Flag of Palestine: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|thumb|[[File:FIAV 111111.svg|23px]] Proportions 1:2]] |
[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|thumb|[[File:FIAV 111111.svg|23px]] Proportions 1:2]] |
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The '''Palestinian flag''' ({{lang-ar|'''علم فلسطين'''}}) is based on the [[Flag of the Arab Revolt]], used |
The '''Palestinian flag''' ({{lang-ar|'''علم فلسطين'''}}) is based on the [[Flag of the Arab Revolt]], currently used to represent the[[Palestinian people]] and the [[State of Palestine]], and adopted by the [[Palestinian Authority]]. |
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The origins of the flag are the subject of dispute and mythology. In one version, the colours were chosen by the Arab nationalist 'Literary Club' in Istanbul in 1909, based on the words of the thirteenth century Arab poet Safi a-Din al-Hili. Another version credits the Young Arab Society, formed in Paris in 1911. Yet another version is that the flag was designed by [[Mark Sykes|Sir Mark Sykes]] of the British Foreign Office. Whatever the correct story, the flag was used by [[Sharif Hussein]] by 1917 at the latest and quickly became regarded as the flag of the Arab national movement.<ref name="sorek">Tamir Sorek, The orange and the ‘Cross in the Crescent’: imagining Palestine in 1929, ''Nations and Nationalism'', Vol 10 (2004) 269-291.</ref> |
The origins of the flag are the subject of dispute and mythology. In one version, the colours were chosen by the Arab nationalist 'Literary Club' in Istanbul in 1909, based on the words of the thirteenth century Arab poet Safi a-Din al-Hili. Another version credits the Young Arab Society, formed in Paris in 1911. Yet another version is that the flag was designed by [[Mark Sykes|Sir Mark Sykes]] of the British Foreign Office. Whatever the correct story, the flag was used by [[Sharif Hussein]] by 1917 at the latest and quickly became regarded as the flag of the Arab national movement.<ref name="sorek">Tamir Sorek, The orange and the ‘Cross in the Crescent’: imagining Palestine in 1929, ''Nations and Nationalism'', Vol 10 (2004) 269-291.</ref> |
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| ⚫ | On October 18, 1948, the all-Palestine Government adopted the [[flag of the Arab Revolt]] in Gaza and the [[Arab League]] subsequently recognized it as the flag of the All Palestine Government. A modified version was officially adopted as the flag of the Palestinian people by the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]] (PLO) in 1964. On November 15, 1988 the PLO adopted the flag as the flag of the [[State of Palestine]]. Today the flag is flown widely by [[Palestinian people|Palestinian Arabs]] and their supporters. |
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The flag is constituted of three equal horizontal stripes (black, white and green from top to bottom) overlaid by a red isosceles right triangle issuing from the hoist. (See [[Pan-Arab colors]].) The flag is almost identical to that of the [[Baath Party]] and very similar to the flags of [[Flag of Western Sahara|Western Sahara]], [[Flag of Sudan|Sudan]] and [[Flag of Jordan|Jordan]]; all of these draw their ultimate inspiration from the flag of the [[Arab Revolt]] against [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] rule (1916-1918), which had the same graphic form, but the colours were arranged differently than in the modern flags (white on the bottom rather than in the middle). |
The flag is constituted of three equal horizontal stripes (black, white and green from top to bottom) overlaid by a red isosceles right triangle issuing from the hoist. (See [[Pan-Arab colors]].) The flag is almost identical to that of the [[Baath Party]] and very similar to the flags of [[Flag of Western Sahara|Western Sahara]], [[Flag of Sudan|Sudan]] and [[Flag of Jordan|Jordan]]; all of these draw their ultimate inspiration from the flag of the [[Arab Revolt]] against [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] rule (1916-1918), which had the same graphic form, but the colours were arranged differently than in the modern flags (white on the bottom rather than in the middle). |
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[[File:Palestine-Mandate-Ensign-1927-1948.svg|thumb|[[British Mandate of Palestine]] Palestine-Mandate 1927-1948]] |
[[File:Palestine-Mandate-Ensign-1927-1948.svg|thumb|[[British Mandate of Palestine]] Palestine-Mandate 1927-1948]] |
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For the flag used during the period of the [[British Mandate of Palestine]], see article on the [[Flag of the British Mandate of Palestine]]. |
For the flag used during the period of the [[British Mandate of Palestine]], see article on the [[Flag of the British Mandate of Palestine]]. |
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[[File:Arab_Revolt_flag.svg|thumb|[[Arab Revolt]] All-Palestine 1917-1948]] |
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| ⚫ | On October 18, 1948, the all-Palestine Government adopted the [[flag of the Arab Revolt]] in Gaza and the [[Arab League]] subsequently recognized it as the flag of the All Palestine Government. A modified version was officially adopted as the flag of the Palestinian people by the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]] (PLO) in 1964. On November 15, 1988 the PLO adopted the flag as the flag of the [[State of Palestine]]. Today the flag is flown widely by [[Palestinian people|Palestinian Arabs]] and their supporters.<ref> United Nations Security Council: The situation in the Middle East, including the Palestinian question ([http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/3822b5e39951876a85256b6e0058a478/541191494dec3b4085256f4e0067c4a3!OpenDocument S/PV.5077])<br/>Mr. Terje Roed-Larsen, Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process and Personal Representative of the Secretary-General: "[Arafat] with the trademark kaffiyeh epitomized Palestinian identity and national aspirations, even more than the Palestinian flag or the national anthem."</ref><ref>[[Flags of the World]]: [http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/Flags/ps.html Palestine]<br/>Quote: "The Palestinian flag represents all Palestinian Arab aspirations regardless of party."</ref><ref>AmericanDiplomacy.org: [http://www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/item/2006/0103/ca_efaw/efaw_intifada.html Palestinian Psychological Operations: The First Intifada] by Jamie Efaw<br/>Quote: "An example of a common, obvious symbolism came in the form of the Palestinian flag. [...] the flag and the colors transmitted the message to all target audiences the underlying theme of the entire Intifada—Palestinian nationalism. The flag, the symbol of Palestinian nationalism, was ubiquitous in the occupied territories."</ref> |
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==Description and meaning== |
==Description and meaning== |
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{{main|Pan-Arab colors}} |
{{main|Pan-Arab colors}} |
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The Meaning of the Flag <ref>PASSIA: [http://www.passia.org/palestine_facts/meaning_of_flag.htm The Meaning of the Flag], Dr. Mahdi Abdul Hadi<br/>Quote: "The Palestinian [sic] people raised it as the flag of the Arab National movement in 1917. In 1947, the Arab Ba'ath Party interpreted the flag as a symbol of the liberation and unity of the Arab nation. The Palestinian people readopted the flag at the Palestinian conference in Gaza in 1948. The flag was recognized by the Arab League as the flag of the Palestinian people. It was further endorsed by the PLO, the representative of the Palestinians, at the Palestinian conference in Jerusalem in 1964."</ref> |
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<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Tazahorat.jpg|thumb|A big flag of Palestine in [[Bagh-e Melli]] in [[Tehran]], [[Iran]].|A bigger flag of Palestine in [[Bagh-e Melli]] in [[Tehran]].]] --> |
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The black, white and green bands of the [[Arab Revolt]] banner represents, according to [[King Hussein]]'s website, the Arab [[Abbasid]], [[Umayyad]] and [[Fatimid]] dynasties respectively, while the crimson triangle joining the bands represents the [[Hashemite]] dynasty.[http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/jo_anthem.html] |
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'''RED''': The [[Al-Andalus|Islamic rulers of Andalusia]] (756-1355)<br /> |
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The Khawarij were the first [[Islamic]] group to emerge after the assassination of Caliph Uthman III, forming the first republican party in the early days of [[Islam]]. Their symbol was the red flag. Arab tribes who participated in the conquest of [[North Africa]] and [[Andalusia]] carried the red flag, which became the symbol of the [[Al-Andalus|Islamic rulers of Andalusia]] (756-1355). In modern times, red symbolizes the [[Ashraaf]] of the [[Hijaz]] and the [[Hashemites]], descendants of the Prophet. Sharif Hussein designed the current flag as the flag of the Arab Revolt on June 1916. The [[Palestinian people]] raised it as the flag of the [[Arab National movement]] in 1917. In 1947, the Arab Ba'ath Party interpreted the flag as a symbol of the liberation and unity of the Arab nation. The [[Palestinian people]] readopted the flag at the Palestinian conference in Gaza in 1948. The flag was recognized by the Arab League as the flag of the [[Palestinian people]]. It was further endorsed by the [[PLO]], the representative of the Palestinians, at the Palestinian conference in [[Jerusalem]] in 1964. |
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'''BLACK''': The [[Prophet Mohammad]] (570-632)<br /> |
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In the seventh century, with the rise of Islam and subsequent liberation of Mecca, two flags - one white, one black - were carried. On the white flag was written, "There is no god but God (Allah) and Mohammad is the Prophet of God." |
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In [[pre-Islamic]] times, the black flag was a sign of revenge. It was the color of the headdress worn when leading troops into battle. |
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Both black and white flags were placed in the mosque during Friday prayers. |
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The [[Abbasid]] Dynasty (750-1258), ruling from Baghdad, took black as a symbol of mourning for the assassination of relatives of the Prophet and in remembrance of the Battle of Karbala. |
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'''WHITE''': The [[Umayyad]] Dynasty (661-750), [[Damascus]]<br /> |
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The [[Umayyads]] ruled for ninety years, taking white as their symbolic color as a reminder of the Prophet's first battle at Badr, and to distinguish themselves from the [[Abbasids]], by using white, rather than black, as their color of mourning. |
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Mu'awia Ibn Abi Sufian (661-750), founder of the [[Umayyad]] state, proclaimed himself Caliph of [[Jerusalem]]. |
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'''GREEN''': The [[Fatimid]] Dynasty (909-1171), [[North Africa]]<br /> |
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The [[Fatimid]] Dynasty was founded in [[Morocco]] by Abdullah Al-Mahdi, and went on rule all of [[North Africa]]. |
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They took green as their color, to symbolize their allegiance to Ali, the Prophet's cousin, who was once wrapped in a green coverlet in place of the Prophet in order to thwart an assassination attempt. |
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<br /> |
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Another opinion claims the origin of the [[Arab Revolt]] flag to a group of Arab Activists at the Arab Intellectual Council in [[Istanbul]], around 1909-1911, who created a banner for their council with the four colors and the following poem written within it: |
Another opinion claims the origin of the [[Arab Revolt]] flag to a group of Arab Activists at the Arab Intellectual Council in [[Istanbul]], around 1909-1911, who created a banner for their council with the four colors and the following poem written within it: |
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(Safi al-Din al-Hili, poet) |
(Safi al-Din al-Hili, poet) |
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Other opinions claim the following meanings to the colors |
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Red: |
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The Red triangle is supposed to encompass, or join, the three other color bands of the flag. Beside the reference to the above poem, Red is associated with the [[Hashemite]], [[Ashrafs]] of the [[Hejaz]], who led the [[Arab Revolt]] against the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] rule. Along the Islamic history the first red banners were of the [[Khwarij]] revolts against the [[Rashid]] and [[Umayyad]] rule. Red was also the colour of the Arab tribes who participated in the conquest of [[North Africa]] and [[Andalusia]]. The colour red was also later adopted by the Islamic rulers of Andalusia (756–1355). |
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Black: |
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Since pre-Islamic times, the black flag has been a symbol of war. The [[Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]] used to have a black war banner called "Al-Uqab", along with the white flag. The use of the black banner might have continued throughout the [[Rashid]] Era of the four rulers (Khalifa) who ruled after the prophet’s death. The [[Abbasid]] Dynasty (750–1258) adopted black, in their successful efforts to overthrow the [[Umayyad]], as a claim of them being the true heir to the rule of the Islamic State, and might have been to gain ground with those who used black to mourn the killing of [[Hussein bin Ali]], Muhammad's grandson in the Battle of [[Karbala]]. |
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White: |
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The [[Umayyad]] Dynasty (661–750) used white as their colour. The first flag of Muhammad was a white cloth. It might have been during the first battle at Badr. Today, white is the colour associated with monarchist movements. |
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Green: |
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Green was the colour of the [[Fatimid]] Dynasty, allegedly adopted in allegiance to Prophet Mohammad's cousin Ali, who allegedly once disguised himself in a green coverlet in order to evade an attempt on Muhammad’s life. |
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==Ban== |
==Ban== |
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Revision as of 09:13, 11 August 2009
Proportions 1:2The Palestinian flag (Arabic: علم فلسطين) is based on the Flag of the Arab Revolt, currently used to represent thePalestinian people and the State of Palestine, and adopted by the Palestinian Authority.
The origins of the flag are the subject of dispute and mythology. In one version, the colours were chosen by the Arab nationalist 'Literary Club' in Istanbul in 1909, based on the words of the thirteenth century Arab poet Safi a-Din al-Hili. Another version credits the Young Arab Society, formed in Paris in 1911. Yet another version is that the flag was designed by Sir Mark Sykes of the British Foreign Office. Whatever the correct story, the flag was used by Sharif Hussein by 1917 at the latest and quickly became regarded as the flag of the Arab national movement.[1]
The flag is constituted of three equal horizontal stripes (black, white and green from top to bottom) overlaid by a red isosceles right triangle issuing from the hoist. (See Pan-Arab colors.) The flag is almost identical to that of the Baath Party and very similar to the flags of Western Sahara, Sudan and Jordan; all of these draw their ultimate inspiration from the flag of the Arab Revolt against Ottoman rule (1916-1918), which had the same graphic form, but the colours were arranged differently than in the modern flags (white on the bottom rather than in the middle).
.svg)
For the flag used during the period of the British Mandate of Palestine, see article on the Flag of the British Mandate of Palestine.
Other flags derived from the flag of the Arab revolt include the flags of Jordan, Iraq and the Syria.
On October 18, 1948, the all-Palestine Government adopted the flag of the Arab Revolt in Gaza and the Arab League subsequently recognized it as the flag of the All Palestine Government. A modified version was officially adopted as the flag of the Palestinian people by the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in 1964. On November 15, 1988 the PLO adopted the flag as the flag of the State of Palestine. Today the flag is flown widely by Palestinian Arabs and their supporters.[2][3][4]
Description and meaning
The Meaning of the Flag [5]
RED: The Islamic rulers of Andalusia (756-1355)
The Khawarij were the first Islamic group to emerge after the assassination of Caliph Uthman III, forming the first republican party in the early days of Islam. Their symbol was the red flag. Arab tribes who participated in the conquest of North Africa and Andalusia carried the red flag, which became the symbol of the Islamic rulers of Andalusia (756-1355). In modern times, red symbolizes the Ashraaf of the Hijaz and the Hashemites, descendants of the Prophet. Sharif Hussein designed the current flag as the flag of the Arab Revolt on June 1916. The Palestinian people raised it as the flag of the Arab National movement in 1917. In 1947, the Arab Ba'ath Party interpreted the flag as a symbol of the liberation and unity of the Arab nation. The Palestinian people readopted the flag at the Palestinian conference in Gaza in 1948. The flag was recognized by the Arab League as the flag of the Palestinian people. It was further endorsed by the PLO, the representative of the Palestinians, at the Palestinian conference in Jerusalem in 1964.
BLACK: The Prophet Mohammad (570-632)
In the seventh century, with the rise of Islam and subsequent liberation of Mecca, two flags - one white, one black - were carried. On the white flag was written, "There is no god but God (Allah) and Mohammad is the Prophet of God."
In pre-Islamic times, the black flag was a sign of revenge. It was the color of the headdress worn when leading troops into battle.
Both black and white flags were placed in the mosque during Friday prayers.
The Abbasid Dynasty (750-1258), ruling from Baghdad, took black as a symbol of mourning for the assassination of relatives of the Prophet and in remembrance of the Battle of Karbala.
WHITE: The Umayyad Dynasty (661-750), Damascus
The Umayyads ruled for ninety years, taking white as their symbolic color as a reminder of the Prophet's first battle at Badr, and to distinguish themselves from the Abbasids, by using white, rather than black, as their color of mourning.
Mu'awia Ibn Abi Sufian (661-750), founder of the Umayyad state, proclaimed himself Caliph of Jerusalem.
GREEN: The Fatimid Dynasty (909-1171), North Africa
The Fatimid Dynasty was founded in Morocco by Abdullah Al-Mahdi, and went on rule all of North Africa.
They took green as their color, to symbolize their allegiance to Ali, the Prophet's cousin, who was once wrapped in a green coverlet in place of the Prophet in order to thwart an assassination attempt.
Another opinion claims the origin of the Arab Revolt flag to a group of Arab Activists at the Arab Intellectual Council in Istanbul, around 1909-1911, who created a banner for their council with the four colors and the following poem written within it:
Ask the high rising spears, of our aspirations
Bring witness the swords, did we lose hope
We are a band, honor halts our souls
Of beginning with harm, those who won’t harm us
White are our deeds, black are our battles,
Green are our fields, red are our swords.
(Safi al-Din al-Hili, poet)
Ban
In 1967, the state of Israel banned the Palestinian flag. A 1980 law forbidding artwork of "political significance" banned artwork composed of its four colours, and Palestinians were arrested for displaying such artwork. [6][7][8]
In Israeli public opinion there had been a prolonged debate on whether or not the ban applied to peace movement using the flags of Israel and Palestine combined, such as Gush Shalom. On some occasions activists wearing badges with such symbols were detained by police and prosecuted. [citation needed]
Since the signing of the Oslo Peace Accords in 1993, the ban has been relaxed, but is still occasionally enforced.[9][10]
Notes
- ^ Tamir Sorek, The orange and the ‘Cross in the Crescent’: imagining Palestine in 1929, Nations and Nationalism, Vol 10 (2004) 269-291.
- ^ United Nations Security Council: The situation in the Middle East, including the Palestinian question (S/PV.5077)
Mr. Terje Roed-Larsen, Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process and Personal Representative of the Secretary-General: "[Arafat] with the trademark kaffiyeh epitomized Palestinian identity and national aspirations, even more than the Palestinian flag or the national anthem." - ^ Flags of the World: Palestine
Quote: "The Palestinian flag represents all Palestinian Arab aspirations regardless of party." - ^ AmericanDiplomacy.org: Palestinian Psychological Operations: The First Intifada by Jamie Efaw
Quote: "An example of a common, obvious symbolism came in the form of the Palestinian flag. [...] the flag and the colors transmitted the message to all target audiences the underlying theme of the entire Intifada—Palestinian nationalism. The flag, the symbol of Palestinian nationalism, was ubiquitous in the occupied territories." - ^ PASSIA: The Meaning of the Flag, Dr. Mahdi Abdul Hadi
Quote: "The Palestinian [sic] people raised it as the flag of the Arab National movement in 1917. In 1947, the Arab Ba'ath Party interpreted the flag as a symbol of the liberation and unity of the Arab nation. The Palestinian people readopted the flag at the Palestinian conference in Gaza in 1948. The flag was recognized by the Arab League as the flag of the Palestinian people. It was further endorsed by the PLO, the representative of the Palestinians, at the Palestinian conference in Jerusalem in 1964." - ^ Ramallah Journal; A Palestinian Version of the Judgment of Solomon - New York Times
- ^ A culture under fire | | guardian.co.uk Arts
- ^ The watermelon makes a colourful interlude - Opinion - www.theage.com.au
- ^ "Israel and the occupied territories". 2002 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices. US Department of State.
- ^ Muhammad Hallaj (1982). "Palestine — The Suppression of an Idea". The Link - Volume 15, Issue 1. Americans for Middle East Understanding.
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