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Coordinates: 57°21′N 28°21′E / 57.350°N 28.350°E / 57.350; 28.350
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{{Short description|Town in Pskov Oblast, Russia}}
{{Other places3|Ostrov (disambiguation){{!}}Ostrov}}
{{Other places|Ostrov (disambiguation){{!}}Ostrov}}
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{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2012}}


{{Infobox Russian town
{{Infobox Russian inhabited locality
|en_name=Ostrov
|en_name=Ostrov
|ru_name=Остров
|ru_name=Остров
|image_skyline=
|image_skyline=Ostrov asv2018-07 img07.jpg
|image_caption=
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|coordinates = {{coord|57|21|N|28|21|E|display=inline,title}}
|latd=57
|latm=21
|lats=
|longd=28
|longm=21
|longs=
|map_label_position=right
|map_label_position=right
|image_coa=Coat of Arms of Ostrov (Pskov oblast).png
|image_coa=Coat of Arms of Ostrov (Pskov oblast).png
|coa_caption=
|coa_caption=
|pushpin_map=Russia Pskov Oblast#European Russia#Russia
|image_flag=
|flag_caption=
|anthem=
|anthem_ref=
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|federal_subject=[[Pskov Oblast]]
|federal_subject=[[Pskov Oblast]]
|federal_subject_ref=<ref name="Incorp" />
|federal_subject_ref=<ref name="Incorp" />
|adm_data_as_of=February 2013
|adm_district_jur=[[Ostrovsky District, Pskov Oblast|Ostrovsky District]]
|adm_district_jur=[[Ostrovsky District, Pskov Oblast|Ostrovsky District]]
|adm_district_jur_ref=<ref name="Incorp" />
|adm_district_jur_ref=<ref name="Incorp" />
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|mun_district_jur=Ostrovsky Municipal District
|mun_district_jur=Ostrovsky Municipal District
|mun_district_jur_ref=<ref name="PskovO_mun" />
|mun_district_jur_ref=<ref name="PskovO_mun" />
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'''Ostrov''' ({{lang-ru|О́стров}}, lit. ''island'') is a [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|town]] and the [[administrative center]] of [[Ostrovsky District, Pskov Oblast|Ostrovsky District]] in [[Pskov Oblast]], [[Russia]], located on the [[Velikaya River]], {{convert|55|km|sp=us}} south of [[Pskov]], the administrative center of the [[oblast]]. Population: {{ru-census2010|21,668|;}} {{ru-census2002|25,078|;}} {{su-census1989|29,060|;}} 27,000 (1974).
'''Ostrov''' ({{lang-ru|О́стров}}, lit. ''island'') is a [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|town]] and the [[administrative center]] of [[Ostrovsky District, Pskov Oblast|Ostrovsky District]] in [[Pskov Oblast]], [[Russia]], located on the [[Velikaya River]], {{convert|55|km|sp=us}} south of [[Pskov]], the administrative center of the [[oblast]]. Population: {{ru-census2010|21,668|;}} {{ru-census2002|25,078|;}} {{su-census1989|29,060|;}} 27,000 (1974).


Line 80: Line 64:


==History==
==History==
It was founded as a fortress in the end of the 13th century and first mentioned in 1342.<ref name="gr">{{cite book|title=Энциклопедия Города России|year=2003|publisher=Большая Российская Энциклопедия|location=Moscow|isbn=5-7107-7399-9|page=338}}</ref> It had been an important military outpost throughout the 15th-16th centuries.<ref name="gr" /> The only time it was conquered was in 1501, by the [[Livonian Order]] after the [[Battle of the Siritsa River]].<ref name="gr" />
It was founded as a fortress in the end of the 13th century and first mentioned in 1342.<ref name="gr"/> It had been an important military outpost throughout the 15th-16th centuries.<ref name="gr" /> In 1501 it was conquered by the [[Livonian Order]] after the [[Battle of the Siritsa River]].<ref name="gr" /> In 1582 it was captured by Polish forces of [[Jan Zamoyski]].<ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom VII|year=1886|language=pl|location=Warszawa|page=704}}</ref>


In the course of the [[administrative divisions of Russia in 1708–1710|administrative reform]] carried out in 1708 by [[Peter the Great]], it was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as [[Saint Petersburg Governorate]]). Ostrov is specifically mentioned as one of the towns making the governorate.<ref name="1708List">[http://constitution.garant.ru/history/act1600-1918/2005/ Указ об учреждении губерний и о росписании к ним городов] {{ru icon}}</ref> In 1727, separate [[Novgorod Governorate]] was split off and in 1772, [[Pskov Governorate]] (which between 1777 and 1796 existed as [[Pskov Viceroyalty]]) was established.{{citation needed|date=June 2014}} [[Catherine the Great]] incorporated it as a town in 1777.<ref name="gr" />
In the course of the [[administrative divisions of Russia in 1708–1710|administrative reform]] carried out in 1708 by [[Peter the Great]], it was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as [[Saint Petersburg Governorate]]). Ostrov is specifically mentioned as one of the towns making the governorate.<ref name="1708List">[http://constitution.garant.ru/history/act1600-1918/2005/ Указ об учреждении губерний и о росписании к ним городов] {{in lang|ru}}</ref> In 1727, separate [[Novgorod Governorate]] was split off and in 1772, [[Pskov Governorate]] (which between 1777 and 1796 existed as [[Pskov Viceroyalty]]) was established.{{citation needed|date=June 2014}} [[Catherine the Great]] incorporated it as a town in 1777.<ref name="gr" /> In 1897, the ethnic make-up, by mother tongue, was 80.1% Russian, 11.8% Jewish, 2.5% German, 2.0% Polish, 1.7% Latvian.<ref name=c1897>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Первая Всеобщая перепись населения Российской империи, 1897 г.|volume=XXXIV|year=1904|language=ru|pages=48–51}}</ref>
[[File:Ostrov town in Russia pre 1917.jpg|thumb|left|Bolshaya Street in 1917]]
[[File:Ostrov town in Russia pre 1917.jpg|thumb|left|Bolshaya Street in 1917]]


On August&nbsp;1, 1927, the uyezds and governorates were abolished and Ostrovsky District, with the [[administrative center]] in Ostrov, was established as a part of [[Pskov Okrug]] of [[Leningrad Oblast]].<ref name="PskovO1988">''Administrative-Territorial Structure of Pskov Oblast'', pp.&nbsp;11–14</ref> It included parts of former [[Ostrovsky Uyezd|Ostrovsky]], [[Opochetsky Uyezd|Opochetsky]], and [[Pskovsky Uyezd]]s.<ref name="OstrovskyDHist">{{cite web|url=http://classif.spb.ru/sprav/np_lo/106_Ostrovsky_rayon.htm|title=Островский район (август 1927 г. - август 1944 г.)|publisher=Справочник истории административно-территориального деления Ленинградской области|language=Russian|accessdate=June 25, 2014}}</ref> On July&nbsp;23, 1930, the okrugs were also abolished and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast.<ref name="PskovO1988" /> Between March&nbsp;22, 1935 and September&nbsp;19, 1940, Ostrovsky District was a part of the restored Pskov Okrug of Leningrad Oblast,<ref name="PskovO1988" /> one of the okrugs abutting the state boundaries of the [[Soviet Union]]. Between July&nbsp;6, 1941 and July&nbsp;21, 1944, Ostrov was occupied by [[Nazi Germany|German]] troops.<ref name="gr" /> An underground resistance group was active in Ostrov during the war. On August&nbsp;23, 1944, the district was transferred to newly established Pskov Oblast.<ref name="PskovO1988" />
On August&nbsp;1, 1927, the uyezds and governorates were abolished and Ostrovsky District, with the [[administrative center]] in Ostrov, was established as a part of [[Pskov Okrug]] of [[Leningrad Oblast]].<ref name="PskovO1988">''Administrative-Territorial Structure of Pskov Oblast'', pp.&nbsp;11–14</ref> It included parts of former [[Ostrovsky Uyezd|Ostrovsky]], [[Opochetsky Uyezd|Opochetsky]], and [[Pskovsky Uyezd]]s.<ref name="OstrovskyDHist">{{cite web|url=http://classif.spb.ru/sprav/np_lo/106_Ostrovsky_rayon.htm|script-title=ru:Островский район (август 1927 г. - август 1944 г.)|publisher=Справочник истории административно-территориального деления Ленинградской области|language=ru|access-date=June 25, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222182614/http://classif.spb.ru/sprav/np_lo/106_Ostrovsky_rayon.htm|archive-date=December 22, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> On July&nbsp;23, 1930, the okrugs were also abolished and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast.<ref name="PskovO1988" /> Between March&nbsp;22, 1935 and September&nbsp;19, 1940, Ostrovsky District was a part of the restored Pskov Okrug of Leningrad Oblast,<ref name="PskovO1988" /> one of the okrugs abutting the state boundaries of the [[Soviet Union]]. Between July&nbsp;6, 1941 and July&nbsp;21, 1944, Ostrov was occupied by [[Nazi Germany|German]] troops.<ref name="gr" /> An underground resistance group was active in Ostrov during the war. On August&nbsp;23, 1944, the district was transferred to newly established Pskov Oblast.<ref name="PskovO1988" />


==Administrative and municipal status==
==Administrative and municipal status==
{{Historical populations|1897|6268|1989|29060|2002|25078|2010|21668|source=<ref name=c1897/>}}
Within the [[subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions|framework of administrative divisions]], Ostrov serves as the [[administrative center]] of [[Ostrovsky District, Pskov Oblast|Ostrovsky District]],<ref name="OKATO">{{OKATO reference|58 233}}</ref> to which it is directly subordinated.<ref name="Incorp">Law #833-oz stipulates that the borders of the administrative districts are identical to the borders of the municipal districts. The Law #420-oz, which describes the borders and the composition of the municipal districts, lists the town of Ostrov as a part of Ostrovsky District.</ref> As a [[subdivisions of Russia#Municipal divisions|municipal division]], the [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|town]] of Ostrov is incorporated within Ostrovsky Municipal District as '''Ostrov Urban Settlement'''.<ref name="PskovO_mun">Law #420-oz</ref>
Within the [[subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions|framework of administrative divisions]], Ostrov serves as the [[administrative center]] of [[Ostrovsky District, Pskov Oblast|Ostrovsky District]],<ref name="OKATO">{{OKATO reference|58 233}}</ref> to which it is directly subordinated.<ref name="Incorp">Law #833-oz stipulates that the borders of the administrative districts are identical to the borders of the municipal districts. The Law #420-oz, which describes the borders and the composition of the municipal districts, lists the town of Ostrov as a part of Ostrovsky District.</ref> As a [[subdivisions of Russia#Municipal divisions|municipal division]], the [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|town]] of Ostrov is incorporated within Ostrovsky Municipal District as '''Ostrov Urban Settlement'''.<ref name="PskovO_mun">Law #420-oz</ref>


==Economy==
==Economy==
===Industry===
===Industry===
The economy of Ostrov is based on food, electronic, and textile industries (5.4%).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ostrov.reg60.ru/orajone/ekonomika|title=Экономика|publisher=Портал муниципальных образований Псковской области|language=Russian|accessdate=July 11, 2012}}</ref>
The economy of Ostrov is based on food, electronic, and textile industries (5.4%).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ostrov.reg60.ru/orajone/ekonomika|script-title=ru:Экономика|publisher=Портал муниципальных образований Псковской области|language=ru|access-date=July 11, 2012}}</ref>


===Transportation===
===Transportation===
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==Military==
==Military==
The town was home to [[Ostrov (air base)|Ostrov air base]], a major medium-range bomber base during the [[Cold War]]. In addition, a unit of the Strategic Rocket Forces (RVSN) included a main base in the town, a nearby fixed field site for training, and three operational missile launch areas 10–30&nbsp;km away. This military unit also supported reserve officer training of students of several institutes, including Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gruntman |first1=Mike |title=My fifteen years at IKI, the Space Research Institute : position-sensitive detectors and energetic neutral atoms behind the Iron Curtain |date=2022 |publisher=Interstellar Trail Press |isbn=9798985668704}}</ref>
The town was home to [[Ostrov (air base)|Ostrov air base]], a major medium-range bomber base during the [[Cold War]].


==Culture and recreation==
==Culture and recreation==
[[File:Ostrovv1 01.jpeg|thumb|The St.&nbsp;Nicholas Church in Ostrov]]
[[File:Ostrov asv2018-07 img09.jpg|thumb|St.&nbsp;Nicholas Church in Ostrov]]


The town possesses a Neoclassical cathedral from 1790 and a typical Pskovian church from 1543. Close at hand is a historical [[suspension bridge]], opened in 1853 ([http://www.sobory.ru/photo/index.html?photo=13171 winter view], [http://www.sobory.ru/photo/index.html?photo=13170 summer view]).
The town possesses a Neoclassical cathedral from 1790 and a typical Pskovian church from 1543. Close at hand is a historical [[suspension bridge]], opened in 1853 ([http://www.sobory.ru/photo/index.html?photo=13171 winter view], [http://www.sobory.ru/photo/index.html?photo=13170 summer view]).


Ostrov hosts the [[Ostrov District Museum]], the only museum in the district.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.museum.ru/M815|title=Островский краеведческий музей|publisher=Российская сеть культурного наследия|language=Russian|accessdate=July 11, 2012}}</ref>
Ostrov hosts the [[Ostrov District Museum]], the only museum in the district.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.museum.ru/M815|script-title=ru:Островский краеведческий музей|publisher=Российская сеть культурного наследия|language=ru|access-date=July 11, 2012}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|psk|mun|list}}
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|psk|mun|list}}
*Архивный отдел Псковского облисполкома. Государственный архив Псковской области. "Административно-территориальное деление Псковской области (1917–1988&nbsp;гг.). Справочник". (''Administrative-Territorial Structure of Pskov Oblast (1917–1988). Reference.'') Книга&nbsp;I. Лениздат, 1988.
*Архивный отдел Псковского облисполкома. Государственный архив Псковской области. "Административно-территориальное деление Псковской области (1917–1988&nbsp;гг.). Справочник". (''Administrative-Territorial Structure of Pskov Oblast (1917–1988). Reference.'') Книга&nbsp;I. Лениздат, 1988.

==External links==
* [http://www.yadvashem.org/untoldstories/database/index.asp?cid=799 The murder of the Jews of Ostrov] during [[World War II]], at [[Yad Vashem]] website.


{{Pskov Oblast}}
{{Pskov Oblast}}
{{Authority control}}
⚫
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2012}}


[[Category:Cities and towns in Pskov Oblast]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Pskov Oblast]]
[[Category:Pskov Governorate]]
[[Category:Ostrovsky Uyezd]]
[[Category:Holocaust locations in Russia]]

Revision as of 04:55, 16 February 2024

For other places with the same name, see Ostrov.

Ostrov
Остров
Town[1]
Coat of arms of Ostrov
Coat of arms
Location of Ostrov
Map
Ostrov is located in Pskov Oblast
Ostrov
Ostrov
Location of Ostrov
Ostrov is located in European Russia
Ostrov
Ostrov
Ostrov (European Russia)
Ostrov is located in Russia
Ostrov
Ostrov
Ostrov (Russia)
Coordinates: 57°21′N 28°21′E / 57.350°N 28.350°E / 57.350; 28.350
CountryRussia
Federal subjectPskov Oblast[1]
Administrative districtOstrovsky District[1]
Founded1341 (Julian)Edit this on Wikidata
Elevation
60 m (200 ft)
Population
 (2010 Census)[2]
 • Total21,668
 • Capital ofOstrovsky District[3]
 • Municipal districtOstrovsky Municipal District[4]
 • Urban settlementOstrov Urban Settlement[4]
 • Capital ofOstrovsky Municipal District,[5] Ostrov Urban Settlement[4]
Time zoneUTC+3 (MSK Edit this on Wikidata[6])
Postal code(s)[7]
181350, 181352, 181353, 181359
OKTMO ID58633101001

Ostrov (Template:Lang-ru, lit. island) is a town and the administrative center of Ostrovsky District in Pskov Oblast, Russia, located on the Velikaya River, 55 kilometers (34 mi) south of Pskov, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 21,668 (2010 Census);[2] 25,078 (2002 Census);[8] 29,060 (1989 Soviet census);[9] 27,000 (1974).

Etymology

The name of the town, which means "island" in Russian, originates from the island on the Velikaya, on which the Ostrov fortress was originally built.[10]

History

It was founded as a fortress in the end of the 13th century and first mentioned in 1342.[10] It had been an important military outpost throughout the 15th-16th centuries.[10] In 1501 it was conquered by the Livonian Order after the Battle of the Siritsa River.[10] In 1582 it was captured by Polish forces of Jan Zamoyski.[11]

In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, it was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as Saint Petersburg Governorate). Ostrov is specifically mentioned as one of the towns making the governorate.[12] In 1727, separate Novgorod Governorate was split off and in 1772, Pskov Governorate (which between 1777 and 1796 existed as Pskov Viceroyalty) was established.[citation needed] Catherine the Great incorporated it as a town in 1777.[10] In 1897, the ethnic make-up, by mother tongue, was 80.1% Russian, 11.8% Jewish, 2.5% German, 2.0% Polish, 1.7% Latvian.[13]

Bolshaya Street in 1917

On August 1, 1927, the uyezds and governorates were abolished and Ostrovsky District, with the administrative center in Ostrov, was established as a part of Pskov Okrug of Leningrad Oblast.[14] It included parts of former Ostrovsky, Opochetsky, and Pskovsky Uyezds.[15] On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were also abolished and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast.[14] Between March 22, 1935 and September 19, 1940, Ostrovsky District was a part of the restored Pskov Okrug of Leningrad Oblast,[14] one of the okrugs abutting the state boundaries of the Soviet Union. Between July 6, 1941 and July 21, 1944, Ostrov was occupied by German troops.[10] An underground resistance group was active in Ostrov during the war. On August 23, 1944, the district was transferred to newly established Pskov Oblast.[14]

Administrative and municipal status

Historical population
YearPop.±%
18976,268—    
198929,060+363.6%
200225,078−13.7%
201021,668−13.6%
Source: [13]

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Ostrov serves as the administrative center of Ostrovsky District,[3] to which it is directly subordinated.[1] As a municipal division, the town of Ostrov is incorporated within Ostrovsky Municipal District as Ostrov Urban Settlement.[4]

Economy

Industry

The economy of Ostrov is based on food, electronic, and textile industries (5.4%).[16]

Transportation

A railway from St. Petersburg via Pskov to Pytalovo and further to Rēzekne in Latvia passes Ostrov. In Latvia, it provides access to Riga and Vilnius (via Daugavpils). As of 2012, there was passenger traffic on the railway.

The M20 Highway, which connects St. Petersburg and Vitebsk via Pskov, passes Ostrov as well. Ostrov is the northern terminus of the European route E262, which proceeds to Kaunas via Rēzekne and Daugavpils. There are also road connections from Ostrov northwest to Pechory via Palkino, northeast to Porkhov, and southeast to Novorzhev, as well as local roads.

Military

The town was home to Ostrov air base, a major medium-range bomber base during the Cold War. In addition, a unit of the Strategic Rocket Forces (RVSN) included a main base in the town, a nearby fixed field site for training, and three operational missile launch areas 10–30 km away. This military unit also supported reserve officer training of students of several institutes, including Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.[17]

Culture and recreation

St. Nicholas Church in Ostrov

The town possesses a Neoclassical cathedral from 1790 and a typical Pskovian church from 1543. Close at hand is a historical suspension bridge, opened in 1853 (winter view, summer view).

Ostrov hosts the Ostrov District Museum, the only museum in the district.[18]

References

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d Law #833-oz stipulates that the borders of the administrative districts are identical to the borders of the municipal districts. The Law #420-oz, which describes the borders and the composition of the municipal districts, lists the town of Ostrov as a part of Ostrovsky District.
  2. ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  3. ^ a b Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 58 233», в ред. изменения №278/2015 от 1 января 2016 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 58 233, as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).
  4. ^ a b c d Law #420-oz
  5. ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики. Федеральное агентство по технологическому регулированию и метрологии. №ОК 033-2013 1 января 2014 г. «Общероссийский классификатор территорий муниципальных образований. Код 58 633». (Federal State Statistics Service. Federal Agency on Technological Regulation and Metrology. #OK 033-2013 January 1, 2014 Russian Classification of Territories of Municipal Formations. Code 58 633. ).
  6. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  7. ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
  8. ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  9. ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  10. ^ a b c d e f Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 338. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
  11. ^ Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom VII (in Polish). Warszawa. 1886. p. 704.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  12. ^ Указ об учреждении губерний и о росписании к ним городов (in Russian)
  13. ^ a b Первая Всеобщая перепись населения Российской империи, 1897 г. (in Russian). Vol. XXXIV. 1904. pp. 48–51.
  14. ^ a b c d Administrative-Territorial Structure of Pskov Oblast, pp. 11–14
  15. ^ Островский район (август 1927 г. - август 1944 г.) (in Russian). Справочник истории административно-территориального деления Ленинградской области. Archived from the original on December 22, 2014. Retrieved June 25, 2014.
  16. ^ Экономика (in Russian). Портал муниципальных образований Псковской области. Retrieved July 11, 2012.
  17. ^ Gruntman, Mike (2022). My fifteen years at IKI, the Space Research Institute : position-sensitive detectors and energetic neutral atoms behind the Iron Curtain. Interstellar Trail Press. ISBN 9798985668704.
  18. ^ Островский краеведческий музей (in Russian). Российская сеть культурного наследия. Retrieved July 11, 2012.

Sources

  • Псковское областное Собрание депутатов. Закон №833-оз от 5 февраля 2009 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Псковской области». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Псковская правда", №20, 10 февраля 2009 г. (Pskov Oblast Council of Deputies. Law #833-oz of February 5, 2009 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Pskov Oblast. Effective as of the official publication date.).
  • Псковское областное Собрание депутатов. Закон №420-оз от 28 февраля 2005 г. «Об установлении границ и статусе вновь образуемых муниципальных образований на территории Псковской области», в ред. Закона №1542-ОЗ от 5 июня 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Псковской области "Об установлении границ и статусе вновь образуемых муниципальных образований на территории Псковской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Псковская правда", №41–43, №44–46, №49–51, 4 марта 2005 г., 5 марта 2005 г., 11 марта 2005 г. (Pskov Oblast Council of Deputies. Law #420-oz of February 28, 2005 On Establishing the Borders and the Status of the Newly Formed Municipal Formations on the Territory of Pskov Oblast, as amended by the Law #1542-OZ of June 5, 2015 On Amending the Law of Pskov Oblast "On Establishing the Borders and the Status of the Newly Formed Municipal Formations on the Territory of Pskov Oblast". Effective as of the official publication date.).
  • Архивный отдел Псковского облисполкома. Государственный архив Псковской области. "Административно-территориальное деление Псковской области (1917–1988 гг.). Справочник". (Administrative-Territorial Structure of Pskov Oblast (1917–1988). Reference.) Книга I. Лениздат, 1988.
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