Fareham

Fareham
Fareham Shopping Centre in December 2006
Population	56,160 (2001 Census)
OS grid reference	SU5806
District	Fareham
Shire county	Hampshire
Region	South East
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	FAREHAM
Postcode district	PO14 - PO17
Dialling code	01329
Police	Hampshire and Isle of Wight
Fire	Hampshire and Isle of Wight
Ambulance	South Central
UK Parliament	Fareham

This article is about the town. For the borough, see Fareham (borough).

The market town of Fareham lies in the south east of Hampshire, England, between the cities of Southampton and Portsmouth, roughly in the centre of the South Hampshire conurbation.

It gives its name to the borough comprising the town and the surrounding area. To the south of the town lies Gosport, itself a separate borough, to the east Portchester, to the north the M27 motorway and Wickham, part of the City of Winchester. Westwards lie Titchfield; Catisfield , Locks Heath, Warsash and Whiteley, which is also shared with the City of Winchester.

Fareham traditionally relied on its clay soil for industry, producing bricks, tiles and chimney pots. This past is commemorated through place names such as Kiln Road. The most famous example of a building constructed of "Fareham red bricks" is probably the Royal Albert Hall, London. The main economic activity in Fareham is now retail, employing 15% of the local population. Fareham has also become a popular choice for the location of business call centres; several of the UK's major banks have offices in Fareham and Adecco, the recruitment agency, claims Fareham as the second best call centre location in the UK .

Fareham is situated at the north-west tip of Portsmouth Harbour where the River Wallington joins. Small industries still operate, reflecting Fareham's maritime past. HM Royal Navy operate in Fareham with the Maritime Warfare School, HMS Collingwood, training well over 2,000 British and foreign sailors at any one time .

History

Fareham Creek

Archaeological excavations around the old High street area, and the church of St Peter & Paul, on high ground over the Wallington Estuary, have yielded evidence of settlement on the site contemporary with the Roman occupation. However, no extensive programme of investigation has been possible, due to the historic nature of the buildings in this area.

The town has a recognised and documented history dating back to the Norman era, when a part of William's army stopped for a few days before marching to the capital of England, Winchester. . Originally known by the name of Ferneham (hence the name of the town's entertainment venue, Ferneham Hall), Fareham's location was determined by the ford of Fareham Creek at the top of Portsmouth Harbour. The ford was also the location of the Bishop of Winchester's mills; the foundations of these mills were subsumed in the A27 near the railway viaduct. Commercial activity continued at the port until the 1970s, and continues to this day on a smaller scale. By the beginning of the 20th century, Fareham had developed into a major market town.

In the 1960s, Fareham experienced a huge amount of development, as it was one of the areas highlighted for major expansion in the South Hampshire Plan. The idea was to create many thousands of homes to serve as a base for the many people who were looking to move away from the traditional urban centres of Portsmouth and Southampton. It was during this era that the large housing areas of Hill Park, Miller Drive, and much of Portchester grew until eventually one could drive through a continuous urban conurbation from Portsmouth City Centre to Southampton. By this time Fareham had expanded to almost encompass the surrounding villages of Funtley, Titchfield, Catisfield and Portchester.

Fareham is now at a stage of maturity as a town. As a place to live, it is increasingly popular, with plentiful housing, and more open space than can be found in the neighbouring cities.

In the late 1990s, a settlement called Whiteley, straddling the boundaries of Fareham Borough and the City of Winchester, was developed to the north of Junction 9 of the M27 motorway. The new development is predominantly residential, however it features the extensive Solent Business Park and a modern shopping centre, Whiteley Village [1], on Winchester's side of Whiteley. The latter comprises a range of outlet shops, and aims to draw customers from a wide catchment area across South Hampshire.

An urban renewal initiative began in 1999, renovating the town centre and historic buildings to include a new entertainment and shopping complex. It featured a major iron sculpture park, claimed to be the largest in Europe, which was installed in 2001, to celebrate the work of influential Lancastrian iron pioneer, Henry Cort, who lived in neighbouring Gosport but who had an iron rolling mill in Funtley (or Fontley), on the outskirts of Fareham. There is also a school named after Henry Cort, the "The Henry Cort Community College".

Education

• Cams Hill School
• The Henry Cort Community College

Transport

Fareham is well served by the major road and rail networks. The M27 motorway passes around the northern edge of Fareham, and is the main traffic artery into and out of the area. It provides easy access to both Portsmouth and Southampton, and from there to London via the M3 and A3(M).

The A27 was the original route along the south coast before the building of the M27, and runs from Brighton to Southampton, passing through the centre of Fareham. The A32 runs north from Fareham to Wickham, and then through the Meon Valley to Alton. and the A31 This is traditionally the scenic, yet not particularly slower route to London.

Fareham railway station is on the West Coastway Line, with regular fast services to Portsmouth, Southampton, Bournemouth, Cardiff and London. Until 1953, passenger services also ran south to Gosport. The remaining trackbed for the Gosport line was proposed for the development of the Light Rapid Transit system but the project has been abandoned because of the costs involved.

Public transport in the town is provided by First Hampshire & Dorset, who run nearly all bus routes in the area. Services run as far as Winchester. The main bus station is adjacent to the Market Quay development, and replaced an older station that was demolished in the late 1980s.

Taxis are plentiful, and can generally be found outside the shopping centre, or at the railway station.

Places of interest

Fareham has in recent years developed several attractions to draw visitors to the town. The historic High Street features a fine collection of Georgian buildings and upmarket restaurants and shops. The town centre has been improved to bring it up to modern standards, and the recent opening of the Market Quay development has added a cinema and second nightclub to the frame. A theatre, Ferneham Hall, stages many popular shows and draws large audiences from Fareham and the surrounding area.

In the surrounding area, there are several attractions of national interest:

• The Royal Armouries Museum
• The Hovercraft Museum - Lee-on-the-Solent
• Portchester Castle
• Titchfield Abbey & The Tithe Barn
• Westbury Manor Museum
• Fort Fareham

Twin towns

• Pulheim in Germany
• Vannes in France

Notable residents

• William Randal Cremer, born in Fareham
• Robert Goddard, author
• Sir John Goss, composer (and organist at St Paul's Cathedral for 34 years)
• Tom Oliver, actor, most famous for playing "Lou Carpenter" in the Australian soap opera Neighbours, grew up in Fareham.
• Kevin Pressman, former Sheffield Wednesday goalkeeper, was born in Fareham

External links

• Fareham Borough Council
• Pulheim
• Vannes
• Fareham health and the 1848 Health Act
• Fareham public houses since 1736.