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The '''Buenos Aires Metro''' ([[Spanish language|Spanish]]: ''Subterráneo de Buenos Aires'') (locally known as '''Subte''' - {{IPA-es|ˈsuβte}} - from "'''''subte'''''rráneo" -''underground'' or ''subterranean''-) is a [[mass-transit]] system that serves the city of [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. The first station of this network was inaugurated in 1913, being the first of its kind in [[Latin America]] the [[Southern Hemisphere]], and the entire [[Spanish language|Spanish]]-speaking
The '''Buenos Aires Metro''' ([[Spanish language|Spanish]]: ''Subterráneo de Buenos Aires'') (locally known as '''Subte''' - {{IPA-es|ˈsuβte}} - from "'''''subte'''''rráneo" -''underground'' or ''subterranean''-) is a [[mass-transit]] system that serves the city of [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]. The first station of this network opened in 1913, the first of its kind in [[Latin America]] the [[Southern Hemisphere]], and the entire [[Spanish language|Spanish]]-speaking
world.
world.


The network expanded rapidly during the early decades of the 20<sup>th</sup> century, but the pace of expansion fell sharply after the years following the Second World War. In the late 1990s there began a new expanding process, with the planning of four new lines. However, the rate of this expansion is largely exceeded by the actual transportation needs of the city and once again the network has become obsolete in this respect.
The network expanded rapidly during the early decades of the 20<sup>th</sup> century, but the pace of expansion fell sharply after the Second World War. In the late 1990s expansion resumed, with the planning of four new lines. However, the rate of expansion is largely exceeded by the transportation needs of the city and once again the network has become overcrowded.


At the present, [[Buenos Aires]] is the only Argentine city with a [[Rapid transit|metro system]], nonetheless there is a project to build an underground system in the city of [[Córdoba, Argentina|Córdoba]] ([[Córdoba Metro]]) which would make it the second metro system in Argentina.<ref>Diario [http://www2.lavoz.com.ar/07/12/15/secciones/grancordoba/nota.asp?nota_id=144390 La Voz Del Interior]</ref>
At present, [[Buenos Aires]] is the only Argentine city with a [[Rapid transit|metro system]], but there is a project to build an underground system in the city of [[Córdoba, Argentina|Córdoba]] ([[Córdoba Metro]]).<ref>Diario [http://www2.lavoz.com.ar/07/12/15/secciones/grancordoba/nota.asp?nota_id=144390 La Voz Del Interior]</ref>


==History==
==History==
[[File:Buenos Aires Subte station plaza once.JPG|thumb|250px|left|Vintage [[Line A (Buenos Aires)|Line A]] station entrance on [[Avenida de Mayo]]]]
[[File:Buenos Aires Subte station plaza once.JPG|thumb|250px|left|Vintage [[Line A (Buenos Aires)|Line A]] station entrance on [[Avenida de Mayo]]]]


Discussions on the need to build an underground transportation system in Buenos Aires began in the late nineteenth century, in direct relation to the [[Tram|tramway system]]. They operated from 1870 and in about 1900 were in a crisis exacerbated by the monopolization of the companies, a process initiated against the [[electrification]] of the system.
Discussions on the need to build an underground transportation system in Buenos Aires began in the late nineteenth century, alongside the[[Tram|tramway system]]. They operated from 1870 and in about 1900 were in a crisis exacerbated by the monopolization of the companies, a process initiated against the [[electrification]] of the system.


In this context, emerged the first grant proposals and requests for the installation of underground: first, in 1886, several in 1889, but the [[Interior ministry|Ministry of Interior]] (''Ministerio del Interior'', in Spanish) denied the Administration the power to concession building in the [[subsoil]] of the City. For this reason, subsequent drafts were submitted directly to this ministry.
In this context, the first proposals for the building of an underground system were made, along with requests for government grants: first, in 1886, and several more in 1889, but the [[Interior ministry|Ministry of Interior]] (''Ministerio del Interior'', in Spanish) denied the city administration the power to license building in the [[subsoil]] of the City. For this reason, subsequent drafts were submitted directly to this ministry.


When in 1894 it was decided to place the [[Argentine National Congress|Congress]] building in its present location, the subway idea was revived, as it sought to shorten the travel time between the [[Casa Rosada]] and the Congress (with the same purpose was also intended to build an electric [[aerial tramway]] to go down the [[Avenida de Mayo]]). Miguel Cané, former Mayor of Buenos Aires (1892-1893), also expressed in 1896 the need to build an Underground similar to the one in [[London]].
When in 1894 it was decided to construct the [[Argentine National Congress|Congress]] building in its present location, the subway idea was revived, as it might shorten the travel time between the [[Casa Rosada]] and the Congress (with the same purpose there were also plans to build an electric [[aerial tramway]] to go down the [[Avenida de Mayo]]). Miguel Cané, former Mayor of Buenos Aires (1892-1893), also expressed in 1896 the need to build an underground railway similar to the one in [[London]].


But the various projects were expiring by failing to raise capital given that, according to Miguel Cané, "the tepidity of the English to provide the necessary funds for the construction.
But the various projects failed to raise capital due, according to Miguel Cané, "the reluctance of the English to provide the necessary funds for the construction".


The first subway line was opened on 1 December 1913 and was built by the [[Anglo-Argentine Tramways Company]] (''Compañía de Tranvías Anglo-Argentina (CTAA)'', in Spanish) , which had received the award in 1909. That line was made up of one of the existing sections of [[Line A (Buenos Aires)|line A]], linking the stations of [[Plaza de Mayo (Buenos Aires Metro)|Plaza de Mayo]] and [[Plaza Miserere (Buenos Aires Metro)|Plaza Miserere]]. On 1 April 1914 the line was expand to [[Río de Janeiro (Buenos Aires Metro)|Río de Janeiro]] station and on 1 July was extended to [[Primera Junta (Buenos Aires Metro)|Primera Junta]] Station.
The first subway line was opened on 1 December 1913 and was built by the [[Anglo-Argentine Tramways Company]] (''Compañía de Tranvías Anglo-Argentina (CTAA)'', in Spanish) , which had been given permission to build in 1909. That line was made up of one of the existing sections of [[Line A (Buenos Aires)|line A]], linking the stations of [[Plaza de Mayo (Buenos Aires Metro)|Plaza de Mayo]] and [[Plaza Miserere (Buenos Aires Metro)|Plaza Miserere]]. On 1 April 1914 the line was expand to [[Río de Janeiro (Buenos Aires Metro)|Río de Janeiro]] station and on 1 July was extended to [[Primera Junta (Buenos Aires Metro)|Primera Junta]] Station.


In 1912 the company [[Lacroze Hermanos]] won a concession to build another subway line. This line is the current [[Line B (Buenos Aires)|line B]] and was inaugurated on 17 October,1930. In 1933 the [[Hispano-Argentina|Hispano-Argentina]] Society of Public Works and Finance (''Hispano–Argentina de Obras Públicas y Finanzas (CHADOPYF)'', in Spanish) begins construction of the other subway lines.<ref>[http://www.clico.com.ar/directorio/mapa_de_subte/mapasubte.html www.clico.com.ar] Antecedentes, Inicios, Desarrollo de la red y Líneas (Spanish) Retrieved 2010-11-03</ref>
In 1912 the company [[Lacroze Hermanos]] won a concession to build another subway line. This line is the current [[Line B (Buenos Aires)|line B]] and was inaugurated on 17 October,1930. In 1933 the [[Hispano-Argentina|Hispano-Argentina]] Society of Public Works and Finance (''Hispano–Argentina de Obras Públicas y Finanzas (CHADOPYF)'', in Spanish) began construction of the other subway lines.<ref>[http://www.clico.com.ar/directorio/mapa_de_subte/mapasubte.html www.clico.com.ar] Antecedentes, Inicios, Desarrollo de la red y Líneas (Spanish) Retrieved 2010-11-03</ref>


The entire network was centralised and nationalised during the late 1930s under the management of the Transport Corporation of Buenos Aires (CTBA), which in 1952 was absorbed by the Buenos Aires Transport General Administration (AGTBA).
The entire network was centralised and nationalised during the late 1930s under the management of the Transport Corporation of Buenos Aires (CTBA), which in 1952 was absorbed by the Buenos Aires Transport General Administration (AGTBA).
Line 151: Line 151:


== Expansion plans ==
== Expansion plans ==
There are several projects to improve the underground transport connectivity.<ref name=railway-technology>[http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/buenos/ www.railway-technology.com] Buenos Aires Subway Extensions</ref>
There are several projects to improve connections.<ref name=railway-technology>[http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/buenos/ www.railway-technology.com] Buenos Aires Subway Extensions</ref>


[[File:Subtes-2015.svg|thumb|275px|Lines according to the future expansion program]]
[[File:Subtes-2015.svg|thumb|275px|Lines according to the future expansion program]]
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==Cultural Heritage==
==Cultural Heritage==
[[File:Buenos Aires - Subte - Pasco 3.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Primeval sign in Pasco station,<br />Line A]]
[[File:Buenos Aires - Subte - Pasco 3.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Original sign in Pasco station,<br />Line A]]
[[File:Coche 86 recien pintado.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Freshly painted vintage [[Line A (Buenos Aires)|Line A]] cars (2009)]]
[[File:Coche 86 recien pintado.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Freshly painted vintage [[Line A (Buenos Aires)|Line A]] cars (2009)]]
[[File:Buenos Aires-Subte Plaza Miserere-Andén-1.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Line A (Buenos Aires)|Line A]] Plaza de Miserere Station platforms, transfers can be done with the [[Once railway station|Once station]] of [[Line H (Buenos Aires)|Line H]] of the underground and rail connections to the [[Sarmiento Line (Buenos Aires)|Sarmiento]] suburban line]]
[[File:Buenos Aires-Subte Plaza Miserere-Andén-1.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Line A (Buenos Aires)|Line A]] Plaza de Miserere Station platforms, with transfer to the [[Once railway station|Once station]] on[[Line H (Buenos Aires)|Line H]] of the underground and rail connections to the [[Sarmiento Line (Buenos Aires)|Sarmiento]] suburban line]]
[[Image:Subte Retiro.jpg|thumb|200px|View of metro station entrace [[Line C (Buenos Aires)|Line C]] in [[Retiro railway station|Retiro Station]] terminus, with connections to [[Ferrocarril General Bartolomé Mitre|Mitre]], [[Ferrocarril General Manuel Belgrano|Belgrano]], and [[Ferrocarril General San Martín|San Martin]] railway lines]]
[[Image:Subte Retiro.jpg|thumb|200px|View of metro station entrance [[Line C (Buenos Aires)|Line C]] in [[Retiro railway station|Retiro Station]] terminus, with connection to [[Ferrocarril General Bartolomé Mitre|Mitre]], [[Ferrocarril General Manuel Belgrano|Belgrano]], and [[Ferrocarril General San Martín|San Martin]] railway lines]]
The Buenos Aires Metro has been historically characterized by the presence of murals and other artistic works in its stations, constituting a true museum throughout its entire system. This work and a number of stations themselves are considered part of the cultural patrimony of the city and several of them were declared National Historic Landmarks in 1997.<ref>[http://infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/40000-44999/43370/norma.htm Historical National Monuments] (Spanish)</ref>
The Buenos Aires Metro has historically been characterized by murals and other artistic works in its stations, making a kind of museum throughout the system. These works, and a number of complete stations, are considered part of the cultural heritage of the city and several of them were declared National Historic Landmarks in 1997.<ref>[http://infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/40000-44999/43370/norma.htm Historical National Monuments] (Spanish)</ref>


Line A is world-famous because it still keeps its [[La Brugeoise cars (Buenos Aires Metro)|original trains]] running, making them the oldest subway coaches in commercial service in the world. They were built by ''La Brugeoise, et Nicaise et Delcuve'', a Belgian rolling stock manufacturer established in the city of [[Bruges]], between 1913 and 1919. Entirely made of wood, they were originally designed to run as subway as well as tramway cars, but they were reformed in 1927 to their current styling for underground service only. Since the 1940s, several plans have been made to replace them with newer rolling stock, but none of them succeeded.<ref>[http://www.busarg.com.ar/subte_a.htm BusARG.ar] (Spanish)</ref>
Line A is world-famous because it still keeps its [[La Brugeoise cars (Buenos Aires Metro)|original trains]] running, making them the oldest subway coaches in commercial service in the world. They were built by ''La Brugeoise, et Nicaise et Delcuve'', a Belgian rolling stock manufacturer established in the city of [[Bruges]], between 1913 and 1919. Entirely made of wood, they were originally designed to run as subway as well as tramway cars, but they were adapted in 1927 to their current styling for underground service only. Since the 1940s, several plans have been made to replace them with newer rolling stock, but none of them has succeeded.<ref>[http://www.busarg.com.ar/subte_a.htm BusARG.ar] (Spanish)</ref>


=== Cultural stations ===
=== Cultural stations ===

Revision as of 08:47, 1 December 2010

Buenos Aires Metro
Subterráneo de Buenos Aires
File:Subte de Buenos Aires logo.jpg
Overview
OwnerSubterráneos de Buenos Aires S.E. (government corporation)
LocaleBuenos Aires
Transit typeRapid transit
Number of lines6
Number of stations74
Daily ridership1.7 million + 2008
Operation
Began operation1 December 1913
Operator(s)Metrovías
Technical
System lengthTemplate:Km to mi
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in) (standard gauge)

The Buenos Aires Metro (Spanish: Subterráneo de Buenos Aires) (locally known as Subte - Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsuβte] - from "subterráneo" -underground or subterranean-) is a mass-transit system that serves the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The first station of this network opened in 1913, the first of its kind in Latin America the Southern Hemisphere, and the entire Spanish-speaking world.

The network expanded rapidly during the early decades of the 20th century, but the pace of expansion fell sharply after the Second World War. In the late 1990s expansion resumed, with the planning of four new lines. However, the rate of expansion is largely exceeded by the transportation needs of the city and once again the network has become overcrowded.

At present, Buenos Aires is the only Argentine city with a metro system, but there is a project to build an underground system in the city of Córdoba (Córdoba Metro).[1]

History

Vintage Line A station entrance on Avenida de Mayo

Discussions on the need to build an underground transportation system in Buenos Aires began in the late nineteenth century, alongside thetramway system. They operated from 1870 and in about 1900 were in a crisis exacerbated by the monopolization of the companies, a process initiated against the electrification of the system.

In this context, the first proposals for the building of an underground system were made, along with requests for government grants: first, in 1886, and several more in 1889, but the Ministry of Interior (Ministerio del Interior, in Spanish) denied the city administration the power to license building in the subsoil of the City. For this reason, subsequent drafts were submitted directly to this ministry.

When in 1894 it was decided to construct the Congress building in its present location, the subway idea was revived, as it might shorten the travel time between the Casa Rosada and the Congress (with the same purpose there were also plans to build an electric aerial tramway to go down the Avenida de Mayo). Miguel Cané, former Mayor of Buenos Aires (1892-1893), also expressed in 1896 the need to build an underground railway similar to the one in London.

But the various projects failed to raise capital due, according to Miguel Cané, "the reluctance of the English to provide the necessary funds for the construction".

The first subway line was opened on 1 December 1913 and was built by the Anglo-Argentine Tramways Company (Compañía de Tranvías Anglo-Argentina (CTAA), in Spanish) , which had been given permission to build in 1909. That line was made up of one of the existing sections of line A, linking the stations of Plaza de Mayo and Plaza Miserere. On 1 April 1914 the line was expand to Río de Janeiro station and on 1 July was extended to Primera Junta Station.

In 1912 the company Lacroze Hermanos won a concession to build another subway line. This line is the current line B and was inaugurated on 17 October,1930. In 1933 the Hispano-Argentina Society of Public Works and Finance (Hispano–Argentina de Obras Públicas y Finanzas (CHADOPYF), in Spanish) began construction of the other subway lines.[2]

The entire network was centralised and nationalised during the late 1930s under the management of the Transport Corporation of Buenos Aires (CTBA), which in 1952 was absorbed by the Buenos Aires Transport General Administration (AGTBA).

In 1963, the administration was dissolved and the subway network became the property of the Subterráneos de Buenos Aires (SBA) company (later SBASE). In 1994 the service was privatised and is now managed by Metrovías S.A. with the stations remaining the property of SBASE.

Current Network

Former logo of Subterráneos de Buenos Aires
Humberto Iº station on the new line H

The current network comprises six underground lines, labelled "A" to "E" and "H" and which are further identified by different colours, covering a total track length of 52 km. There is also one surface PreMetro E2 light rail line. Daily ridership is 1.7 million[3] and on the increase. With the current usage patterns, the entire system is overstretched, and during weekdays overcrowded and with insufficient services. An expansion program is planned, and it is expected to enlarge the network to 97 km by 2011.[4]

Fares are cheap (ARS 1.10 (around USD 0.29) and are in fact cheaper than the city buses. While tokens have been used in the past, at present, riders purchase either single-use or multi-use cards (called SubtePass) with a magnetic strip or use Contactless cards called Monedero which can be rechargeable with cash or linked to a bank account for automatic debit. Trains run from 5:00 until 22:45, every 3–6 minutes, depending on the line considered.[citation needed]

Buenos Aires Metro Lines
Line Colour Date opening Original path Current termini Length /km Number of stations Daily passengers
Line A Light Blue 1913 Plaza de Mayo-Plaza Miserere Plaza de Mayo-Carabobo 8.5 16 190,000
Line B Red 1930 Federico Lacroze-Callao L. N. Alem-de Los Incas/Parque Chas 10.2 15 345,000
Line C Blue 1934 Plaza Constitución-Diagonal Norte Plaza Constitución-Retiro 4.5 9 278,000
Line D Green 1937 Catedral-Tribunales Catedral-Congreso de Tucumán 11.0 16 385,000
Line E Purple 1944 Plaza Constitución-Gral. Urquiza Plaza de los Virreyes-Bolívar 9.6 15 104,000
Line F* Maroon No official opening date Plaza Constitución-Plaza Italia** * 8.6** 13** *
Line G* Orange No official opening date Retiro-Cid Campeador** * 7.3** 11** *
Line H Yellow 2007 Once-Caseros Once-Caseros 3.4 5 10,000
Line I* Gold No official opening date Plaza Italia-Parque Chacabuco** * 6.6** 9** *
* Planned lines

** Anexo I from the law 670.

Expansion plans

There are several projects to improve connections.[4]

Lines according to the future expansion program
New Line H and extensions to other lines are under construction

Works in progress

Line A is under construction towards the west from Carabobo: 2 km with 2 stations: San José de Flores, San Pedrito (previously Nazca) (2010).

Line B is being extended underground further west (2 km) from Los Incas to Echeverría and Juan Manuel de Rosas where transfer to the Ferrocarril Mitre will be provided.

Line E extension from Bolívar to Retiro (2 intermediate station C.Central and Catalinas) started mid-2007.

Line H construction on the section Caseros - Hospitales and Once - Corrientes began in early 2006.

Medium-term projects

Northern section connecting Corrientes to Retiro, has seven stations and is 3.8km long.

New lines planned

The future expansion is based on the program Plan of New Lines: , and , whose routes are already approved by the Legislature of the City. 39.3km km will added to the network, expanding it to about 97 km in total length and provide several stations with various interchanges and include north-south routes to create an appropriate network to avoid the city centre. The new lines will mean that more than two million citizens of Buenos Aires, or about 70% of the city's population will live within 400m of a metro station. The new lines will be distributed over 56 new stations.

Line F will run from Barracas to Plaza Italia and will include 16 new stations. The planned route length of this line is 10.8km.

Line G will connect Retiro and Villa Park and is 12.1km long with 15 new stations.

Line I will run Parque Chacabuco to Ciudad Universitaria with 18 new stations. The route length is 12.6km.

Cultural Heritage

Original sign in Pasco station,
Line A
File:Coche 86 recien pintado.jpg
Freshly painted vintage Line A cars (2009)
Line A Plaza de Miserere Station platforms, with transfer to the Once station onLine H of the underground and rail connections to the Sarmiento suburban line
View of metro station entrance Line C in Retiro Station terminus, with connection to Mitre, Belgrano, and San Martin railway lines

The Buenos Aires Metro has historically been characterized by murals and other artistic works in its stations, making a kind of museum throughout the system. These works, and a number of complete stations, are considered part of the cultural heritage of the city and several of them were declared National Historic Landmarks in 1997.[5]

Line A is world-famous because it still keeps its original trains running, making them the oldest subway coaches in commercial service in the world. They were built by La Brugeoise, et Nicaise et Delcuve, a Belgian rolling stock manufacturer established in the city of Bruges, between 1913 and 1919. Entirely made of wood, they were originally designed to run as subway as well as tramway cars, but they were adapted in 1927 to their current styling for underground service only. Since the 1940s, several plans have been made to replace them with newer rolling stock, but none of them has succeeded.[6]

Cultural stations

Many stations are decorated with intricate ceramic tile work, some of it dating back to 1913 when the subway first opened for business. Featured artists include painters and reproductions by Quino, Molina Campos, Raúl Soldi, Rodolfo Medina and Jorge Schwarz. In addition they provide spaces for music and theater events.

Line B
  • Tronador: In this station there are 18 stained glasses that refer to the history of the Villa Ortúzar neighbourhood, were the station is located.
  • Los Incas - Parque Chas: In this station there are 16 murals related with different Pre-Columbian era civilizations are exhibited.
Line C
  • San Juan:
  • Diagonal Norte: Landscapes of Spain. Ceramic murals that correspond to Burgos, Madrid, Aranjuez, El Escorial and Madrid (Alcalá Door) on South platform, and Avila, Toledo, Soria and Segovia on the North Platform. The drafts were made by Martín S. Noel and Manuel Escasany in 1934.
  • General San Martín: Photographic reproductions of the Museo de la Ciudad (City Museum) activities, photographic reproductions and images of the Plaza San Martín (San Martín Park) and photographic reproductions of streets and building of the South zone of the City.
  • Congreso de Tucumán:
Line D
  • Juramento: There are a series of murals exposed in this station that had been reproduced in ceramic by Raúl and Daniel De Francisco.
  • José Hernández: This station has ceramic reproductions of 4 murals made by Raúl Soldi.
  • Olleros: In this station there are showcases exposing works made in the Ceramic School No. 1
Line H

The subway is featured in the 1996 science fiction film Moebius directed by Gustavo Mosquera. In the film, the circumstances surrounding the disappearance of a metro train are investigated by a topologist. The film is based upon the short story, "A Subway Named Möbius" that takes place in the Boston Subway[7].

PreMetro light rail

Main article: PreMetro File:PreMetro-E2 .png

The PreMetro line E2 is a light rail system feeding the Line E of the Buenos Aires Subway, it has been operating for the past few years on the outskirts of Buenos Aires.

Urquiza Line

Main article: Línea Urquiza

Línea Urquiza (in English: Urquiza Line) is a 25.5 km (16 mi) suburban electric commuter line originally designed to be part of the subway system, and operated by the subway operator Metrovías, in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It runs from the Federico Lacroze terminus in the barrio of Chacarita, to General Lemos terminus, Campo de Mayo in Greater Buenos Aires. The line is completely above ground and uses third rail current collection and, at present, is used by an average of 75,400 passengers daily and operates 20 hours a day, 7 days a week at 8 to 30 minute intervals.

In earlier times the line was planned to run into the centre of Buenos Aires through a long tunnel. But when the tunnel was finally built in 1930, it ended up as the B line subway, so that suburban passengers had to change at Federico Lacroze, named after its builder, about 6 km (3.7 mi) from the centre.

See also

References

  1. ^ Diario La Voz Del Interior
  2. ^ www.clico.com.ar Antecedentes, Inicios, Desarrollo de la red y Líneas (Spanish) Retrieved 2010-11-03
  3. ^ www.rieles.com Subte Récord: Ya transporta 1.7 Millón de pasajeros por día (Spanish) Retrieved 2010-11-12
  4. ^ a b www.railway-technology.com Buenos Aires Subway Extensions
  5. ^ Historical National Monuments (Spanish)
  6. ^ BusARG.ar (Spanish)
  7. ^ "A subway named Möbius"