Jump to content

Olympic medal table: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
m minor changes to old version, to help with comparison. Will revert immediately
m Reverted edits by Shreevatsa (talk) to last version by BeL1EveR
Line 1: Line 1:
The '''Olympic medal table''' is a method of sorting the medal placements of countries<ref name="beijing">{{cite web |url=http://results.beijing2008.cn/WRM/ENG/INF/GL/95A/GL0000000.shtml|title=Overall Medal Standings - Beijing 2008 Olympic Games|publisher=''Beijing 2008 official website''|accessdate=2008-08-22}}</ref> in the modern day [[Olympic Games|Olympics]]. Officially, the [[International Olympic Committee]] (IOC) does not recognize a ranking of participating countries at the Olympic Games.<ref name="WSJ">{{cite web |last=Johnson|first=Ian|url=http://www.wsj.com/article/SB121856271893833843.html?mod=psp_free_today|title=Who's on First in Medals Race|publisher=''The Wall Street Journal''|date=2008-08-13|accessdate=2009-01-12}}</ref> (In this context, a country is an entity represented by a [[National Olympic Committee]].) Nevertheless, the IOC does publish medal tables and does follow a convention for sorting the tables.<ref name="medal count"> {{cite web | title = Athens 2004&ndash;Medal Table | publisher = ''International Olympic Committee'' | url = http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/table_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=2004 | accessdate = 2008-05-04 }}</ref><ref name="Araton">{{Cite web|last=Araton|first=Harvey|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/19/sports/olympics/19araton.html?_r=1&ref=sports|title=A Medal Count That Adds Up To Little|publisher=''The New York Times''|date=2008-08-18|accessdate=2009-01-12}}</ref> In this convention, the table is sorted first by the number of gold medals the athletes from a country have earned. In the event of a tie in the number of gold medals, the number of silver medals is taken into consideration, and then the number of bronze medals. If two countries have an equal number of gold, silver, and bronze medals, they are ordered in the table alphabetically by their [[List of IOC country codes|IOC country code]].
The '''Olympic medal table''' is a method of sorting the medal placements of countries in the modern day [[Olympic Games|Olympics]].<ref name="beijing">{{cite web |url=http://results.beijing2008.cn/WRM/ENG/INF/GL/95A/GL0000000.shtml|title=Overall Medal Standings - Beijing 2008 Olympic Games|publisher=''Beijing 2008 official website''|accessdate=2008-08-22}}</ref> Officially, the [[International Olympic Committee]] (IOC) does not recognize a ranking of participating countries at the Olympic Games.<ref name="WSJ">{{cite web |last=Johnson|first=Ian|url=http://www.wsj.com/article/SB121856271893833843.html?mod=psp_free_today|title=Who's on First in Medals Race|publisher=''The Wall Street Journal''|date=2008-08-13|accessdate=2009-01-12}}</ref> Nevertheless, the IOC does publish medal tables for informational purposes, showing the total number of medals earned by athletes representing each country's respective [[National Olympic Committee]].<ref name="medal count"> {{cite web | title = Athens 2004&ndash;Medal Table | publisher = ''International Olympic Committee'' | url = http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/table_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=2004 | accessdate = 2008-05-04 }}</ref><ref name="Araton">{{Cite web|last=Araton|first=Harvey|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/19/sports/olympics/19araton.html?_r=1&ref=sports|title=A Medal Count That Adds Up To Little|publisher=''The New York Times''|date=2008-08-18|accessdate=2009-01-12}}</ref> The convention used by the IOC is to sort by the number of gold medals the athletes from a country have earned. In the event of a tie in the number of gold medals, the number of silver medals is taken into consideration, and then the number of bronze medals. If two countries have an equal number of gold, silver, and bronze medals, they are ordered in the table alphabetically by their [[List of IOC country codes|IOC country code]].


==Background==
==Background==
Line 10: Line 10:
According to Australian IOC member Kevan Gosper, the IOC began to accommodate medals tables in 1992, releasing 'information' based on the 'gold first' standard.<ref name="WSJ"/> The medal tables provided on its website carry this disclaimer:{{cquote|The International Olympic Committee (IOC) does not recognise global ranking per country; the medal tables are displayed for information only. Furthermore, the results that we publish are official and are taken from the "Official Report" - a document published for each Olympic Games by the Organising Committee. However, for the first Olympic Games (until Antwerp in 1920), it is difficult to give the exact number of medals awarded to some countries, due to the fact that teams were composed of athletes from different countries. The medal tables by country are based on the number of medals won, with gold medals taking priority over silver and bronze. A team victory counts as one medal.|20|20|International Olympic Committee<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/table_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=1896|title=Olympic Games Athens 1896 - Medal Table|publisher=''International Olympic Committee''|accessdate=2008-08-19}}</ref>}}
According to Australian IOC member Kevan Gosper, the IOC began to accommodate medals tables in 1992, releasing 'information' based on the 'gold first' standard.<ref name="WSJ"/> The medal tables provided on its website carry this disclaimer:{{cquote|The International Olympic Committee (IOC) does not recognise global ranking per country; the medal tables are displayed for information only. Furthermore, the results that we publish are official and are taken from the "Official Report" - a document published for each Olympic Games by the Organising Committee. However, for the first Olympic Games (until Antwerp in 1920), it is difficult to give the exact number of medals awarded to some countries, due to the fact that teams were composed of athletes from different countries. The medal tables by country are based on the number of medals won, with gold medals taking priority over silver and bronze. A team victory counts as one medal.|20|20|International Olympic Committee<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/table_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=1896|title=Olympic Games Athens 1896 - Medal Table|publisher=''International Olympic Committee''|accessdate=2008-08-19}}</ref>}}


==Other ranking systems==
==Ranking systems==


The 'gold first' ranking system described above is used by most of the world media. In the United States it is more common to publish medal tables ordered by the total number of medals won,<ref name="WSJ"/><ref>{{Cite web|last=Eason|first=Kevin|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/olympics/article4599875.ece|title=America refuses to accept defeat in Olympic medal count|publisher=''The Times (UK)''|date=2008-08-25|accessdate=2009-01-12}}</ref><ref name="LATimes">{{cite news |first=Robert |last=Hardaway |title=Weighing Olympic gold |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/sunday/commentary/la-oe-hardaway22-2008aug22,0,52982.story |publisher=''The Los Angeles Times'' |date=2008-08-22 |accessdate=2008-08-22 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Flyan|first=Kevin |url=http://blogs.reuters.com/china/2008/08/19/whos-top-of-the-medals-table/|title=Who’s top of the medals table?|publisher=''Reuters''|date=2008-08-19|accessdate=2009-01-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Wetzel|first=Dan|url=http://sports.yahoo.com/olympics/news?slug=dw-medalcount082208&prov=yhoo&type=lgns|title=U.S. will be rocked by China’s heavy medals|publisher=''Yahoo! Sports''|date=2008-08-22|accessdate=2009-01-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Pells|first=Eddie|url=http://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/2008-03-05-2600371400_x.htm|title=US, China set low Olympic expectations|publisher=''USA Today''|date=2008-03-05|accessdate=2009-01-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Paul|first=Alan|url=http://www.nbcolympics.com/destinationbeijing/blogs/postid=221688.html|title=Different measures of success in race for gold |publisher=''NBC Olympics''|date=2008-08-16|accessdate=2009-01-12}}</ref> although an article by Richard Adams of the ''[[The Guardian (UK)]]'' claimed that it has not always been so.<ref name="Adams">{{Cite web|last=Adams |first=Richard |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/blog/2008/aug/14/bustedhowamericaturnedthe|title=Olympics: America turns the tables|publisher=''The Guardian (UK)''|date=2008-08-14|accessdate=2008-08-14}}</ref>Before 2008, this difference in ranking system received scant notice, since in recent Olympic history the country that led in total medals also led in the gold count. China and the U.S. bucked this trend in 2008.<ref name="LATimes"/> In an August 24 news conference, IOC President [[Jacques Rogge]] said: "China has won the most gold medals and the United States of America won the most total. I believe each country will highlight what suits it best. One country will say, 'Gold medals.' The other country will say, 'The total tally counts.' We take no position on that."<ref>{{cite web|author=Shipley, Amy|title=China's Show of Power|publisher=''The Washington Post''|date=2008-08-25 |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/24/AR2008082400851.html?hpid=topnews|accessdate=2008-08-28}}</ref> However, the pages on the official IOC website ranks nations by gold medals first.<ref name="medal count"/><ref name="Araton"/>
As the IOC does not consider its sorting of nations to be an official ranking system, various methods of ranking nations are used. The 'gold first' ranking system described above is used by most of the world media, as well as the IOC. However, in the United States it is more common to publish medal tables ordered by the total number of medals won,<ref name="WSJ"/><ref>{{Cite web|last=Eason|first=Kevin|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/olympics/article4599875.ece|title=America refuses to accept defeat in Olympic medal count|publisher=''The Times (UK)''|date=2008-08-25|accessdate=2009-01-12}}</ref><ref name="LATimes">{{cite news |first=Robert |last=Hardaway |title=Weighing Olympic gold |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/sunday/commentary/la-oe-hardaway22-2008aug22,0,52982.story |publisher=''The Los Angeles Times'' |date=2008-08-22 |accessdate=2008-08-22 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Flyan|first=Kevin |url=http://blogs.reuters.com/china/2008/08/19/whos-top-of-the-medals-table/|title=Who’s top of the medals table?|publisher=''Reuters''|date=2008-08-19|accessdate=2009-01-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Wetzel|first=Dan|url=http://sports.yahoo.com/olympics/news?slug=dw-medalcount082208&prov=yhoo&type=lgns|title=U.S. will be rocked by China’s heavy medals|publisher=''Yahoo! Sports''|date=2008-08-22|accessdate=2009-01-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Pells|first=Eddie|url=http://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/2008-03-05-2600371400_x.htm|title=US, China set low Olympic expectations|publisher=''USA Today''|date=2008-03-05|accessdate=2009-01-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Paul|first=Alan|url=http://www.nbcolympics.com/destinationbeijing/blogs/postid=221688.html|title=Different measures of success in race for gold |publisher=''NBC Olympics''|date=2008-08-16|accessdate=2009-01-12}}</ref> although the gold first ranking has been used on occasion.<ref name="Adams">{{Cite web|last=Adams |first=Richard |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/blog/2008/aug/14/bustedhowamericaturnedthe|title=Olympics: America turns the tables|publisher=''The Guardian (UK)''|date=2008-08-14|accessdate=2008-08-14}}</ref><ref name="Telegraph">{{Cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/olympics/2602029/US-accused-of-medal-table-spin---Beijing-Olympics-2008.html|accessdate=2009-01-16|date=2008-08-22|last=Ruddick|first=Graham|publisher=''The Telegraph (UK)''|title=US accused of medal table spin}}</ref> Before 2008, this difference in ranking system received scant notice, since in recent Olympic history the country that led in total medals also led in the gold count. China and the U.S. bucked this trend in 2008.<ref name="LATimes"/> In an August 24 news conference, IOC President [[Jacques Rogge]] said: "China has won the most gold medals and the United States of America won the most total. I believe each country will highlight what suits it best. One country will say, 'Gold medals.' The other country will say, 'The total tally counts.' We take no position on that."<ref>{{cite web|author=Shipley, Amy|title=China's Show of Power|publisher=''The Washington Post''|date=2008-08-25 |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/24/AR2008082400851.html?hpid=topnews|accessdate=2008-08-28}}</ref> Another ranking system commonly used by smaller nations is per-capita ranking, where the number of medals is divided by the population of the country. <ref name=nzherald>{{citeweb|title=We are second in medals table-behind Slovenia|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/news/article.cfm?c_id=4&objectid=10528184|accessdate=2009-01-16|date=2008-08-21|publisher=New Zealand Herald|last=Donovan|first=Brooke}}</ref> However, using this ranking system it is impossible for a country with a large population such as China or the United States to top the rankings.<ref name=Jamaica>{{citeweb|url=http://sportscaribe.com/olympics/2008/?id=25|title=Jamaica 2nd in per capita medals|accessdate=2009-01-16|publisher=www.sportscaribe.com (Jamaica)}}</ref>


<!-- I DON'T LIKE TO DELETE ENTIRE PARAGRAPHS, BUT [[WP:UNDUE|UNDUE WEIGHT]] WAS BEING GIVEN TO THE ISSUE. Some of it may belong in the article, but at the risk of the entire copyedit being reverted, I've quoted it out for the relevant parts to be re-included after discussion.
<!-- comment to fool Mediawiki -->


According to Ian Johnson of the ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'', most of the U.S. media has historically ranked countries in an 'overall total' manner, with all medals being added up and a ranking based on which country has the greatest number; this difference in ranking has origins in the early days of the Olympics.<ref name="WSJ"/> Most U.S. media receives their medal tables from the [[Associated Press]],<ref name="NYT">{{cite web |title=The Medal Rankings: Which Country Leads the Olympics?|author=Klein, Jeff |publisher=''New York Times''|date=2008-08-17 |url=http://olympics.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/08/23/the-medal-rankings-which-country-leads-the-olympics/|accessdate=2008-08-27}}</ref> and according to AP sports editor Paul Montella "has always aggregated it by total medals for as long as we can remember".<ref name="WSJ"/><ref name="DailyTelegraph">{{cite news |first=Graham |last=Ruddick |title=USA accused of medal table spin |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/olympics/2602029/US-accused-of-medal-table-spin---Beijing-Olympics-2008.html |publisher=''Daily Telegraph'' |date=2008-08-22 |accessdate=2008-08-26 }}</ref> However, according to Adams ''[[USA Today]]'' used the gold medal ranking system in past Olympics, but ranked by total medals in 2008.<ref name="Adams"/>
According to Ian Johnson of the ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'', most of the U.S. media has historically ranked countries in an 'overall total' manner, with all medals being added up and a ranking based on which country has the greatest number; this difference in ranking has origins in the early days of the Olympics.<ref name="WSJ"/> Most U.S. media receives their medal tables from the [[Associated Press]],<ref name="NYT">{{cite web |title=The Medal Rankings: Which Country Leads the Olympics?|author=Klein, Jeff |publisher=''New York Times''|date=2008-08-17 |url=http://olympics.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/08/23/the-medal-rankings-which-country-leads-the-olympics/|accessdate=2008-08-27}}</ref> and according to AP sports editor Paul Montella "has always aggregated it by total medals for as long as we can remember".<ref name="WSJ"/><ref name="DailyTelegraph">{{cite news |first=Graham |last=Ruddick |title=USA accused of medal table spin |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/olympics/2602029/US-accused-of-medal-table-spin---Beijing-Olympics-2008.html |publisher=''Daily Telegraph'' |date=2008-08-22 |accessdate=2008-08-26 }}</ref> However, according to Adams ''[[USA Today]]'' used the gold medal ranking system in past Olympics, but ranked by total medals in 2008.<ref name="Adams"/> -->
Systematic rankings based upon a weighted point system with the most points awarded to a gold medal have also been devised. In 1908 the British press invented a ranking system based on tallying, awarding gold medals 5 points, silver medals 3 and bronzes 1.<ref name="LATimes">{{cite news |first=Robert |last=Hardaway |title=Weighing Olympic gold |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/sunday/commentary/la-oe-hardaway22-2008aug22,0,52982.story |publisher=Los Angeles Times |date=2008-08-22 |accessdate=2008-08-22 }}</ref> In response to the 2008 controversy over medal rank, a ''[[New York Times]]'' article on the subject listed a points system, with 1 point awarded for every bronze medal won, 2 points for every silver medal, and 4 points for every gold medal won.<ref name="NYT"/> Using this measure, China was listed above the United States.
Systematic rankings based upon a weighted point system with the most points awarded to a gold medal have also been devised. In 1908 the British press invented a ranking system based on tallying, awarding gold medals 5 points, silver medals 3 and bronzes 1.<ref name="LATimes">{{cite news |first=Robert |last=Hardaway |title=Weighing Olympic gold |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/sunday/commentary/la-oe-hardaway22-2008aug22,0,52982.story |publisher=Los Angeles Times |date=2008-08-22 |accessdate=2008-08-22 }}</ref> In response to the 2008 controversy over medal rank, a ''[[New York Times]]'' article on the subject listed a points system, with 1 point awarded for every bronze medal won, 2 points for every silver medal, and 4 points for every gold medal won.<ref name="NYT">{{cite web |title=The Medal Rankings: Which Country Leads the Olympics?|author=Klein, Jeff |publisher=''New York Times''|date=2008-08-17 |url=http://olympics.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/08/23/the-medal-rankings-which-country-leads-the-olympics/|accessdate=2008-08-27}}</ref> Using this measure, China was listed above the United States.


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 18:47, 16 January 2009

The Olympic medal table is a method of sorting the medal placements of countries in the modern day Olympics.[1] Officially, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) does not recognize a ranking of participating countries at the Olympic Games.[2] Nevertheless, the IOC does publish medal tables for informational purposes, showing the total number of medals earned by athletes representing each country's respective National Olympic Committee.[3][4] The convention used by the IOC is to sort by the number of gold medals the athletes from a country have earned. In the event of a tie in the number of gold medals, the number of silver medals is taken into consideration, and then the number of bronze medals. If two countries have an equal number of gold, silver, and bronze medals, they are ordered in the table alphabetically by their IOC country code.

Background

The Olympic Charter, Chapter 1, section 6 states that:

The Olympic Games are competitions between athletes in individual or team events and not between countries …

— International Olympic Committee[5]

The Charter goes even further in Chapter 5, section 58, expressly prohibiting the IOC from producing an official ranking:

The IOC and the OCOG shall not draw up any global ranking per country. A roll of honour bearing the names of medal winners and those awarded diplomas in each event shall be established by the OCOG and the names of the medal winners shall be featured prominently and be on permanent display in the main stadium.

— International Olympic Committee

According to Australian IOC member Kevan Gosper, the IOC began to accommodate medals tables in 1992, releasing 'information' based on the 'gold first' standard.[2] The medal tables provided on its website carry this disclaimer:

The International Olympic Committee (IOC) does not recognise global ranking per country; the medal tables are displayed for information only. Furthermore, the results that we publish are official and are taken from the "Official Report" - a document published for each Olympic Games by the Organising Committee. However, for the first Olympic Games (until Antwerp in 1920), it is difficult to give the exact number of medals awarded to some countries, due to the fact that teams were composed of athletes from different countries. The medal tables by country are based on the number of medals won, with gold medals taking priority over silver and bronze. A team victory counts as one medal.

— International Olympic Committee[6]

Ranking systems

As the IOC does not consider its sorting of nations to be an official ranking system, various methods of ranking nations are used. The 'gold first' ranking system described above is used by most of the world media, as well as the IOC. However, in the United States it is more common to publish medal tables ordered by the total number of medals won,[2][7][8][9][10][11][12] although the gold first ranking has been used on occasion.[13][14] Before 2008, this difference in ranking system received scant notice, since in recent Olympic history the country that led in total medals also led in the gold count. China and the U.S. bucked this trend in 2008.[8] In an August 24 news conference, IOC President Jacques Rogge said: "China has won the most gold medals and the United States of America won the most total. I believe each country will highlight what suits it best. One country will say, 'Gold medals.' The other country will say, 'The total tally counts.' We take no position on that."[15] Another ranking system commonly used by smaller nations is per-capita ranking, where the number of medals is divided by the population of the country. [16] However, using this ranking system it is impossible for a country with a large population such as China or the United States to top the rankings.[17]

Systematic rankings based upon a weighted point system with the most points awarded to a gold medal have also been devised. In 1908 the British press invented a ranking system based on tallying, awarding gold medals 5 points, silver medals 3 and bronzes 1.[8] In response to the 2008 controversy over medal rank, a New York Times article on the subject listed a points system, with 1 point awarded for every bronze medal won, 2 points for every silver medal, and 4 points for every gold medal won.[18] Using this measure, China was listed above the United States.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Overall Medal Standings - Beijing 2008 Olympic Games". Beijing 2008 official website. Retrieved 2008-08-22. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  2. ^ a b c Johnson, Ian (2008-08-13). "Who's on First in Medals Race". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2009-01-12. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  3. ^ "Athens 2004–Medal Table". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 2008-05-04. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  4. ^ Araton, Harvey (2008-08-18). "A Medal Count That Adds Up To Little". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-01-12. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  5. ^ "Olympic Charter" (PDF). International Olympic Committee. 2007-07-07. Retrieved 2008-08-27. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  6. ^ "Olympic Games Athens 1896 - Medal Table". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 2008-08-19. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  7. ^ Eason, Kevin (2008-08-25). "America refuses to accept defeat in Olympic medal count". The Times (UK). Retrieved 2009-01-12. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  8. ^ a b c Hardaway, Robert (2008-08-22). "Weighing Olympic gold". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2008-08-22. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help) Cite error: The named reference "LATimes" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  9. ^ Flyan, Kevin (2008-08-19). "Who's top of the medals table?". Reuters. Retrieved 2009-01-12. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  10. ^ Wetzel, Dan (2008-08-22). "U.S. will be rocked by China's heavy medals". Yahoo! Sports. Retrieved 2009-01-12. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  11. ^ Pells, Eddie (2008-03-05). "US, China set low Olympic expectations". USA Today. Retrieved 2009-01-12. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  12. ^ Paul, Alan (2008-08-16). "Different measures of success in race for gold". NBC Olympics. Retrieved 2009-01-12. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  13. ^ Adams, Richard (2008-08-14). "Olympics: America turns the tables". The Guardian (UK). Retrieved 2008-08-14. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  14. ^ Ruddick, Graham (2008-08-22). "US accused of medal table spin". The Telegraph (UK). Retrieved 2009-01-16. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  15. ^ Shipley, Amy (2008-08-25). "China's Show of Power". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-08-28. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  16. ^ Donovan, Brooke (2008-08-21). "We are second in medals table-behind Slovenia". New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 2009-01-16.
  17. ^ "Jamaica 2nd in per capita medals". www.sportscaribe.com (Jamaica). Retrieved 2009-01-16.
  18. ^ Klein, Jeff (2008-08-17). "The Medal Rankings: Which Country Leads the Olympics?". New York Times. Retrieved 2008-08-27. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Olympic_medal_table&oldid=264511323"