21st G7 summit: Difference between revisions
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==Leaders at the Summit== |
==Leaders at the Summit== |
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[[Image:G8-halifax-1995-01.jpg|right|250px|thumb|G7 leaders of the time on the [[downtown Halifax]] waterfront.]] |
[[Image:G8-halifax-1995-01.jpg|right|250px|thumb|G7 leaders of the time on the [[downtown Halifax]] waterfront.]] |
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The composition of the G7 summit is a perennial topic. The G7 summits after 1981 considered the [[President of the European Commission]] as a permanently welcome participant in all meetings and decision-making, which means that this G7 summit has eight essential participants.<ref name="reuters_what"/> |
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*{{flagicon|Canada}} '''[[Canada]]''' - [[Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Minister]] [[Jean Chrétien]].<ref name="j-mofa1"/> |
*{{flagicon|Canada}} '''[[Canada]]''' - [[Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Minister]] [[Jean Chrétien]].<ref name="j-mofa1"/> |
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*{{flagicon|France}} '''[[France]]''' - [[President of France|President]] [[Jacques Chirac]].<ref name="j-mofa1"/> |
*{{flagicon|France}} '''[[France]]''' - [[President of France|President]] [[Jacques Chirac]].<ref name="j-mofa1"/> |
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*{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} '''[[United Kingdom]]''' - [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] [[John Major]].<ref name="j-mofa1"/> |
*{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} '''[[United Kingdom]]''' - [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] [[John Major]].<ref name="j-mofa1"/> |
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*{{flagicon|USA}} '''[[United States]]''' - [[President of the United States|President]] [[Bill Clinton]].<ref name="j-mofa1"/> |
*{{flagicon|USA}} '''[[United States]]''' - [[President of the United States|President]] [[Bill Clinton]].<ref name="j-mofa1"/> |
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*{{flagicon|EU}} '''[[European Union]]''' - [[President of the European Commission|President]] [[Jacques Santer]]<ref name="ec1">{{cite web| url = http://www.deljpn.ec.europa.eu/union/showpage_en_union.external.g8.php| title = EU and the G8| accessdate = 2007-09-25| publisher = European Commission}}</ref> |
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==Issues== |
==Issues== |
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Revision as of 21:44, 10 April 2009
| 23rd G8 summit | |
|---|---|
 21st G8 summit official logo | |
| Host country | Canada |
| Dates | June 15-17 |
The 21st G7 summit was held from June 15 to June 17, 1995 in Halifax, Nova Scotia. The venue for this summit meeting was Summit Place in Halifax.[1] It was curiously labeled by some as the "Chevrolet summit."[2]
The Group of Seven (G7) was an unofficial forum which brought together the heads of the richest industrialized countries: France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada (since 1976)[3] and the President of the European Commission (starting officially in 1981).[4] The summits were not meant to be linked formally with wider international institutions; and in fact, a mild rebellion against the stiff formality of other international meetings was a part of the genesis of cooperation between France's President Giscard d'Estaing and Germany's Chancellor Helmut Schmidt as they conceived the first Group of Six (G6) summit in 1975.[5]
Leaders at the Summit
Canada - Prime Minister Jean Chrétien.[1]
France - President Jacques Chirac.[1]
Germany - Chancellor Helmut Kohl.[1]
Italy - Prime Minister Lamberto Dini.[1]
Japan - Prime Minister Murayama Tomiichi.[1]
United Kingdom - Prime Minister John Major.[1]
United States - President Bill Clinton.[1]
Issues
The summit was intended as a venue for resolving differences among its members. As a practical matter, the summit was also conceived as an opportunity for its members to give each other mutual encouragement in the face of difficult economic decisions.[5] Issues which were discussed at this summit included:
- Growth and Employment
- Meeting the Challenges of the 21st Century
- Strengthening the Global Economy
- Promoting Sustainable Development
- Reducing Poverty
- Safeguarding the Environment
- Preventing and Responding to Crises
- Reinforcing Coherence, Effectiveness and Efficiency of Institutions
- Creating Opportunities through Open Markets
- Economies in Transition
- Nuclear Safety
Accomplishments
This was the first year that the G8 summit was marked by an official World Wide Web site on the Internet sponsored by the Canadian Government. Two two unofficial Web pages were also created, one set up by Dalhousie University in Halifax, the summit site, and the other created by teachers and students of Cornwallis Junior High School there.[6]
See also
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h Japan, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA): Summit Meetings in the Past.
- ^ Council for Parity Democracy: Raymond Lloyd letter
- ^ Saunders, Doug. "Weight of the world too heavy for G8 shoulders," Globe and Mail (Toronto). July 5, 2008 -- n.b., the G7 becomes the G8 with the inclusion of Russia starting in 1997.
- ^ Reuters: "Factbox: The Group of Eight: what is it?", July 3, 2008.
- ^ a b Reinalda, Bob and Bertjan Verbeek. (1998). Autonomous Policy Making by International Organizations, p. 205.
- ^ Sanger, David. "International Business; A Glum Unity: The Group of 7 Sees Downhill," New York Times. June 15, 1995.
References
- Bayne, Nicholas and Robert D. Putnam. (2000). Hanging in There: The G7 and G8 Summit in Maturity and Renewal. Aldershot, Hampshire, England: Ashgate Publishing. 10-ISBN 0-754-61185-X; 13-ISBN 978-0-754-61185-1; OCLC 43186692
- Reinalda, Bob and Bertjan Verbeek. (1998). Autonomous Policy Making by International Organizations. London: Routledge. 10-ISBN 0-415-16486-9; 13-ISBN 978-0-415-16486-3
External links
- Official G8 website: Halifax summit, 1995; n.b., no official website is created for any G7 summit prior to 1995.
- University of Toronto: G8 Research Group, G8 Information Centre
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