn's power by his pretensions to authority over the Welsh church, and after the completion of the conquest took various measures intended to. bring the church in Wales into conformity with English customs; in his ecclesiastical administration in England applied himself with much zeal to the correction of abuses in the church, passing statutes at the council of Rending (1279) and the council of Lambeth (1281) to check the growth of plurality; involved by his insistence on his visitorial rights (1280) in a dispute with Edward I; lost no opportunity of advancing the interests of the two great mendicant orders, especially those of his own order; appointed by Pope Nicholas III protector of the privileges of the order of minors in England; inter* posed on the behalf of the Franciscans against the Cistercians of Scarborough, 1281, and denied the claim of the Dominicans to superiority over them; condemned (1284) at Oxford certain erroneous opinions in grammar, logic, and natural philosophy, and gave a decision on the vexed question of the form of the body of Christ, involving the received doctrine of the eucharist, which brought him into conflict with the Dominicans. He was a voluminous writer of treatises on science and theology, as well as of poetry. Twenty-five of his treatises are extant, of which four have been printed,Perspectira Communis Milan, 1482),Divinaru Seutentiara Libroru Biblie ad certos titulos redacte Collectariu (Paris, 1613), De Summit Trinitate et Fide Catholica * (London, 1510), Philomela (Paris, 1503), the last erroneously printed among the works of St. Bona venture.
  253. ^ William Peckitt (1731–1795), glass-painter; was brought up as a carver and gilder, bnt adopted glass-painting as a profession; did much for English cathedrals, and for the collet bridr. colleges of Oxford and Cam
  254. ^ Henry Peckwell (1747–1787), divine; of St. Edmund Hall, Oxford; chaplain to the Counters of Huntingdon; bis outspoken preaching in the chapel of the Magdalen Institution, Dublin, much resented; rector of Bloxholm-cum-Digby; published A Collection of Psalms and Hymns c. 1760.
  255. ^ Sir Robert Henry Peckwell, afterwards Blosset (1776–1823), judge : only son of Henry Peckwell; M.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1799; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1801: serjeant-at-law, 1809; chief-justice of Calcutta, 1822-3; knighted, 1822.
  256. ^ Reginald Pecock (1395?–1460?), bishop successively of St. Asaph and Chichester; a Welshman by birth;- ft:: College, Oxford, 1417: B.D., 14*5; master (1431) of Whittington College, London, where he distinguished himself by his writing against the Lollards; promoted by papal provision to the bishopric of St. Asaph, 1444; excited indignation by preaching at St Paul's Cross, London, against church reform, 1447: translated to Chichester, 1460; publicly attached to the bouse of Lancaster by his appointment, which was one of the last acts of William le la Pole, first duke of Suffolk; subsequently became a privy councillor: issued (1465) Represser of over much Blaming for the Clergy, a work directed against lollard teachings and a monument of fifteenth-century English, clear and pointed in style; issued (1466) his Book of Faith also in English (the greater part printed in 1688); in another work, the 'Proroker not extant, denied the authenticity of the ApostlesCreed, of which be had already issued a revised version; alienated by such writings every section of theological opinion in England: cited with his accuser before Thomas Bouchier, Archbishop of Canterbury, 1457, and in November expelled from the privy council; his creed condemned: and after making a public abjuration at St. Paul's Cross, London, resigned his bishopric (1468) and was sent to Thorney Abbey in Cambridgeshire, where he probably lived in seclusion. His Represser and the Book of Faith have been printed, and a collection of excerpts from his works included in Foxe's Commentarii Rerum in Ecclesia Getarum (.1554).
  257. ^ Pecthelm (d. 735), first bishop of Whithorn; consecrated, 730; learned in ecclesiastical law; friend of Boniface
  258. ^ Pectwin (d. 776), bishop of Whithorn; consecrated in 763.
  259. ^ John Pedder (1520?–1571), dean of Worcester; M.A. Cambridge, 1542; B.D., 1552; being a protestant went abroad on Queen Mary's accession; returned, 1558; dean of Worcester, 1559-71.
  260. ^ James Peddie (1758–1845), presbyterian divine; of Edinburgh University; minister of the Bristol Street secession church in Edinburgh, 1782-1845; twice moderator; took a leading part in the old and new light controversy as a new light
  261. ^ John Peddie (d. 1840), lieutenant-colonel; ensign, 1805; lieutenant-colonel 31st foot, 1830, 72nd higblanders, 1832; K.H., 1832; at Izolo Berg in Kaffraria defeated the Kaffirs in a night attack, 1835.
  262. ^ William Peddie (1805–1893), minister; of Edinburgh University; son of James Peddie; appointed colleague and successor to his father at Bristo Street, Edinburgh, 1828; moderator 1855.
  263. ^ Alexander Peden (1626?–1686), covenanter ; of Glasgow University; ordained minister of New Luce 1660; ejected, 1663, for refusing to obtain episcopal collation; byjiis power of speech and supposed prophetical Mirnr UiO SVPWd Ul BpCTTUU nlll SUpUOSfXl PrOPnetlCal I Lpcvai - uc &11VW11 O UIWUMOTVOTMTO MMVf uaLLTC mow as well as his extraordinary hardships, influence among the conventicles of southern imprisoned on the Bass Rock, 1673, but liberated, 1678; spent his last days in a cave near Sorn In
  264. '^ Jonathan Peel tory M.P. for Norwich, 1836, for Huntingdon, 1831-68: surveyor-general of the ordnance, 1841-6, under his brother, Sir Robert Peel; secretary for war under Lord Derby, 1858 and 1866, resigning office in 1867 rather than support Disraeli's scheme of reform; noted for his devotion to horseracing and his extensive acquaintance with all matters connected with the turf.
  265. ^ Sir Lawrence Peel (1799–1884), chief-justice of Calcutta; nephew of Sir Robert Peel, first baronet; of Rugby and St. John's College, Oxford; M.A., 1824; barrister, Middle Temple, 1824, bencher, 1856, treasurer, 1866; knighted, 1842; was chief- justice, 1842-55; created D.C.L. Oxford, 1868.
  266. ^ Paul Peel (1861–1892), Canadian painter; born in Ontario; studied in Paris, where he settled; his art entirely French in character.
  267. ^ Sir Robert Peel, first baronet (1750–1830), manufacturer; son of Robert Peel, parent of the calicoprinting industry in Lancashire; applied the discoveries of Arkwright and Hargreaves in his business; M.P., Tamworth, 1790, and took an interest in industrial and financial measures; carried an act (1802) for the preservation of the health of apprentices and others, which was the forerunner of all factory reform.
  268. ^ Sir Robert Peel , second baronet (1788–1850), statesman; eldest son of Sir Robert Peel, first baronet ; educated at Harrow and Christ Church, Oxford; double first class, 1807; tory M.P. for Cushel (seat bought for him by his father), 1809; under-secretary for war and the colonies under Lord Liverpool, 1810-12; chief secretary for Ireland, 1812-18; successfully opposed catholic emancipation, and established the peace preservation police, vulgarly called peelers; met with vehement opposition from O'Connell, with whom he declined a duel, 1815; M.P., Oxford University. 1817; carried 'Peel's Act (1819) providing for the resumption of cash payments in 1823; began to distrust rigorously unchanging toryism as a political creed; rejoined Lord Liverpool's ministry as home secretary, 182?; after effecting important reforms in criminal law, resigned office on account of his opposition to catholic emancipation (April 1827); after Canning's death (August 1827) laboured successfully to reunite the tory party, and in January 1828 joined Wellington's administration as home secretary and leader of the House of Commons; abandoned his opposition on finding the country determined on catholic emancipation, and (March 1829) introduced a bill for granting the measure; M.P., Westbury, 1829, Tamworth, 1830 and 1833; resigned office (November 1830) on the defeat of Wellington's government; became premier (November 1834) at the instance of William IV, holding the offices of first lord of the treasury and chancellor of the exchequer; confronted in the Commons by a hostile majority, and outvoted six times in six weeks; resigned office (April 1835), and retiring to opposition gradually bnilt up a great party, which became known as the conservative party, a name first wuvi -11*00 AHUA., 1DO, UUL gained I uge in 1831, its policy being to maintain intact the established constitution of church and state; on the resignation of Melbourne, 1839, summoned to form a cabinet, but was unable to acquiesce in the retention of the whig ladies of the bedchamber, on which Melbourne resumed office; the question of the household being decided in his favour, and the government having been defeated, Peel formed a ministry, Aug. 1841; seyen past or future prime ministers and five future viceroys of India members of his party; held no post beyond that of first lord of the treasury; introduced (1842) his first budget, in which he began his task of lightening the burden of indirect taxation, and make good the temporary deficiency by the imposition of an incometax; had repealed 605 duties by 1846, largely reducing 1,035 others; increased consumption by this system of lightening imposts on trade; ensured for English trade  : , T.; entered the army, 1816; major-general, the country so much that the funds rose from 89 almost to par; reorganised the Bank of England, and initiated a policy of reform in Ireland, which, however, he had not been able to carry very far before the downfall of his ministry; the great work of his administration was the repeal of the corn laws; steadily opposed the cry for repeal till 1845, although desirous of ameliorating the condition of consumers; inclined to free trade by his experiment* relaxation of other duties; led by the failure of th i 1815, with its threat of Imminent famine, to ;i m.r;iMirt-involving the ultimate repeal of the aws failed to carry his cabinet with him, and d, 9 Dec. 1845; resumed office, 20 Dec. 1845, Lord Msell having failed to form a government,.-upby all bis former colleagues except Stan! wards Lord Derby): introduced (January 1846) his corn law and customs bill into the Commons, in which he proposed the total repeal of the corn duties, though the ports were not to be completely opened till 1849; in spite of the strenuous resistance of many of his former followers succeeded in getting the bill passed through the Lords by 25 June 1846, but on the same night was defeated in the Commons over the first reading of his Irish bill by a combination of whigs and protectionists; resigned office, 29 June 1846; refused the Garter; during the few succeeding years of opposition organised no party, but constituted himself the guardian of the policy of free trade and the mainstay of the whig government; thrown from his horse on Constitution Hill, 29 June 1850, and died from his injuries on 2 July. In an age of revolution he alone had the foresight and strength to form "a conservative party, resting not on force or corruption, but on administrative capacity and the more stable portion of the public will. While always decided in his measures, when he had resolved on a line of action, no statesman was more controlled by a sense of public duty. Wellington said of him, I never knew a man in whose truth and justice I had more lively confidence
  269. ^ Robert Pedley (1760–1841). See Peverell.
  270. ^ Pedrog (d. 650?), British saint; was of royal birth, but declining a crown retired to a monastery and founded the ancient church of Bodmin.
  271. ^ David Peebles or Peblis (d. 1579), musician; canon of St. Andrews before the Reformation: wrote the music of tbo famous St. Andrews harmonised psalter and probably the words also.
  272. ^ Richard Peecke (fl. 1680–1626). See Pike.
  273. ^ John Peel (1776–1864), Cumberland huntsman. ' the first position in the world, and improved the credit of maintained a pack of hounds at his own expense at Cald* "" * ** "*"* **"-*- Q0 - 1 3f f " famous through the song ";ten imprompta by his friend beck for fifty years. John Woodcock Graves.
  274. ^ Sir Robert Peel, third baronet (1822–1895), politician; eldest son of Sir Robert Peel, second baronet ; of Harrow and Christ Church, Oxford; entered the diplomatic service, 1844; M.P., Tarnworth, 1850, Huntingdon, 1884, Blackburn, 1885; became Irish secretary, 1861, in Palmerston's ministry, but in 1865, under Russell, was succeeded by Chicbester Forteecue; his political career marred by his lack of dignity and his inability to accept a fixed political creed; G.C.B., 1866.
  275. ^ Sir William Peel (1824–1858), captain in the navy; son of Sir Robert Peel, second baronet; entered the navy, 1838; captain, 1849; distinguished himself by his bravery at Sebastopol during the Crimean war and by his services with the naval brigade during the Indian mutiny; was severely wounded at the second relief of Lucknow, and while still weak succumbed at Cawupore to an attack of confluent small-pox.
  276. ^ William Yates Peel (1789–1858), politician; son of Sir Robert Peel, first baronet; of Harrow and St. John's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1815; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1816; tory MJ*. for Boesiney, 1817-18, Tamworth, 1818-30, Yarmouth, Isle of Wight, 1830-1 Cambridge University, 1831-5, Tamworth, 1835-7 and 1847-52; held office under Liverpool, Wellington, and his brother, Sir Robert Peel, being under-sec retary for the home department, 1828, and twice a lord of the treasury, 1830 and 1834-5.
  277. ^ George Peele (1558?–1597?), dramatist; son of a London citizen and salter; educated at Christ's Hospital, London, and Broadgates Hall (Pembroke College) and Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1579; esteemed as a poet at Oxford; led a dissipated life, and in 1579 turned out of his father's dwelling, within the precincts of Christ's Hospital, by the governors of the institution; married before 1583, and acquired some land in his wife's right; almost certainly a successful player as well as playwright; bis lyrics popular in literary circles. His works which are very numerous, fall under three heads, plays, pageants, and gratulatory and miscellaneous verse Among his plays may be mentioned The Arraignment of Paris (presented to Queen Elizabeth by the chapel children e. 1581) and The Battle of Alcazar (printed, 1594): among his miscellaneous verse, Polyhymnia 1590, and The Honours of the Garter lo3. His dramatic writings show versatility of fancy and brilliancy of imagery, but betray a lack of constructive power.
  278. ^ Thomas Peend or de la Peend (fl. 1565), translator and poet; of Oxford University; a London barrister; translated 4 The pleasant Fable of Hermaphroditua and Salmacis 1565, from the Metamorphoses.
  279. ^ Richard Peers (1685-1739), author; son of Richard Peers; M.A. Trinity College, Oxford, car of Faringdon, 1711-39; publishedThe (1717) and other 1708: vicar of Faringdon, Character of an Honest Dissenter works.
  280. ^ William Peer (d. 1713), actor; became property nan ut the Theatre Royal ( 1 miry Lane), London; celebruted by Steele in the Guardian (No. 82).
  281. ^ William Peeris (ft. 1520), family chronicler; secretary to Sir Henry (Algernon) Percy, fifth earl of Northumberland; wrote aMetrical Chronicle of the 1'ercies (now in the British Museum),
  282. ^ Richard Peers (1646–1690 0, translator and author; of Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford: M.A., 1671: translated the History and Antiquitiesof Anthony Wood into Latin, 1674.
  283. ^ Andrew Peerson or Pierson (d. 1594), divine; fellow of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge; M.A., 1644-6; chaplain to Archbishop Parker; held livings in Kent; prebendary of Canterbury, 1563; took part in preparing or press the BishopsBible
  284. ^ Martin Peerson, Pierson, or Pearson (1590?-1651?), musical composer; Mus. Bac. Lincoln College, Oxford, 1613; master of the choristers at St. Paul's Cathedral, London; published songs, airs, and madrigals.
  285. ^ Gerard Peeters (fl. 1682–1592), author; of Westminster School; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1687; M.A., 1590; probably author of two small treatises on memory.
  286. ^ John Peeters or Pieters (1667–1727), painter; born at Antwerp; came to England, 1686: a skilled copyist, and called Doctor Peeters from his success in repairing damaged pictures.
  287. ^ Sir Christopher Pegge (1766–1822), physician; son of Samuel Pegge (1733-1800); B.A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1786; fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, 1788; M.A. and M.B., 1789; F.R.S., 1796: knighted, 1799; regius professor of physic at Oxford, 1801-22.
  288. ^ Samuel Pegge , the elder (1704–1796), antiquary; M.A., St. John's College, Cambridge, 1729, and held various fellowships there; prebendary of Lichfield, 17671796, of Lincoln, 1772-96; created LL.D. Oxford, 1791; published works on English antiquities.
  289. ^ Samuel Pegge, the younger (1733–1800), antiquary, poet, and musical composer; of St. John's College, Cambridge; barrister, Middle Temple; a groom of the king's privy chamber; F.S.A., 1796; composed catches, glees, and popular songs; wrote elegies and prologues, and published books on antiquarian topics,
  290. ^ Thomas Williamson Peile (1806–1882), author and divine; fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1829; M.A., 1831; D.D., 1843; bead-master of Kepton, 1841-64; vicar of Luton, 1857-60; vicar of St. Paul, South Hampstead, 1860-73: works include editions of the Agamemnon of scbylus, 1839, and of the Choephori 1840.
  291. ^ James Peirce (1674?–1726), dissenting divine; independent minister at Cambridge, 1701-6; presbyterian minister at Newbury, 1706-13; minister at Exeter, 17131719: his theology originally SabeUian; claimed by his correspondent Whiston as u Unitarian, though he rejected thedistinctive opinionof Anus; suspected (1716) of Arianisin, and, refusing to subscribe to any proposition not in scripture, was ejected from his Exeter charge, 1719. His published works were very numerous.
  292. ^ Francis Peirson (1757–1781), major, 1780; stationed in Jersey in January 1781, when St. Hehers was surprised by the French under Baron de Rullecour; at the head of the regular troops and island militia worsted the French and regained the town, but fell at the moment of victory. C*U T - **
  293. ^ Pelagius (fl. 400–418), heresiarch; born in Britain ; came to Rome early in the fifth century, and became prominent as a theological disputant; proceeded to Palestine, accused of heresy by Orosius on behalf of the an church, 415, and acquitted by a synod at Jerusa . on an appeal to Rome was called on by Innocent I to abjure, bat was declared cleared (417) by Pope Zosimus: Tbeodosius, tine emperor, being influenced against him, he was finally condemned (418), after which his hi.-tcr., wy obscure. He was opposed to the Augustiniun doctrine of predestination and of original
  294. ^ Joyce Pelgrim (fl. 1504–1514), stationer in London; conducted a business in St. Paul's Churchyard in partnership with Henry Jacobi.
  295. ^ Sir Edmund Pelham (d. 1606), chief baron of the exchequer in Ireland; brother of Sir William Pelham; reader. Gray's Inn, 1688: M.P., Hastings, 1697; serjeant-at-law, 1601; appointed chief baron, 1602; knighted, 1604; first English judge to go on circuit in the north of Ireland.
  296. ^ Frederick Thomas Pelham (1808–1861), rear-admiral: son of Thomas Pelham, second earl of Chichester; entered the navy, 1823; rear-admiral, IMt
  297. ^ George Pelham (1766–1827), bishop successively of Bristol, Exeter, and Lincoln; son of Thomas Pelham, first earl of Chichester; B.A. Clare College, Cambridge, 1787; consecrated bishop of Bristol, 1803; D.C.L. Lambeth; translated to Exeter, 1807, to Lincoln, 1820; notorious for his greed of lucrative office.
  298. ^ Henry Pelham (1696?–1764), statesman; son of Thomas Pelham, first baron Pelham; of Westminster School and Hart Hall, Oxford; served as a volunteer in the defeat of the Jacobites at Preston; entered parliament as M.P., Seaford, 1717, and consistently supported Walpole and Townshend; M.P., Sussex, 1722-1754; nominated secretary at war, 1724; paymaster of the forces, 1730; first lord of the treasury and chancellor of the exchequer, 1743; after 1746 was with his brother, the Duke of Newcastle, supreme in parliament, though nearly breaking up the party for a time by his quarrel (1749) with Newcastle. He was a timid, peace-loving politician, without any commanding abilities or much strength of character. He was, however, a good man of business, and both an able and an economical financier. His parliamentary influence was chiefly maintained by an elaborate system of corruption.
  299. ^ Henry Pelham (1749–1806), painter; son of Peter Pelham; painted historical subjects and miniatures; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1777 and 1778.
  300. ^ Henry Thomas Pelham, third Earl of Chichester (1804–1886), son of Thomas Pelham, second Earl of Chichester; of Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge; major in the army, 1841, resigning, 1844; head of the church estates committee, 1860-78. To him were largely due the reforms carried out in the management and distribution of church revenues.
  301. ^ Herbert Pelham (1600–1673), colonist; joined *Massachusetts Company, 1629, and went to Massachusetts, 1635: took an active part in the settlement of Sudbury: returned to England, 1647.
  302. ^ John de Pelham (d. 1429), treasurer of England; ot a Sussex knight; an early supporter of Henry IV 111 * u." 8ful Attempt on the crown, 1399; made constable of Pevensey 1400; keeper of the New Forest, and steward of the duchy of Lancaster, 1405; treasurer, 1412, but deprived of his office on Henry Vs accession.
  303. ^ John Thomas Pelham (1811-1894), bishop of Norwich; son of Thomas Pelham, second earl of Chichester; of Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford: M.A. and D.D., 1857; consecrated, 1857; resigned see, 1893; a life-long friend of Henry Edward Manning, the cardinal.
  304. ^ Nicholas Pelham (1517-1560)
  305. ^ Peter Pelham (d. 1751), mezzotint engraver; produced a number of excellent portraits in London between 1720 and 1726; emigrated to to Boston, Massachusetts, 1726; first artist resident in New England, publishing first mezzotint plate executed there.
  306. ^ Sir Thomas Pelham , fourth baronet and first Baron Pelham of Laughton (1650?–1712), a member of the whig party; M.P., East Grinstead, lti7tf-9, Lewes, h;7i-1702, Sussex, 1702; held various minor otli.vs; (.ivan-d baron, 1706.
  307. ^ Thomas Pelham, first Earl of Chichester and second Baron Pelham of Stanmer (1728-1805), great-nephew of Sir Thomas Pelham, first baron Pelham ; M.P., Rye, 1749, Sussex, 1754-68; a follower of his cousin, the Duke of Newcastle; created Earl of Chichester, 1801. He held several lucrative sinecures.
  308. ^ Thomas Pelham, second Earl of Chichester (1756-1826), eldest son of Thomas Pelham, first earl of Chichester; of Westminster School and Clare Hall, Cambridge: M.A., 1775; M.P., Sussex, 1780; acted with the Rockingham whigs; appointed surveyor-general of the ordnance, 1782; from 1783 remained in opposition till 1794, when he joined the old whigs, who supported Pitt's foreign policy; Irish secretary, 1795-8; home secretary under Addington, 1801; removed by Addinerton to the chancellorship of the duchy of Lancaster, 1803; deprived of this office by Pitt, 1804; joint- postmaster-general, 18071823, and sole holder of the office, 1823-6.
  309. ^ Sir William Pelham (d. 1587), lord-justice of Ireland; half-brother of Sir Nicholas Pelbam; commanded the pioneers at the siege of Leith, 1560, and at Havre, 1562; subsequently lieutenant-general of the ordnance, being occupied for several years in strengthening the defences of the kingdom: knighted by Sir William Drury; chosen lord-justice, 1579, and in that year and 1580 carried on vigorous warfare in Munster; appointed marshal of Leicester's force in the Netherlands, 1681, serving in the Netherlands till 1587.
  310. ^ Sir Thomas Pelham-Holles, fifth baronet, first Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne and of Newcastle under Lyme, Earl of Clare, second Baron Pelham of Laughton, and first Baron Pelham of Stanmer (1693-1768), eldest son of Sir Thomas Pelham, first baron Pelham: of Westminster School and Clare Hall, Cambridge; created LL. D., 1728; chancellor of Cambridge University, 1748; assumed the name of Holies, 1711, on succeeding to the estates of his uncle, John Holies, duke of Newcastle; created Earl of Clare, 1714, Duke of Newcastle, 1715; adhered at first to Townshend, but on the schism of 1717 went over to Suuderland and was made lord chamberlain; became secretary of state for the southern department, 1724; as Walpole's power declined began to coquet with the opposition, aud increased Walpole's difficulties by his high tone to the Spanish court on the occasion of the merchantspetition; on Walpole's resignation managed the negotiations which led to the formation of Lord Wilmington's administration, retaining the seals of the southern department for himself; took advantage of the Jacobite rebellion to force Pitt on George II as secretary of war, 1746; succeeded Pelham as first lord of the treasury, 1754, but was driven to resign, 1766, by the ill-success of the French war: formed a coalition with Pitt, 1757. but in 1762, having acquiesced in forcing Pitt out of office, found he hail played into Bute's bands, and was driven to resign; pursued into retirement by Bute's hostility and deprivul.i his posts; lost his adherents in face of this proscription; was lord privy seal in Rockiugham's administration (July 1765 to August 1766). Many stories are told of his ignorance of common things; though a master of political corruption, he was not himself corrupt, aud died 300,000. poorer for his lialf-century of official life.
  311. ^ John Pell (1611–1686), mathematician; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1630 (incorporated at Oxford, 1631); professor of mathematics (1643) at Amsterdam, whence he removed (1646) to Breda: returned to England ; 1(562) and was employed by Cromwell as a diplomatist in Switzerland, 1664-8; rector of Fobbing, 1661-85; vicar of Laindon, 1663-85; D.D. Lambeth, 1663: died in poverty. His mathematical reputation was great, but he accomplished little, and left nothing of moment.
  312. ^ Sir Watkin Owen Pell (1788–1869), admiral; entered the navy, 1799; employed in the defence of Cadiz, 1811-13; knighted, 1837; K.C.H., 1837; admiral, 1861.
  313. ^ William Pell (1634-1698), nonconformist divine; M. A. Magdalene College, Cambridge; fellow, 1656; ejected from the rectory of Great Stainton, 1662; subsequently pastor at Boston, 1687-94, and Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1694-98.
  314. ^ Apsley Pellatt (1791–1863), glass manufacturer; possessed a glass warehouse in Southwark, and took out several patents for glass manufactures; published Curiosities of Glass Making, 1849.
  315. ^ Carlo Pellegrini (1839–1889), caricaturist; born at Capua; came to England, 1864; known by his caricatures in Vanity Fair signed Ape from 1869 onwards.
  316. ^ Thomas Pellett (1671?–1744), physician; M.B. Queens' College, Cambridge, 1694; M.D., 1706; Harveian orator, 1719; president of the Royal College of Physicians, 1736-9.
  317. ^ Sir Edward Pellew , first baronet and first Viscount Exmouth (1767–1833), admiral; entered the navy, 1770; earned repeated promotion by his gallantry, and (1793) took the first frigate In the French war: under circumstances of great bravery saved the crew and passengers of a transport driven ashore at Plymouth Sound, 1796, and was created a baronet; while commanding a frigate (1797), with a companion frigate destroyed the French 74-gun ship, the Droits de rilomiue, in an action which became famous; prevented a general mutiny (1799) while in command of a squadron in Bautry Bay by throwing himself among the mutineers, seizing a ringleader and securing him with his own hands; M.P., Barnstaple, 1802; supported the admiralty in parliament against hostile criticism; rear-admiral, 1804; commauderIn-chief in the East Indies, 1804, where In 1807 he destroyed the Dutch fleet; vice-admiral, 1808; returned to England, 1809; nominated Commander-in-chief in the North Sea, 1810; commauder-in-chief in the Mediterranean, 1811; admiral of the blue, 1814: O.C.B., 1816; bombarded Algiers (1816) on the refusal of the dey to abolish Christian slavery, for which feat he received honours from most of the states of Christendom, and was raised to the dignity of a viscount; commander-in-chief at Plymouth, 1817-21; vice-admiral of the United Kingdom, 1832.
  318. ^ Sir Fleetwood Broughton Reynolds Pellew (1789–1861), admiral ; son of Sir Bdward Pellew, first viscount Exmouth; entered the navy, 1799: O.B.,1816; K.C.H.,1836; commauder-in-chjef on the East India and China station, 1852, where in 1863 his arbitrary severity provoked a mutiny, the third which had broken out under his command; summarily recalled in consequence; saw no further service; admiral, 1858; died at Marseilles.
  319. ^ George Pellew (1793–1866), theologian; son of Sir Edward Pellew, first viscount Exmouth; M.A. Corpus Ohristi College, Oxford, 1818: D.D., 1828; dean of Norwich, 1828-66, holding also other preferments; wrote sermons and tracts, and published (1847) the life of his father-in-law, Henry Addington, first viscount Sidmouth
  320. ^ Sir Israel Pellew (1758–1832), admiral; brother of Sir Edward Pellew, first viscount Exmouth; entered the navy, 1771; captured the French flagship, the Bucentaure, at Trafalgar; K.C.B., 1816; admiral, 1830.
  321. ^ Thomas Pellew or Pellow (fl. 1715–1738), captive in Barbary; was captured off Finisterre in English merchantman by two Sallee rovers, 1715: was converted to Islam and remained in captivity In the sultan's service till 1738, when he escaped and returnee to Cornwall, his native county. In 1739 were published bis experiences, which in regard to detail are more inte resting than authentic.
  322. ^ Edward Pellham (fl. 1630–1631), sailor; published( 1631) a narrative of his residence in Greenland in the previous winter (frequently reprinted),
  323. ^ Edward Pelling (d. 1718), divine: of Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge: fellow 1664; M.A., 1666: D.D., 1689; prebendary of Westmin ster, 1683-91: rector of Petworth, 1691-1718: a stou .l.-i.-n.lcr of the Anglican church in his writings atrains both Roman catholics and dissenters.
  324. ^ Sir John Henry Pelly, first baronet (1777-1852), governor of the Hudson's Bay Company; mainly .neutal (1836) in sending out the exploring parties . under Peter Warren Dease and Thomas Simpson (1808-1840), did so much for the discovery ofthe north-west passage and the coast-line of North America: reated baronet.
  325. ^ Sir Lewis Pelly (1826–1892), Indian official; nephew of Sir John Henry Pally; educated st Rngby; entered the Bombay arm utenant 1887; assistant resident at Baroda, 1861-3: served in the Persian war, 1867: secretary of the legation at Teheran; went on a special mission through Afghanistan and BeluchUtun in I860, riding from Persia to India without an escort; political agent and consul at 1861-2, and on the Persian Gulf, 1862-71; K.C.S.L, 1874; despatched as special commissioner to Baroda to Investigate the disordered condition of that e, 1874; was sent to Pesha war as envoy extraordinary, 1877; K.C.B., 1877; returned to England, 1878; conservative M.P. for North Hackney, 1886-92.
  326. ^ Saville Marriott Pelly (1819–1895), surgeon-general; brother of Sir Lewis Pelly; educated at Winchester College and Guy's Hospital, London; C.B.; w service in India, retiring as inspector-general of hospitals in the Bombay presidency, 1870.
  327. ^ Robert Pember (d. 1560), scholar; fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1524; was one of the great group of scholars at St. John's College, Cambridge, In llrn-y ill's reign who raised that college to the highest place among English centres of learning; taught Roger Ascham Greek; reader in Greek at Trinity College, Gambridge, 1546-60.
  328. ^ Charles Reeoe Pemberton (1790–1840), actor and lecturer; seized by the press-gang, 1807; served in the navy seven years; acted in tragic parts, and in later life recited and lectured, chiefly at mechanicsinstitutes,
  329. ^ Christopher Robert Pemberton (1766–1822), physician; grandson of Sir Francis Pemberton ; M.D. Oaius College, Cambridge, 1794; F JLO.P., 1796; censor, 1796, 1804, and 1811, and Harveian orator, 1806; published, 1806,A practical Treatise on various Diseases of the Abdominal Viscera
  330. ^ Sir Francis Pemberton (1625–1697), judge; B.A. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1644: barrister, Inner Temple, 1664, bencher, 1671, Lent reader, 1674; serjeant-atrlaw, 1675; was arrested (1675) by the House of Commons, in spite of the protection of the House of Lords, for appearing in the case of Crisp r. Dalmahoy; knighted, 1675; puisne judge on the king's bench, 1679; lord chief-justice, 1681; chief-justice of the common pleas, 1683: removed from the bench (September 163) and privy council (October 1683) for want of zeal against Lord Russell; by his successful defence of the seven bishops helped to bring about the revolution; thrown into gaol (1689) for an attack on parliamentary privilege in 1682, and lay there until the prorogation.
  331. ^ Henry Pemberton (1694–1771), physician and writer; MJ. Leyden, 1719; employed by Newton to superintend the third edition of the Principia 1726; Gresham professor of physic, 1728; prepared the fifth 4 London Pharmacopoeia for the Royal College of Physicians (published, 1746).
  332. ^ Thomas Pemberton (afterwards Pemberton-Leigh), Baron Kingsdown (1793–1867), a descendant of Sir Francis Pemberton: barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1816; achieved great success in equity: conservative M.P., Rye, 1831-2, Ripon, 1836-43; repeatedly refused honours, including the great seal; created a baron, 1868, and strengthened the appellate tribunal of the House of Lords.
  333. ^ William Pemble (1592?-1623), puritan divine: M.A. Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 1618; an able exponent of Calvinism in his numerous writings, besides being famous as a preacher.
  334. ^ Christopher Pembridge (fl. 1370?), Irish annalist; apparently the author ofAnnales Hiberniw (1162-1370). The original manuscript Is in the Bodleian, and was first printed at the end of Camden's Britannia 1607.
  335. ^ Richard de Pembridge or Pembrugge (d. 1375), soldier; fought at Sluys, 1340, at Poitiers, 1356; K.0..1SM,
  336. ^ Earls of Pembroke . See ARNULP, yf. 1090–1110 ; Richard de Clare, second EARL of the Clare line, d 1176; MARSHAL, WILLIAM, first EARL of the Marshal line, d. 1819: MARSHAL, WILLIAM, second EARL, d. 1231; MARSHAL, RICHARD, third EARL, d. 1234: MARSHAL, UILBKRT, fourth EARL, d. 1241: MARSHAL, WALTKR, fifth KARL, d. 1845; MARSHAL, ANSELM, sixth EARL, d. 1245; VMER DB VALENCE, d. 1324: HASTINGS, LAURENCE, first KARL of the Hastings line, 1318 7-1348; HASTINGS, JOHN, second EARL, 1347-1376; TUDOR, JASPKR, 14317-1495; HERBERT. SIR WILLIAM, first EARL of the Herbert line of the first creation, d. 1469; HKRBKRT, WILLIAM, second EARL, 1460-1491; HERBERT, SIR WILLIAM, first EARL of the Herbert line of the second creation, 15017-1570: HERBERT, HENRY, second EARL, 1534 7-1601: HERBERT, WILLIAM, third EARL, 1680-1630: HERBERT, PHILIP, fourth EARL, 1684-1660; HERBERT, PHILIP, fifth EARL, 1619-1669: HERBERT, PHILIP, seventh EARL, 1653-1683; HKRBKRT, THOMAS, eighth EARL, 1656-1733; HKIIBKRT, KY, ninth EARL, 1693-1751; HKRBKRT, HENRY, tenth EARL, 1734-1794; HERBERT, GEORGE AUGUSTUS, eleventh EARL, 1769-1827: HKRBKRT, GEORGE ROBERT CHARLES, thirteenth EARL, 1860-1895.
  337. ^ Pembroke, titular Earl of (d. 1296). See William de Valence.
  338. ^ Countesses of Pembroke . See HERBERT, MARY, 1666 7-1681; CLIFFORD, ANNE, 1590-1676.
  339. ^ Thomas Pembrooke (1662?–1690?), painter; painted small domestic or mythological pictures.
  340. ^ Stephen de Pencester (d. 1299), warden of the Cinque ports ; appears as warden after 1271; was a conspicuous and ancoessf ul figure among the minor agents of Edward I's policy, and superintended the laying out of the site and constructing the buildings of New Winchelsea, the port which Edward ordered to be constructed to replace Old Winchelsea, which was swallowed up by the sea.
  341. ^ Penda (677?–665), king of the Mercians ; came to the throne, 626, and raised the Mercians from a mere tribe to a powerful people; became the champion of heathenism against Christianity; delegate of the West-Saxons at Oirencester, 628, and (633) defeated the Northumbrians and slew Edwin at Heathfield; reduced the EastSaxons to dependence and (642) slew Oswald, king of the Northumbrians; defeated and slain at Winwaed by Oswy, Oswald's successor.
  342. ^ John Pendarves (1622–1656), puritan controversialist; B.A. Exeter College, Oxford, 1642; anabaptist minister at Abingdon; subsequently a Fifthmonarchy man; publishedArrowes against Babylon (1656), attacking the church of Rome, the English church, and the quakers.
  343. ^ Sir John Pender (1815–1896), pioneer of submarine telegraphy; engaged as merchant in textile fabrics at Glasgow and Manchester; director of first Atlantic Cable Company, 1856; joint-founder of AngloAmerican Company, 1866; chairman of Telegraph Construction and Maintenance Company, to which he personally guaranteed 260,000*.; liberal M.P. for Totnes, 1866-6 (unseated on petition ), and Wick boroughs (liberal), 1878-88, and (liberal unionist) 1892-6; K.C.M.G., 1888; G.C.M.G., 1898.
  344. ^ Richard Penderel (d. 1672), royalist; a Staffordshire yeoman; primarily instrumental with his four brothers in the escape of Charles II after Worcester; at Uie Restoration was with them rewarded and pensioned.
  345. ^ Sir Thomas Pendergrass (1660?–1709). See Prendergast.
  346. ^ Henry Pendlebury (1626–1695), dissenting divine; M.A. Christ's College, Cambridge; ejected from Holcome, near Bury, 1662; one of the most learned nonconformists of his day. Most of his works were published posthumously.
  347. ^ James Pendlebury (f. 1758?), colonel; the last officer to bear the title of master-gunner of England, an office which he obtained in 1709.
  348. ^ Frederick Henry Snow Pendleton (1818-1888), divine; educated at Ghent and St. Aldan's College, Birkenhead; English chaplain in several foreign towns, ami (1882) rector of St. Sampson's, Guernsey; published Lettres Pastorales 1851.
  349. ^ Henry Pendleton (d. 1657), Roman catholic controversialist; M.A. Brasenose College, Oxford, 1544: D.D., 1552; a zealous protestant under Edward VI, and a zealous Romanist under Mary; published two homilies, 1555.
  350. ^ Uther Pendragon. See Uther.
  351. ^ Sir Thomas Pengelly (1675–1730), chief baron of the exchequer; barrister, Inner Temple, 1700, bencher, 1710; appointed king's prime serjeant, 1719; knighted, 1719; judge in 1726: M.P., Cockermouth, 1717 and 1722: died of gaol fever at Taunton.
  352. ^ William Pengelly (1812–1894), geologist; lectured on mathematics and geology in various parts of Great Britain; P.G.S., 1850; F.R.S., 1863; the geology of Devonshire was his principal study.
  353. ^ Edward Penington (1667–1711), surveyorgeneral of Pennsylvania, 1700; son of Isaac Penington q. v.
  354. ^ Sir Isaac Penington or Pennington (1587?-1660), lord mayor of London; a fishmonger by trade; sheriff in 1638; a staunch puritan; represented the city of London in the Short and Long parliaments, and was chosen lord mayor in 1642 and 1643; his influence in the city of London invaluable to parliament on the outbreak of hostilities in raising loans and supplies for the army; member of the commission for the trial of Charles I, but declined to append his signature to the death-warrant; one of the council of state, 1648; knighted, 1649; died in the Tower of London after the Restoration,
  355. ^ Isaac Penington or Pennington (1616-1679), puritan and quaker; eldest son of Sir Isaac Penington; joined the Friends, 1657, to the indignation of his father; imprisoned (1660) for refusing the oath of allegiance; suffered several subsequent confinements; published religious treatises.
  356. ^ Sir John Penington (1568?–1646), admiral; second cousin of Sir Isaac Peningtou; vice-admiral under Ralegh in the voyage to the Orinoco, 1617; served against Algiers, 1621, under Sir Robert Mansell; commanded (1625) a squadron placed at the disposal of the French king, and intended by Richelieu for service against the Huguenots; knighted, 1634; in command in the Downs (1639) when Troinp violated English neutrality by attacking the Spanish fleet there; superseded by parliament, 1642; remained attached to Charles I, with the nominal rank of lord high admiral, but without any fleet to command.
  357. ^ John Penington (1655–1710), quaker; eldest son of Isaac Penington; engaged in controversy with George Keith (1639 7-1716)
  358. ^ Thomas Penketh (d. 1487), schoolman; famous as a theologian and philosopher; D.D. Oxford; teacher of theology at Padua, 1474; a pupil of Duns Scotus, whose works he edited.
  359. ^ John Penkethman (fl. 1623–1638), accountant ; published * Artachthos, or a new booke declaring the Assise or Weight of Bread (1638) and other works.
  360. ^ Aaron Edwin Penley (1807–1870), water-colourpainter; exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1835-57; published various elaborate treatises on his art, some of them illustrated by chromolithography.
  361. ^ Granville Penn (1761–1844), author; son of Thomas Penn; of Magdalen College, Oxford; clerk in the war department; published a number of competent translations from the Greek, and many theological and semi-scientific works.
  362. ^ James Penn (1727–1800), divine; M.A. Balliol College, Oxford, 1752; grammar master of Christ's Hospital, London, 1753-67; vicar of Clavering-cumLangley, 1760-1800; published chiefly miscellaneous tracts and sermons.
  363. ^ John Penn (1729–1795), colonist; grandson of William Penn (1644-1718): lieutenant-governor of Pennsylvania, 1763-71, and 1773-6; tin- predominance of his family in the state i-nde.i lv the American revolution.
  364. ^ John Penn (1760–1834), miscellaneous writer; son of Thomas Penn: created M.A. Clare Hall. Cambridge, 1779, and LL.l). 1811; went to tlel in Buckinghamshire, 17Ht; published poems, plays, and pamphlets.
  365. ^ John Penn (1770–1843), engineer; improved the oscillating engine of Aaron Manby
  366. ^ John Penn (1805–1878), engineer; son of John Penn (1770-1843); succeeded his father in the firm of John IVun k Sons at Greenwich.
  367. ^ Richard Penn(1736–1811), colonist; grandson of William 1'enu (1644-1718); deputy-governor of Pennsylvania. 1771-3.
  368. ^ Richard Penn (1784–1863), humorist; son of Richard Penn (1736-1811): entered the colonial ofBoe; F.R.S., 1824; published Maxims and Hints for an Angler 1833, and other works.
  369. ^ Thomas Penn (1702–1775), colonist; son of William Penn (1644-1718); with his brother succeeded his father as joint- proprietor of Pennsylvania, 1718.
  370. ^ Sir William Penn (1621–1670), admiral and general at sea; after some service on the Irish coast was engaged in the pursuit of Prince Rupert, 1651-2; served under Blake in the Dutch war, and at the battle off Portland (18 Feb. 1653); while in command of the blue squadron rescued Blake and redeemed the fortunes of the day: as commander of the white squadron had a very important share in the victories of 2-3 June and of 29-31 July, 1653; made one of thecommissioners for ordering and managing the affairs of the admiralty and navy December 1653: appointed general and commanderin-chief of the fleet directed to act against the Spanish West Indies in conjunction with General Robert Venables , 1654; failed in an attack on St. Domingo in April 1655, but captured Jamaica in May; on his return to England was committed to the Tower of London, ostensibly for returning home without leave; released after a few weeks on making an abject submission; retired to his estates in Munster, where he remained in secret correspondence with the royalists until the eve of the Restoration; knighted at the Restoration, and made a commissioner of the navy; as Pepys's superior officer came in for a good deal of abuse in Pepys's Diary; accompanied the Duke of York (1666) to the fleet and served with him in the campaign against the Dutch, with title of great captain commander: probably drew upThe Duke of York's Sailing and Fighting Instructions(code of instructions); present at the battle of Lowestoft (3 June 1665), but incurring undeserved censure, was not employed again afloat, though he continued in the navy office till his death.
  371. ^ William Penn (1644–1718), quaker and founder of Pennsylvania; son of Sir William Penn: educated at Christ Church, Oxford; from early boyhood he united a taste for athletic sports with a strong bent towards mystical pietism; sent down from Oxford for nonconformity, 1661; after some time spent in travel and naval service was admitted a student at Lincoln's Inn, 1665; attached himself to the quakers, 1667: committed to the Tower of London, 1668, for publishing his once celebratedSandy Foundation Shaken in which he assailed the Athanasian doctrine of the Trinity, the Anselmian rationale of the atonement, and the Oalvinistic theory of justification; wrote in the Tower No Cross no Crown (1669), an eloquent and learned dissertation upon the Christian duty of self-sacrifice (frequently reprinted); his release obtained by his father, July 1669, through the intercession of the Duke of York; suffered frequent persecutions and imprisonments and exerted himself to lighten the hardships of the quakers; turned his thoughts seriously to America as a refuge from persecution for his co-religionists, and (1682) obtained grants of East New Jersey and of Pennsylvania by letters patent, and as proprietor and governor was invested by the charter with executive and legislative power; formed a Free Society of Traders of Pennsylvania 1682, and framed, in concert with Algernon Sidney, a constitution and code of laws for the colony, by which all modes of religious worship compatible with monotheiHm and religious liberty were to IK- tolerated: nailed for A:: mber 1883) and foiichnliii a treaty with tin- Lrnni I-nupe Indians; the population of his mlony increased by a steady Influx of bunlgnntl from Germany, Holland, and Scandinavia, as well as from tin- British Isles; returned to England, 1684, hoping much from the accession of James II, whom he iHli.-vfl to be a sincere advocate of toleration, his hopes U-iuir fluttered by James II from motives of policy; being frequently closeted for hours with the king, was denounced as a Jesuit by some, and courted as a royal favourite by others; lias been charged on insufficient evidence by Lord Macaulay with having accepted the odious office of extorting from the families of theTauntou Maids the ransom assigned by James H's queen to her maids of honour: interceded with James II for the fellows of Magdalen, and endeavoured to procure the release of the seven bishops; was nevertheless summoned before the council on the Revolution as an adherent of the fugitive king, and was held to bail; remained, however, in London in constant communication with Lord Sidney and other friends at court until he obtained (1693) a formal assurance of William Ill's goodwill towards him: resumed the practice of itinerant preaching, 1693, and undertook literary work; returned to Pennsylvania (1699) with the intention of settling there for the rest of his life; came to England (1701) to oppose a bill for converting the province into a crown colony; he was well received by Queen Anne, and resided successively at Knightsbridge, at Brentford, and at Ruscomb, where he died. He was buried at Jordans, near Chalfont St. Giles. His piety was profound, and though he bad little or no interest in humane learning for its own sake, his knowledge of the Christian and pre-Christian mystics was considerable, and enabled him to give to the doctrine of the light within a certain philosophical breadth. His theological polemics, though for the most part occupied with questions of ephemeral importance, evince no small controversial power. His works were numerous; a collective edition appeared in 1726, with a life by Joseph Besse
  372. ^ William Penn (1776–1845), author; elder son of Richard Penn (1736-1811); of St. John's College, Cambridge; wrote for the Gentleman's Magazine and the Anti-Jacobin
  373. ^ Richard Pennant, Baron Penrhyn (1737?-1808), whig M.P. for Petersfleld, 1761, Liverpool, 1767, 1768, 1774, and 1784; created baron, 1783; did much to develop the Welsh slate trade in Carnarvonshire.
  374. ^ Thomas Pennant (1726–1798), traveller and naturalist; of Queen's College, Oxford; travelled on the continent and in Ireland and Scotland: drew other tooriste to the highlands by hisTour in Scotland (1771). His name stands high among naturalists of the eighteenth century. His British Zoology 1766 (new edit. 1812) and hisHistory of Quadrupeds 1781 (3rd edit., 1793), long remained classical works. Gilbert White published his Selborne in the form of letters to Pennant and Daines Barrington
  375. ^ Alexander Pennecuik (1652-1722), physician and poet; M.D: possessed an estate In Tweeddale, where he practised as a physician; published satires and other pieces, often coarse, but full of humour; his works reprinted (1762).
  376. ^ Alexander Pennecuik (d. 1730), poet; possibly nephew of Alexander Pennecuik (1653-1722); author of several meritorious poems and satires: dil in want after a life of dissipation.
  377. ^ Catherine Pennefather (1818–1893), hymnwriter; daughter of Rear-admiral James William King; married William Pennefather, 1847; after her husband's death carried on his religious work at Mildmay Park, Islington.
  378. ^ Edward Pennefather (1774?–1847), Irish judge; brother of Richard Penuefatber (OTS-1B*) ; M.A. Dublin, 1832: called to the Irish bar, 1796: bencher of King's Inns, Dublin, 1S29; solicitor-general for Ireland, 1836 and 1841; chief-justice of the queen** bench, 1841, retiring, 1846.
  379. ^ Sir John Lysaght Pennefather (1800–1873), general; cousin of Richard Pennefather (1773-1859) q. v.; entered the army, 1818: commanded a brigade at Alma * division at Inkermau, where he bore the brunt of jbt wttogSeat credit; G.O.B, 1867.
  380. ^ Richard Pennefather (1808–1849), politician; -on of Ricliani rciinefather (1773-1859): B.A. ford, 1828: entered at Lincoln's Inn, for Ireland, 1845.
  381. ^ Richard Pennefather (1773–1859), Irish judge; B.A. Dublin, 1794: called to the Irish bor, 1795; aDDoiafeed chief baron of the Irish exchequer, 1821: wit on the bench for thirty-eight years.
  382. ^ William Pennefather (1816–187S), divine; son of Richard Pennefather (1773-1859): B.A. Trinity Cottage, Dublin, 1840: incumbent of Christ Church, S3L 1858, of St. Jude's, Mildmay Park, Islington, 1864; commenced at Barnet, and continued at Mildmay Park, conferences on missionary enterprise, which gave rise to many permanent organisations for home and foreign mission work.
  383. ^ Sir James Pennethorne (1801–1871), architect; employed by government from 1832 to prepare plans for improvement* in the metropolis: his designs thought too extensive to be adopted in their entirety, but New Oxford Street and Kndell Street carried into execution from them; knighted, 1870; did much important work in connection with government buildings,
  384. ^ John Pennethorne (1808–1888), architect and mathematician; brother of Sir James Pennethorne; But discovered (18) the incorrectness of the general belief that the system of design in Greek architecture was absolutely rectilinear.
  385. ^ William Penney, Lord Kinlorn (1801-1872), Scottish judge; educated at Glasgow University; raised to the bench, 1858: author of religious works in prose and
  386. ^ John Fitzgerald Pennie (1782–1848), writer ; wrote comedies, tragedies, and epic poems: published an autobiography, "The Tale of a Modern Genius(1827), under the pseudonym of Sylvaticus
  387. ^ Sir Isaac Pennington (1745–1817), physician; fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1768; M.A., 1770; M.D., 1777; appointed professor of chemistry at Cambridge, 1773; F.R.C.P., 1779; Harveian orator, 1783; regius professor of physic, 1793; knighted, 1796.
  388. ^ James Pennington (1777–1862), writer on currency and banking; engaged by the treasury to regulate the West Indian currency, 1833; frequently consulted by government on questions of currency and finance.
  389. ^ Sir John Pennington (d. 1470), soldier; fought In Scotland and for the Lancastrians during the civil war; presented by Henry VI with a cup, known as the luck of Muncaster(still preserved at Muncaster Castle).
  390. ^ Sir John Pennington , first Baron Muncaster in the peerage of Ireland and fifth baronet (1737-1813), descendant of Sir John Peutiington (d. 1470); entered the army, 1766; M.P., Milbourne Port, 1781, 1784, and 1790: follower of Lord North; M.P., Colchester, 1796, Westmorland, 1806, 1807, and 1813, supporting Pitt; created an Irish peer, 1783.
  391. ^ Sir Lowther Pennington, second Baron Muncaster and sixth baronet (1745–1818), brother of Sir John Pennington, first baron Muncaster; entered the army, 1764: general, 1808.
  392. ^ Montagu Pennington (1762–1849), biographer and editor; M.A. Trinity College, Oxford, 1784; vicar of Northbourne, 1806-49; perpetual curate of St. George's Chapel, Deal, 1814-49; wrote Memoirs (1807) of his aunt, Elizabeth Carter q.v., and edited her letters and the Works (1809) of Catherine Talbot
  393. ^ Edward Penny (1714–1791), portrait and historical painter; foundation member of the Royal Academy of Art*, 1768, and its first professor of painting.
  394. ^ John Penny (d. 1520?), successively bishop of Bangor and Carlisle; of Lincoln College, Oxford; LL.D. Cambridge; consecrated bishop of Bangor in 1504; translated to Carlisle, 1508.
  395. ^ John Penny (1803–1885), journalist: edited the Sherborne Journal 1828-58.
  396. ^ Nicholas Penny (1790–1858), brigadier-general; served with the utmost distinction throughout the siege of Bhurtpore (1825), the first Sikh war (1846-8), and the Indian mutiny; C.B., 1846; second class brigadier, 1851; killed by the mutineers while commanding the Meerut division.
  397. ^ Thomas Penny (d. 1589), botanist and entomologist; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1559; prebendary of St. Paul's, London, 1560 (deprived for nonconformity, 1577).
  398. ^ John Pennycuick (d. 1849), brigadier-general; served in Java (1811), Afghanistan (1839), Aden (1841), and in the second Sikh war (1848-9); K.H., 1837: O.B., 1839; killed at Chillianwalla.
  399. ^ John Farrell Pennycuick (1829–1888), general; eldest son of John Pennycuick: served in the Crimea (1854-6), in the Indian mutiny (1867), and in China (1860); C.B., 1861; general, 1886.
  400. ^ John Pennyman (1628–1706), pseudo-quaker; fought for Charles I in the civil war; joined the quakers, c. 1658; claimed a special portion of the inner light and (1670) was committed to prison for burning quaker books in the Royal Exchange; married Mary Boreman, his deceased wife's sister, 1671; wrote with her several works, including The Quakers Rejected 1676.
  401. ^ Sir William Pennyman, first baronet (1607–1643), royalist; of Christ Church, Oxford, and the Inner Temple, 1623; created baronet, 1628; bencher, Gray's Inn, 1639; sat in the Short and Long parliaments for Richmond, 1640; disabled from sitting, 1642: fought at Edgehill, 1642; appointed governor of Oxford, 1643.
  402. ^ Baron Penrhyn (1737?–1808). See Richard Pennant.
  403. ^ Sir Charles Vinicombe Penrose (1759–1830), vice-admiral; rear-admiral, 1813; placed in command of a squadron co-operating with the army in the Peninsula; chief in command in the Mediterranean, 1814 and 1816; K.C.B. and G.c.M.G., 1816; vice-admiral, 1821.
  404. ^ Elizabeth Penrose (1780–1837), writer for the young: daughter of Edmund Oartwright; married John Penrose, 1814. She wrote school histories of England (1823) and France (1828), under the pseudonym of Mrs. Markham taking that name from the village where her aunts resided.
  405. ^ Francis Penrose (1718–1798), medical writer; practised surgery for many years at Bicester; a voluminous writer of pamphlets upon scientific subjects cognate to medicine.
  406. ^ John Penrose (1778–1859), divine; of Exeter and Corpus Christi Colleges, Oxford; M.A., 1802; held several preferments, including the vicarage of Langton-byWragby, 1802-59; published theological and religious works.
  407. ^ Thomas Penrose (1742–1779), poet; of Wadharn College, Oxford; rector of Beckington-cum-Standerwick, 1777-9; wrote mainly imitations of Collins and Gray, but in several poems dealt in a natural vein with his disappointments in life.
  408. ^ John Penruddock (1619–1655), royalist; of Queen's College, Oxford, and Gray's Inn; a Wiltshire gentleman, who fought along with his father and brother for Charles I; joined the abortive insurrection of 1655, and was surprised and taken at South Molton and beheaded at Exeter.
  409. ^ John Penry (1559–1593), Welsh puritan; B.A. Peterhouse, Cambridge, 1584; M.A. St. Alban Hall, Oxford, 1686; while at the university adopted puritanism ii its most extreme Calvinistic form: was brought before the court of high commission (1687) for attacking the Welsh clergy, and sent to prison for twelve day s; resolved, in conjunction with John Udall, Job Throckmorton, and the printer, Robert Waldegrave, to pursue the attack against the bishops iiiilfr thrp-.-iLlojiyinousBipiuvtiiroof Martin M.: and so became rhief author and supt'rintoii.li-ia of a soriSS of pamphlets in which the bishopsdignity lessly outraged by means of coarse sarcasm and homely wit; tied to Scotland, being suspected of having written the Mar-PMaU- tra.-t-s 169U: returned to Lond..n. 15'J2, and was arrested and hanged on the charge oi rebellion by his publications while settled In Scotland. 7 xllT. 846
  410. ^ Barons Penshurst i: YRI.NS See SMYTHX, PKRCY CLISTon; SVDNI-V, lirst HAKON, 1780–1865; SMYTHH, GBOROK - i KI i'KitifK I'M. second BAROX, 1818-1857; SMYTIIK, l'i:i: v KI.I.KN I'm UKRICK Viu.i.i. third BARON, 1826-1869.
  411. ^ Stephen de Penshurst (d. 1899). See Pencester.
  412. ^ Joseph Barclay Pentland (1797–1878), traveller; educated at Armagh and Paris University; in company with (Sir) Woodbine Parish surveyed a large portion of the Bolivian Andes, 1826-7, and explored other South American districts.
  413. ^ Stephen Penton (1639–1706), divine; of Winchester College and New College, Oxford; fellow of New College, Oxford, 1659-78; M.A., 1667; principal of St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, 1676-84; rector of Glympton, 1684-93; rector of Worth-by-Ripou, 1693-1706: published miscellaneous works.
  414. ^ Dolly Pentreath (1686–1777). See Dorothy Jeffery.
  415. ^ Samuel Peploe (1668–1752), bishop of Chester; M.A. Jesus College, Oxford, 1693; a strong whig in politics; according to tradition, won the favour of George I by refusing to cease praying for him while Preston was in the hands of the Jacobites, although threatened with instant death; nominated (1718) warden of the collegiate church of Manchester; bishop of Chester, 1726-52.
  416. ^ John Henry Pepper (1821–1900), exhibitor of 'Pepper's Ghost educated at King's College School, London; analytical chemist and lecturer to Royal Polytechnic, London, 1848, and honorary director, c. 18521872; began to exhibit (1862) optical illusion known as Pepper's Ghost invented (1858) by Henry Dircks; published popular scientific works and other writings.
  417. ^ Sir William Pepperell, first baronet (1696-1759), the hero of Louisburg; born in New England; distinguished himself in 1745 as commander of the colonial force which captured the strong fortress of Louisburg from the French; created baronet, 1746; promoted lieutenant-general, 1759.
  418. ^ John Christopher Pepusch (1667–1752), professor of music and composer; born at Berlin; came to London, 1688; as a composer was overshadowed by Handel; famous as a teacher of the science of harmony, many notable musicians being among his pupils; Mus. Doc. Oxford, 1713: became organist to the Charterhouse, London, 1737, where he took up his abode,
  419. ^ Henry Pepwell (d. 1540), printer and stationer; carried on business in St. Paul's Churchyard, London, 1618-40.
  420. ^ Sir Charles Christopher Pepys, first Earl of Cottenham and third baronet (1781-1851), lord chancellor; nephew of Sir Lucas Pepys: of Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge; LL.B., 1803; barrister, Lincoln's Inn, 1804; bencher, 1826; whig M.P. for Higham Ferrars, 1831, for Malton, September 1831-6; solicitor-general, 1834; master of the rolls, 1834-6; privy councillor, 1834; lord-chancellor, 1836-41; created baron, 18:16: resigned office, 1841; on the retirement of the Peel ministry in 1846, reappointed lord chancellor under Lord John Huesell; created Karl of Oottenham, 1860.
  421. ^ Henry Pepys (1783–1860), successively bishop of Sodor and Man and of Worcester; brother of Sir Charles Christopher Pepys, first earl of Cottenham; RA. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1804; fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge; M.A., 1807; D.D.,1840; consecrated bishop of Sodor and Man, 1840; translated to Worcester, 1841.
  422. ^ Sir Lucas Pepys, first baronet (1742-1830), physician; "i KU.I,. M.D.. 1774: physician ex trn....iv 111. 1777: .)!," Ill II. Kunity, 178* 9 and 1804; physician in ordinary, 1799; physician-general of the army, 1794; president, College of Physicians, 1804 M.
  423. ^ Sir Richard Pepys (1588?- 1659), lord chief justice of Ireland;.-: Temple (treasurer, IMS): sat In the Short parliament for Sodbury, 1640; serjeantat-law, 1654; baron of the exchequer, 1644; appointed lord ohief.justlce of Ireland, 1664.
  424. ^ Samuel Pepys (1633-1703), diarist; son of John Pepys, a London tailor, was educated at St. Paul's School, I-ondon, and Trinity Hall and Magdalene College, Cambridge; M.A., 1660; entered the family of his father's first cousin, Sir Edward Montagu (afterwards first Earl of Sandwich), 1666;clerk of the king's ships and a clerk of the privy seal, 1660; surveyor-general of the victualling office, 1666, in which capacity he showed himself an energetic official and a zealous reformer of abases; committed to the Tower of London on charge of complicity with the popish plot, and deprived of his offices, 1679, bat released, 1680; secretary of the admiralty, 1686; deprived of the secretaryship of the admiralty at the revolution, after which he lived in retirement, chiefly at Clapham. Fifty volumes of his manuscript* are in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. His Diary remained in cipher in Magdalene College, Cambridge, until 1825. when it- was deciphered by John Smith and edited by Lord Braybrooke. An enlarged edition by Mynors Bright appeared in 1875-9, and the whole, except a few passages which cannot be printed, was published in eight volumes (1893, 4c.) by Mr. Henry B. Wheatley.
  425. ^ William Hasledine Pepys (1776–1866), man of science; descended from Sir Richard Pepys; an original manager of the London Institution (was honorary secretary, 1821-4). He invented many important devices in chemical apparatus, including the present forms of mercury gasometer and water gasholder.
  426. ^ John Perburn (fl. 1316–1343), admiral; appointed admiral north of the Thames, 1317 and 1381; M.P. for Yarmouth, 1321 and 1324; probably fought at Sluys, 1340.
  427. ^ Alexander Perceval (1787–1858), sergeant-at-arms of the House of Lords: of Trinity College, Dublin; conservative M.P. for Sligo, 1831-41; lord of the treasury, 1841; sergeant-at-arms, 1841-58.
  428. ^ Arthur Philip Perceval (1799–1863), divine; B.A. Oriel College, Oxford, 1880; B.C.L., 1884; fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1821-5; chaplain to George IV, William IV, and Victoria till his death; published slight theological works and Origines Hibernicae 1849, in which he identified Ireland with the Patmos of Revelation.
  429. ^ Sir John Perceval, first Earl of Egmont, first Viscount Perceval, first Baron Perceval, and fifth baronet (1683-1748), great-grandson of Sir Philip Perceval; of Magdalen College, Oxford; F.R&, 1702; sat in the Irish parliament for Cork, 1704-18; created a baron, 1716, viscount, 1723, and earl in the Irish peerage, 1733; M.P., Harwich, 1787-34; aided James Edward Oglethorpe in establishing the colony of Georgia (trustees incorporated by royal charter, 1738); his portrait painted by Kneller.
  430. ^ Sir John Perceval, second Earl of Egmont, first Baron Lovel and Holland, and sixth baronet (1711-1770), eldest son of Sir John Perceval, first earl of Kgmont; sat in the Irish House of Commons as member for Dingle Icouch, 1731-48; M.P., Westminster, 1741 Weobley, 1747, Bridgwater, 1754 and 1761; joined Frederick, prince of Wales, and (1748-9), became the most prominent leader of opposition; created TJarou Lovel and Holland of Eumore, 1768; first lord of the admiralty, 1763, resigning in 1766 on account of his dissatisfaction with Chatham; published political pamphl.H.
  431. ^ Sir Philip Perceval (1606–1647), politician ; son of Richard Perceval: knighted, 16B8: lost an extensive property in Ireland owing to the rebellion of 1641: opposed Charles's Intention of granting the demands of the insurgents in order to employ them in Bngund: joined the parliamentary party in 1644, obtaining a seat in the House of Commons as member for Newport, Cornwall, where be threw In his lot with the moderate presbyterian*; compelled to retire into the country owing to his opposition to the independents, September 1647.
  432. ^ Richard Perceval (1550–1620), colonist and politician; educated at St. Paul's School, London. reWarded with a pentioD for deciphering (1586) packets contain ing the fl rat tare news of the Spanish Armada; member of the Virginian Company; author of the well-known SpanUh-KnglUh dictionary, Bibliotheca Hispanlca 1591.
  433. ^ Robert Perceval (1756–1839), physician aud chemist: descended from Sir Philip Perceval; B.A. Trinity College, Dublin, 1777; MJ. Edinburgh, 1780; Bret professor of chemistry, Dublin University, 1786-1805: helped to found the Royal Irish Academy (becoming secretary); physician-general to the forces in Ireland, 1819; published a few contributions to chemistry.
  434. ^ Spencer Perceval (1762–1812), statesman; second son of Sir John Perceval, second earl of Egmont q. v.; educated at Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge; M.A., 1781; called to the bar: joined the midland circuit; obtained crown briefs on the trial of Thomas Paine, 1792, and that of Home Tooke, 1794; counsel to the board of admiralty, 1794; king's counsel, 1796; M.P., Northampton, 1796: supported Pitt In Parliament; solicitor-general under Addington, 1801; attorney-general, 1802; during Addingtons administration defended the ministry in the Commons, almost single-handed, against Pitt, Pox, and Windbam; retained office on Pitt's return to power; resigned on Pitt's death, 1806; chancellor of the exchequer mider the Duke of Portland, 1807; successful with his budget, his scheme to convert the three-percent, stock into terminable annuities being generally approved; succeeded the Duke of Portland as prime minister, 1809, but found great difficulty in forming a minUtry owing to the dissatisfaction of Canning and jh; the government formed by him generally as weak; saved his position after the disastrous It of the Walcheren expedition (1809) by forcing its r. Lord Chatham, to resign office; framed a successful budget, and, in spite of strong opposition to the continuance of the war, insisted that it must go on; though much disliked by George, prince of Wales, was retained in office by him when he became regent, 1811, on finding that be could not displace him (Perceval) without sacrificing his (the prince's) personal friends; made banknotes legal tender, July 1811, on the ground that the value of gold had appreciated owing to the drain on it for military payments: opposed In the cabinet by Lord Wellesley, who thought he was ruining the Peninsular army by bis niggardliness: assassinated, 11 May 1812, in the lobby of the House of Commons by one John Bellingham, a bankrupt, who had a grievance against government,
  435. ^ John Percival (d. 1516?), provincial of the Franciscans in England; D.D. Oxford, 1501; provincial, c.1502.
  436. ^ John Percival (fl. 1530–1550), Carthusian author; studied at Oxford and Cambridge; publishedCompendium Divini Amoris 1530; prior of the Carthusian house at Paris, 1650.
  437. ^ Robert Percival (1765–1826), traveller and writer; captain in the army; fought at Cape of Good Hope, 1796-7, and published A n Account Of that country 1804; visited Ceylon, 1797, and published An Account of Qeyton 1803.
  438. ^ Thomas Percival (1719–1762), antiquary; a Lancashire country gentleman; contributed papers on the antiquities of northern England to the Royal Society and the Society of Antiquaries.
  439. ^ Thomas Percival (1740-1804), physician and author; practised medicine in Manchester, and published Medical BthioV 1803 (new edit 1849). His works were edited with a memoir. 1807.
  440. ^ Alan Percy (d. 1560), master of St. John's College Cambridge; son of Sir Henry Percy, fourth earl of Northumberland; chosen second master of St. John's College Cambridge, 1516, but resigned, 1518; given a house and garden at Stepney by Heury VIII, with various properties.
  441. ^ Sir Algernon Percy , tenth Earl of Northumberland (1601–1668), elder son of Sir Henry Percy, ninth Earl of Northumberland: of St. John's College, Cambridge; K.B., 1616; M.P., Sussex, 1624, Chichester, 1(525 and 1626; K.U., 1635; admiral of the fleet, 1636; lord high admiral, 1638; became (1639), on the eve of the Scottish war, LiMirral of all the forces south of the Trent, but a- diMitUtiil with Charles I's policy; opposed the di.-solutiou of the Short parliament, and in the Long parliament gradually drew to the side of the opposition; accepted (1642) a place In the parliamentary committee of safety, and endeavoured to promote a reconciliation with Charles I; appointed (1644) one of the committee of both kingdoms; became guardian of Charles I's two youngest children, 1645; one of the commissioners appointed to negotiate with Charles I at Newport, 1648; subsequently headed the opposition in the House of Lords to Charles I's trial; under the Commonwealth and protectorate remained rigidly aloof from public affaire; privy councillor after the Restoration; called by Clarendon the proudest man alive
  442. ^ Sir Algernon Percy , fourth Duke of Northumberland and first Baron Prudhoe (1792-1865), second son of Sir Hugh Percy, second Duke of Northumberland; entered navy, 1805; created baron, 1816; ! travelled in the East; hon. D.O.L. Oxford, 1841; succeeded his brother as duke, 1847; first lord of the adj miralty, 1852-3; K.G., 1853; admiral, 1862; F.R.S. and member of many other learned societies; prompted by his i love of learning to bear the expense of preparing and I printing the gigantic Arabic Lexicon of Edward William Lane (first volume published, 1863).
  443. ^ Lady Elizabeth Percy (1667–1722), only surviving daughter and sole heiress of Josceline Percy, eleventh and last earl of Northumberland; was married (1679) to Henry Cavendish, earl of Ogle; married (1681) to Thomas Thynne, but before the consummation of the marriage fled to Lady Temple at the Hague for protection, after which Thynne was assassinated by a rival suitor; married (1682) to Sir Charles Seymour, sixth duke of Somerset
  444. ^ George Percy (1580–1632), author and colonist ; son of Sir Henry Percy, eighth earl of Northumberland ; took part in the colonisation of Virginia, 1606; deputy-governor, 1609-10 and 1611. He wrote (c. 1625) A true Relation of affairs in the colony in refutation of the account by John Smith (1580-1631)
  445. ^ Henry Percy , seventh Baron Percy by tenure (1228?-1272), eldest son of Sir William de Percy, sixth baron Percy; fought for Henry III at Northampton and at Lewes.
  446. ^ Sir Henry Percy, first Baron Percy of Alnwick by writ (1272?–1315), son of Henry Percy, seventh baron Percy by tenure; took an important part in the Scottish wars of Edward I; knighted, 1296: present at Bannockburn, 1314.
  447. ^ Henry Percy , second Baron Percy of Alnwick (1299?-1352), elder son of Sir Henry Percy, first baron Percy; appointed warden of the Scottish marches, 1328; along with his father made the Percies the hereditary guardians of the north; largely helped to secure the victory of Neville's Cross, 1346.
  448. ^ Henry Percy, third Baron Percy of Alnwick (1322-1368), eldest son of Henry Percy, second baron Percy; employed on several occasions as warden of the Scottish marches.
  449. ^ Sir Henry Percy , called Hotspur (1364–1403), eldest son of Sir Henry Percy, first earl of Northumberland; knighted, 1377; associated with his father as warden of the marches, 1384; Invested with the Garter, 1387; taken prisoner (August 1388) by the Scots at Otterburn, but free and in command on the borders before July 1389; assisted (1399) in placing Henry IV on the throne, and as a reward was appointed justiciary of North Wales; with his father and George Dunbar, earl of March, completely defeated the Scots at Humbledon Hill (Homildoun Hill), 1402; being already discontented with Henry IV, was further annoyed by being forbidden to ransom his brother-in-law, Sir Edmund de Mortimer, on which a quarrel ensued at the October parliament; though an outward reconciliation was effected, revolted with his father, June 1403, and after Riving out for a time th.it Richard II was in hits camp, proclaimed king Jvlmnndof March; was supported by his pn-on. -r, Douglas (captured at Hambledon Hill), and by Owen  ; defeated (16 June) and slain by Henry IV at the battle of Shrewsbury.
  450. ^ Sir Henry Percy , first Earl of Northumberland (1342–1408), elder son of Henry Percy, third baron Percy; K.G., 1366; took part in the French war, and acted as warden of marches: In com mon with Lancaster took up the cause of Wycliffe, being attacked in consequence by the London populace, 1377; marshal of England, 1377; created earl, 1377, thus becoming earl-marshal: quarrelled with his ally, Lancaster, 1381, being offended by his making a truce with the Scots, the violent dispute which ensued being only composed by Richard ll's order; supported Richard Il's assumption of despotic power, 1397, but was alienated by his violence, and joined Henry of Lancaster with a large force on his landing in Yorkshire: made earl-constable by Henry, and given the Isle of Man in fief; revolted (1403) with his son, Sir Henry Percy, called Hotspur; differences, however, having arisen chiefly in regard to Scottish affairs, submitted after Hotspur's defeat and death at Shrewsbury, and (1404) was pardoned and restored to bis offices, except the constableship, and to his possessions, with the exception of grants made by Henry IV; conspired with Owen Glendower and Sir Edmund de Mortimer and was declared a traitor, 1406; tied to Scotland, his revolt being crushed; again invaded England, 1408, and was defeated and slain, 20 Feb., on Bramham Moor.
  451. ^ Sir Henry Percy, second Earl of Northumberland (1394–1456), only sou of Sir Henry Percy, called Hotspur; restored to his dignities and estates (1416) by Henry V; appointed warden of the east marches, and on the death of Henry V became a member of the council of regency, 1422; his later years disquieted by the feud between the Percies and the Nevilles; fell at St. Albans fighting against the Duke of York.
  452. ^ Sir Henry Percy, third Earl of Northumberland (1421–1461), son of Sir Henry Percy, second earl of Northumberland; appointed warden of the east marches, 1439; defeated and slew the Duke of York at Wakefield, 1460; with Queen Margaret defeated Warwick at St. Albans, 1461: slain at Towton.
  453. ^ Sir Henry Percy, fourth Earl of Northumberland (1446–1489), only son of Sir Henry Percy, third earl of Northumberland; confined in the Fleet by Edward IV and afterwards in the Tower of London; restored to his earldom, 1469, and appointed warden of the eastern marches; received many favours from Richard III, but was not loyal to him, and, being taken at Bosworth, at once became an adherent of Henry VII; killed near Thirsk, in a contest with the commons of Yorkshire.
  454. ^ Sir Henry (Algernon) Percy, fifth Earl of Northumberland(1478–1527), eldest sou of Sir Henry Percy, fourth earl of Northumberland; K.B., 1481; fought against the Cornish rebels at Blackheath, 1497; appointed warden-general of the eastern marches, 1503; served in France (1513) with a great retinue; member of the council of the north, 1522.
  455. ^ Sir Henry (Algernon) Percy, sixth Earl of Northumberland (1502?–1537),son of Sir Henry Percy, fifth earl of Northumberland; knighted, 1519; warden of the eastern and western marches, 1527; arrested Wolsey, 1530: K.G., 1531: lord president of the council of the north, 1536; unlike his mother and brothers, remained loyal during the Pilgrimage of Grace (1537).
  456. ^ Sir Henry Percy , eighth Earl of Northumberland (1532?–1585), brother of Sir Thomas Percy, seventh earl of Northumberland; M.P., Morpeth, 1554; knighted, 1567; took part in the war against the Scots (1559-60) and remained loyal during his brother's lion, 1569, but in 1571 began to intrigue with Mary Queen of Scots; arrested, 1671; released, 1573; commenced fresh intrigues, and (1584) was sent to the Tower of London, when he was found shot through the heart. A verdict of suicide was returned.
  457. ^ Sir Henry Percy , ninth Earl of Northumberland (1561–1632), eldest son of Sir Henry Percy, eighth earl of Northumberland q. v.l; earned by his dentine experiment the sobriquet of The Wizard Earl: ;j. v. dedicated In the Low Countries under Leicester. 1585-, and against the Spanish Armada, 1188; served at Ortend, 1600; although a protestant, WM diatUfled i:im.- breatmeol,,i the K.,m.m oMbottM! ft-r t:.,A der plot was tried for mtoprUiou of treaMO and ned to imprisonment for life; was released, 1611, but took no further part in public affaire. George Peele to him his Honour of the Garter 1593.
  458. ^ Henry Percy, Baron Percy of Alnwick (d. 1659), son of Sir Henry Percy, ninth earl of Northumberland; sat in the Short parliament a* M r. for Portsmouth, and in the Long parliament an M.P. for Northumberland; an originator of thefirst army plot (1641), after which be retired to France: general of the ordnance of the king's army, 1648; created baron, 1641; fell in disgrace (1644) through his desire for peace; resigned his command; went to France (1648) and joined Queen Henrietta Maria's party.
  459. ^ Henry Percy (1786–1895), lieutenant-colonel; brother of Hugh Percy; educated at Eton; WM aide-de-camp to Sir John Moore and to Wellington, and brought home the Waterloo despatches; C.B., 1816.
  460. ^ Lord Henry Hugh Manvers Percy (1817-1877), general; educated at Eton: entered the army, 1836; served with distinction in the Crimea, 1884-5; K.C.B., 1873; general, 1877.
  461. ^ Sir Hugh Percy originally Smithson, first Duke of Northumberland of the third creation, second Earl of Northumberland and fourth baronet (1718–1786), of Christ Church, Oxford; F.RJJ., 1736; married (1740) Elizabeth Seymour, heiress of the Percy property, being granddaughter of Charles Seymour, sixth duke of Somerset, by his first wife, Elizabeth, heiress of Josceline Percy, eleventh earl of Northumberland; K.G., 1756; privy councillor, 1762; attached himself to Bute and was lord-lieutenant of Ireland under Greuville. 1763-5; made duke, 1766; master of the horse under Lord North, 1778-80: as lord-lieutenant of Middlesex opposed Wilkes's election, and in 1768 was forced by the mob to drink his health.
  462. ^ Sir Hugh Percy, second Duke of Northumberland (1742–1817), eldest son of Sir Hugh Percy, first duke of Northumberland; served in the Seven Years war under Ferdinand of Brunswick, and (1774-7) in the American war; M.P., Westminster, 1763-76; joined George, prince of Wales's circle of friends, c. 1790; general, 1793. His temper in politics was impracticable, and he was in perpetual opposition.
  463. ^ Sir Hugh Percy, third Duke of Northumberland (1788–1847), eldest son of Sir Hugh Percy, second Duke of Northumberland; created M.A. St. John's College, Cambridge, 1805; LL.D., 1809; K.G., 1819; ambassador extraordinary in Paris at the coronation of Charles X, 1826, bearing himself the whole cost of the mission; lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 1829-30.
  464. ^ Hugh Percy (1784–1856), successively bishop of Rochester and Carlisle; M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge, 1806; D.D., 1825; incorporated at Oxford, 1834; consecrated bishop of Rochester in 1827, and translated to Carlisle a few months later.
  465. ^ James Percy (1619–1690?), claimant to earldom of Northumberland; trunk-maker in Dublin; made ills first claim in 1670, as great-great-grandson of Sir Richard Percy, fifth son of Henry Percy, eighth earl of Northumberland; prosecuted his suit till 1689, when final judgment was given against him in the Lords.
  466. ^ John Percy (1569–1641). See Fisher.
  467. ^ John Percy (1817–1889), metallurgist; M.A. Edinburgh, 1838: elected physician to the Queen's Hospital, Birmingham, 1839; F.K.S., 1847; invented (1848) a method of extracting silver from its ores, which has since been developed, and has suggested other important metallurgical processes; F.G.S., 1861.
  468. ^ Josceline Percy (1784–1856), vice-admiral; grandson of Sir Hugh Percy, first duke of Northumberland; entered the navy, 1797; M.P., Beeralston, 1806-20; C.B., 1831; became vice-admiral, 1851, after seeing much active service.
  469. ^ Peter Percy (fl. 1486), writer of a treatise on the philosopher's stone ( Ashmolean MSB.); canon of the collegiate church at Maidstone.
  470. ^ Sir Ralph Percy (1425–1464), soldier; son of Sir Henry Percy, second earl of Northumberland; killed at Hedgely Moor, fighting for the Lancastrians.
  471. ^ Reuben Percy (pseudonym). See Thomas Byerley.
  472. ^ Richard de Percy, fifth Baron Percy (1170?-1244), one of the twenty-five executors of Magna Charta: assisted to reduce Yorkshire for the dauphin Louis of Prance, 1816; submitted to Henry III, 1217.
  473. ^ Sholto Percy (pseudonym). See Joseph Clinton Robertson, 1788–1862.
  474. ^ Sidney Richard Percy (1821?–1886), landscape-painter and founder of the School of Barnes; son of Edward Williams; painted chiefly English and Welsh scenery, especially views on the Thames; exhibited at the Royal Academy and other institutions.
  475. ^ Thomas Percy (1333–1369), bishop of Norwich; son of Henry Percy, second baron Percy; consecrated, 1356.
  476. ^ Sir Thomas Percy, Earl of Worcester (1344?1403), aon of tsir Henry Percy, third baron Percy; nerved in France, 1369-73, and on a mission to Flanders with Geoffrey Chaucer, 1377; K.G. before 1376; took part in Buckingham's French expedition, 1380-1, and (1386) in John of Gaunt's Spanish enterprise; steward of Richard IPs household, 1394; created Earl of Worcester 1397, but deserted Richard II for Henry IV, 1399; joined his brother Northumberland's rebellion, 1403, and was token prisoner at Shrewsbury and beheaded,
  477. ^ Sir Thomas Percy , seventh Earl of Northumberland (1528-1572), grandson of Sir Henry Percy, fith Earl of Northumberland; favoured by Queen Mary as a Roman Catholic and restored to his earldom; 1557, his father having been attainted; rebelled in the interest of Mary Queen of Scots, 1569; on the failure of the revolt took refuge in Scotland, but (1572) was handed over to the English authorities and beheaded.
  478. ^ Thomas Percy (1560–1606), organiser of the Gunpowder plot; great-grandson of Sir Henry Percy, fourth earl of Northumberland; received from James VI in 1602 assurances which were interpreted as a promise of toleration for Roman catholics on his accession to the English throne; being disappointed iu his hopes, took a most active part in theGunpowder plot and was mortally wounded at Holbeach, while resisting capture.
  479. ^ Thomas Percy (1768–1808), editor of Percy's Reliques; nephew of Thomas Percy (1729-1811) of Merchant TaylorsSchool, London, and St. John's College, Oxford; fellow, 1792; D.C.L., 1793; edited the fourth edition of the Keltques 1794, iu which edition the assertion of Riteon that the original manuscripts were not genuine is assailed.
  480. ^ Thomas Percy (1729–1811), editor of the 'Reliques of Ancient English Poetry and bishop of Dromore; M. A. Christ Church, Oxford, 1753; D.D. Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1770; published from a folio manuscript containing copies, in an early seventeenth-century handwriting, of ancient poems of various dates, the Rehqnes, 1766, a book which promoted with lasting effect the revival of interest in older English poetry; bishop of Dromore, 1782-1811; published works of antiquarian interest, including Northern Antiquities 1770.
  481. ^ Sir William de Percy, first Baron Percy (1030? - 1096), belonged to a Norman family seated at era in the present department of La Mam-he; came to England ( 1067) and obtained many lordships in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire.
  482. ^ Sir William de Percy, sixth Baron Percy (1183?-1246), nephew of Richard de Percy, fifth baron iercy; opposed King John in 1216, but left the burouial party before the king's death.
  483. ^ William Percy (1676–1648), poet; son of Sir Henry Percy, eighth earl of Northumberland: of Gloucester Hall, Oxford; published a collection of Sonnets 1594, and left six plays in manuscript, now in the possession of the Duke of Devonshire.
  484. ^ William Henry Percy (1788–1855), rear-admiral; brother of Josceline Percy; entered the navy, 1801; M.P., Stamford; rear-admiral, 1846.
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