List of English terms of venery, by animal: Difference between revisions
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|rout or route ||when in movement ||<ref name="sdzoo"/><ref name="usgs"/> |
|rout or route ||when in movement ||<ref name="sdzoo"/><ref name="usgs"/> |
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|'''[[Woman|women]]''' ||binder || || <ref name="guardian">{{cite web | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/oct/17/binders-full-women-reconsider-voting-mitt-romney | title = 'Binders full of women' reconsider voting for Mitt Romney | publisher = The Guardian}}</ref> <ref name="time">{{cite web | url = http://newsfeed.time.com/2012/10/17/wednesday-words-malarkey-binders-of-women-and-more | title = Wednesday Words: Malarkey, Binders of Women and More | publisher = Time}}</ref> |
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|'''[[woodcock]]s''' ||fall || ||<ref name="usgs"/><ref name="albans"/><ref name="oxfordfaq"/> |
|'''[[woodcock]]s''' ||fall || ||<ref name="usgs"/><ref name="albans"/><ref name="oxfordfaq"/> |
Revision as of 20:58, 17 October 2012
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Wildgansflug.jpg/220px-Wildgansflug.jpg)
This is a list of Standard English collective nouns. The large number of collective nouns in English is based on a tradition of venery which arose in the Late Middle Ages.
Standard terms for particular groups are listed first in each group and shown in bold.
Subject | Collective Noun | Notes | Sources |
---|---|---|---|
A | |||
alligators | congregation | [1] | |
antelope | herd | [2][3] | |
ants | army | [1][4] | |
bike | [4] | ||
colony | [1][2][4] | ||
nest | [1] | ||
swarm | [1][4] | ||
apes | shrewdness | [3][4][5][6] | |
troop | [1][4] | ||
asses | herd | [1][4] | |
coffle | a roped line | [4] | |
drove | driven in a group | [1][4] | |
pace or passe | [1][2][4] | ||
auks | colony | on land | [4] |
flock | at sea | [4] | |
raft | on water | [4] | |
avocets | colony | [4] | |
B | |||
baboons | troop | [1][6][7] | |
badgers | cete | [1][2][6][7][8] | |
colony | [7] | ||
barbels | shoal | [7] | |
bats | cloud | [7] | |
colony | [2][7] | ||
bears | sleuth or sloth | [1][2][6][7] | |
beavers | colony | [1][7] | |
family | [1] | ||
bees | swarm | [7] | |
colony | [7] | ||
erst | [7] | ||
grist | [2][7] | ||
birds | flock | [7] | |
dissimulation | fanciful | [5][7] | |
fleet | [7] | ||
flight | [7] | ||
parcel | [7] | ||
pod | [7] | ||
volary | in an aviary | [7] | |
bishops | bench | [8] | |
bison | herd | [7] | |
bitterns | sedge or sege | [2][5][9] | |
siege | [7] | ||
boars (male pigs) | herd | See also hogs, pigs, swine | [7] |
singular | [7] | ||
boars (wild boars) | sounder | 12 or more | [7][8] |
boys | blush | [5][6] | |
buffalo | herd | [2][7] | |
gang | [2][7] | ||
bullfinches | bellowing | [7] | |
bullocks | drove | driven in a group | [7] |
bursars | cheat | [10] | |
bustards | flock | [7] | |
butlers | draught | [5] | |
butterflies | flight | [7] | |
rabble | [7] | ||
buzzards | wake | [1][2] | |
C | |||
capercaillie | tok | [11][12] | |
capons | mews | [11] | |
caribou | herd | [11] | |
cats | clowder | [1][2][11] | |
cluster or clutter | [1][11] | ||
glaring | [1][11] | ||
pounce | [1][2] | ||
cats (wild cats) | destruction | [6] | |
caterpillars | army | [1] | |
cattle | herd | [1][2] | |
drove | [1][2] | ||
chickens | brood | [1][6] | |
clutch | [6] | ||
peep | [1][6] | ||
choughs | chattering or clattering | [5][6][8][13][14] | |
civil servants | file | [10] | |
cobblers | drunkenship or drunkship | [15][6][8] | |
colts | rag | [2][6][8] | |
rake | [6] | ||
cormorants | gulp | [1][2] | |
cooks | hastiness | [5][6] | |
coots | covert | [5][6] | |
coyotes | pack | [11] | |
cranes | herd | [5][6] | |
sedge or sege | [2][9][11] | ||
crocodiles | bask | [1][2][11] | |
float | [1] | ||
crows | murder | [1][2][6][8] | |
curlews | herd | [5][6][8] | |
D | |||
deer | herd | [16] | |
bunch | [16] | ||
mob | [16] | ||
parcel | [17] | ||
rangale | [16] | ||
dogs | pack | [16] | |
dogfish | troop | [16] | |
dolphins | pod | [18][19] | |
school | [16] | ||
team | [16] | ||
dotterel | trip | [2][6][16][20] | |
doves | dole or dule | fanciful | [2][5][6][16] |
flight | [1][6][16] | ||
piteousness | fanciful | [6][16] | |
ducks | flock | [1] | |
badling | [2] | ||
brace | [2] | ||
bunch | on water | [6][16] | |
paddling | on water | [1][2][6][16] | |
plump | [21][22] | ||
raft | on water | [1][2][6][16] | |
skein | in flight | [16] | |
sord or sore | [16] | ||
string | in flight | [16] | |
team | in flight | [2][16] | |
waddling | [16] | ||
dunlins | fling | [6] | |
E | |||
eagles | convocation | [1][2] | |
eels | bed | [1] | |
swarm | [1] | ||
elephants | herd | [1][2] | |
elk | gang | [6][8] | |
F | |||
ferrets | business | corruption over time of 'busyness' | [1][2][8] |
busyness | [5] | ||
fesnyng | [3] | ||
finches | charm or chirm | [1][2][6] | |
fish | school | [1][2] | |
shoal | [1][2] | ||
flamingoes | stand | [1][2] | |
flies | business | [1][2] | |
cloud | [1] | ||
swarm | [1] | ||
foresters | stalk | [15][6] | |
foxes | leash | [1][2] | |
skulk | [1][2] | ||
frogs | army | [1][2] | |
G | |||
geese | flock | on land | [2][23] |
gaggle | on land | [1][2][23] | |
plump | flying close | [23] | |
skein | in flight | [1][2][23] | |
team | in flight | [23] | |
wedge | in flight | [23] | |
giraffes | herd | [23] | |
corps | [23] | ||
tower | [23][2] | ||
gnats | cloud | [23][1][2][6] | |
horde | [23][1][2] | ||
rabble | [23] | ||
swarm | [23][1] | ||
goats | flock | [23] | |
herd | [23] | ||
tribe | [23] | ||
trip or trippe | [23] | ||
gods | pantheon | See Pantheon | |
goldfinches | charm | [23] | |
goosanders | dopping | [23] | |
gorillas | band | [23] | |
whoop | [23] | ||
goshawks | flight | [5][23] | |
grasshoppers | cloud | [2][23] | |
swarm | [23] | ||
grouse | covey | [6][23] | |
pack | [6][23] | ||
guineafowl | rasp | [24] | |
H | |||
hares | down | [25] | |
drove | [25] | ||
flick | [25] | ||
husk | [25] | ||
hawks | boil | two or more spiralling in flight | [1][2] |
cast | [1][2][5][6] | ||
kettle | flying in large numbers | [1][2] | |
lease | [5] | ||
harts | herd | [25] | |
hedgehogs | array | [25] | |
herons | sedge or sege | [1][2][5][8][9][25] | |
siege | [1][2][6][25] | ||
hermits | observance | [15][6] | |
hippopotamuses | bloat | [1][2][25] | |
hogs | parcel | See also boars, pigs, swine | [26][27] |
horses | team | in harness | [1][2][25] |
band | [1] | ||
haras or harrase | [2][25] | ||
herd | [1][25] | ||
stable | [1][25] | ||
string | [1][2][25] | ||
stud | [2][25] | ||
hounds | pack | [25] | |
cry | [25] | ||
hunt | [25] | ||
meet | [25] | ||
mute | [25] | ||
stable | [25] | ||
hyenas | cackle | [1][2] | |
I | |||
ibex | herd | [28] | |
ibises | colony | [28] | |
iguanas | mess | [28] | |
insects | flight | [28] | |
horde | [28] | ||
plague | [28] | ||
rabble | [28] | ||
swarm | [28] | ||
J | |||
jackdaws | train | [29] | |
jays | band | [1] | |
party | [1][2] | ||
scold | [1][2] | ||
jellyfish | fluther | [6] | |
smack | [1][2][6] | ||
K | |||
kangaroos | mob | [1] | |
troop | [1][2] | ||
L | |||
lapwings | deceit or desert | [5][2][6][8][30] | |
larks | bevy | [6] | |
exaltation | [5][6][8] | ||
leopards | leap or lepe | [1][2][6] | |
lions | pride | [1][2][6] | |
sawt | [6] | ||
M | |||
mackerel | shoal | [31] | |
magpies | charm | [2] | |
congregation | [31] | ||
gulp | [2] | ||
murder | [2] | ||
tiding | [5][2][6][31] | ||
tittering | [31] | ||
mallard | brace | [2] | |
flush | [31] | ||
puddling | [31] | ||
sord | [2][6][31] | ||
suit or sute | [6][31] | ||
mares | stud | [6][8][31] | |
martens | richesse or richness | [2][6][31] | |
mice | nest | [1][31] | |
trip | [31] | ||
minnows | shoal | [31] | |
moles | company | [31] | |
labor or labour | [1][2][6][31] | ||
monkeys | barrel | [1][2] | |
cartload | [31] | ||
tribe | [31] | ||
troop | [2][6][31] | ||
wilderness | [32] | ||
moorhens | plump | [31] | |
moose | herd | [1][31] | |
mosquitoes | scourge | [31] | |
mudhens | fleet | [31] | |
mules | barren | [1][2][6][8][31] | |
pack | [2][31] | ||
rake | [31] | ||
span | [1][2][31] | ||
N | |||
nightingales | watch | [5][6] | |
nuns | superfluity | [5][6] | |
O | |||
owls | parliament | [1][2][8] | |
oxen | drove | [1] | |
team | [1][2] | ||
yoke | [1][2] | ||
P | |||
parrots | company | [1][2] | |
pandemonium | [1] | ||
partridges | covey | [2][6] | |
peacocks | muster | [2][6][8] | |
ostentation | [1][2] | ||
pride | [1] | ||
pelicans | pod | [1] | |
pheasants | bouquet | [1][2] | |
head | [6] | ||
nest | [2] | ||
nide | [2] | ||
nye | [1][2][6][8] | ||
pigs | drift | See also boars, hogs, swine | [1][2] |
drove | [1][2] | ||
pipers | poverty | [15][33] | |
pigeons | kit | flying together | [6] |
plovers | congregation | [5][6] | |
stand | [6] | ||
wing | [6] | ||
Q | |||
quail | bevy | [1][2][5][6] | |
covey | [1][2] | ||
drift | [6] | ||
R | |||
raccoons | gaze | [1] | |
ravens | unkindness | [5][6] | |
rhinoceroses | crash | [1][2][6] | |
rooks | building | [5][6] | |
parliament | [6][8] | ||
S | |||
salmon | bind | [34] | |
draught | [34] | ||
run | [34] | ||
sandpipers | fling | [34] | |
seals | herd | [34] | |
pod | [34] | ||
rookery | [34] | ||
sheep | flock | [1][2][34] | |
down | [34] | ||
drift | when driven in a group | [34] | |
drove | when driven in a group | [2][34] | |
herd | [2][34] | ||
hurtle | [1][34] | ||
meinie | [34] | ||
mob | [1] | ||
parcel | [34] | ||
trip | [34] | ||
sheldrake | dopping | [34][35] | |
snails | escargatoire | [34] | |
rout | [34] | ||
walk | [34] | ||
snakes | bed | [1] | |
den | [1] | ||
knot | [1] | ||
nest | [2] | ||
pit | [1] | ||
snipe | walk | [6][8][34] | |
whisp or wisp | [6][34] | ||
sparrows | host | [1][2][5][6][34] | |
meinie | [34] | ||
tribe | [34] | ||
spiders | cluster or clutter | [1][34] | |
squirrels | colony | [34] | |
dray | [1][2] | ||
scurry | [1][2] | ||
starlings | chattering | [1][13][34] | |
clattering | [34] | ||
cloud | [34] | ||
congregation | [34] | ||
murmuration | [1][5][6][8][34] | ||
stoats | pack | [34] | |
trip | [34] | ||
storks | flight | [34] | |
mustering | [1][2][34] | ||
phalanx | when migrating | [34] | |
swallows | flight | [1][2][34] | |
gulp | [34] | ||
swans | bank | on the ground | [1][34] |
bevy | [1][2][34] | ||
drift | [34] | ||
eyrar | [34] | ||
flight | [1] | ||
game | [6][34] | ||
herd | [1][34] | ||
lamentation | fanciful | [34] | |
sownder | [34] | ||
team | [34] | ||
wedge | in flight | [1][2][6][34] | |
whiting | [34] | ||
swifts | flock | [34] | |
scream | [36] | ||
swine | doylt | See also boars, hogs, pigs | [34] |
drift | [8][34] | ||
trip | [34] | ||
T | |||
teal | spring | [2][5][6] | |
tigers | ambush | [1] | |
streak | [1][2] | ||
toads | knot | [1][2] | |
nest | [1] | ||
trout | hover | [1][2] | |
turkeys | gang | [2] | |
rafter | [1][2] | ||
turtles | bale | [1][2] | |
dole | [1] | ||
nest | [2] | ||
turtle doves | dole or dule | [5] | |
pitying | [2] | ||
U | |||
V | |||
vipers | nest | [2] | |
W | |||
walruses | herd | [2] | |
pod | [2] | ||
waterfowl | bunch | [6] | |
knob | [6] | ||
raft | [6] | ||
weasels | colony | [1] | |
pack | [1] | ||
whales | gam | [1][2] | |
herd | [2] | ||
mob | [1] | ||
pod | [1][2] | ||
wigeons | company | [2][6] | |
trip | [6] | ||
wildfowl | bunch | [6] | |
knob | fewer than 30 | [6] | |
plump | [6] | ||
trip | [6] | ||
wolves | pack | [1][2] | |
rout or route | when in movement | [1][2] | |
women | binder | [37] [38] | |
woodcocks | fall | [2][5][6] | |
woodpeckers | descent | [1][2][6] | |
wrens | herd | [5][6] | |
X | |||
Y | |||
Z | |||
zebras | herd | [1][39] | |
cohort | [39] | ||
zeal | [1][39] |
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec "Animal group names". Zoological Society of San Diego. Retrieved 2012-06-15.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds "Animal Congregations, or What Do You Call a Group of.....?". U.S. Geological Survey Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center. Retrieved 2012-06-15.
- ^ a b c Pepper, Elizabeth (2003). Witches all (Revised, Illustrated ed.). Tiverton, Rhode Island: Witches' Almanac Limited. p. 41. ISBN 9781881098263.
{{cite book}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=
(help); More than one of|pages=
and|page=
specified (help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "AskOxford: A". archived copy of Collective Terms for Groups of Animals. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2012-06-15.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae Berners, Dame Juliana (1881 reproduction) [First published 1486]. The Boke of Saint Albans. Introduction by William Blades. London: Elliot Stock. Retrieved 2011-05-27.
{{cite book}}
: Check date values in:|year=
(help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch "What do you call a group of ...?". Oxford Dictionaries. Retrieved 2012-06-15.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae "AskOxford: B". archived copy of Collective Terms for Groups of Animals. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2012-06-15.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Schott, Ben (2002). Schott's Original Miscellany. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 11. ISBN 0-7475-6320-9. Retrieved 2011-10-17.
- ^ a b c Definition of Sege by the Free Online Dictionary
- ^ a b Partridge, Eric (1973) [First published 1942]. Usage and Abusage: A Guide to Good English. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 0140510249.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "AskOxford: C". Collective Terms for Groups of Animals. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2009-02-16.
- ^ British Trust for Ornithology - BirdFacts - Capercaillie
- ^ a b Definition of Chattering by the Free Online Dictionary
- ^ Definition of Clattering by the Free Online Dictionary
- ^ a b c d The Sports and Pastimes of the People of England p. 19 (Methuen & Co., 1801).
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t "AskOxford: D". archived copy of Collective Terms for Groups of Animals. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2011-05-27.
- ^ Full text of "Days of deer-stalking in the Scottish Highlands; including an account of the nature and habits of the red deer, a description of the Scottish forests, and histor...
- ^ "Battle to save NY pod of dolphins". BBC News. 17 January 2007. Retrieved 8 May 2010.
- ^ A Pod of Dolphins - NASA Mars Collection
- ^ British Trust for Ornithology - BirdFacts - Dotterel
- ^ http://dictionary.infoplease.com/plump
- ^ Plump[4] - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z "AskOxford: G". archived copy of Collective Terms for Groups of Animals. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2012-06-15.
- ^ Lieut.-Colonel B. G. Lynn-Allen (1951). Shot-gun and Sunlight - The Game Birds of East Africa. London: Batchworth Press.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u "AskOxford: H". archived copy of Collective Terms for Groups of Animals. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2011-09-19.
- ^ Avery Craven (1957). The coming of the Civil War. University of Chicago Press. p. 30. ISBN 0-226-11894-0.
- ^ Lars Schoultz (1998). Beneath the United States. Harvard University Press. p. 1. ISBN 0-674-92276-X.
They are lazy, dirty, nasty, and in short I can compare them to nothing but a parcel of hogs. (John Quincy Adams, age 12)
- ^ a b c d e f g h "AskOxford: I". archived copy of Collective Terms for Groups of Animals. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2011-05-27.
- ^ White, Gilbert (1833). The Natural History of Selborne. London, United Kingdom: N. Hailes. p. 163.
- ^ British Trust for Ornithology - BirdFacts - Lapwing
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z "AskOxford: M". archived copy of Collective Terms for Groups of Animals. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2011-09-23.
- ^ Shakespeare, William (1598). The Merchant of Venice. p. Act 3, Scene 1. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
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ignored (help); Unknown parameter|scene=
ignored (help) - ^ Ben Jonson, William Gifford (2004). The Works of Ben Jonson with Notes, Critical and Explanatory and a Biographical Memoir Part Three. Kessinger Publishing. p. 152. ISBN 1-4179-4469-2.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb "AskOxford: S". archived copy of Collective Terms for Groups of Animals. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2012-06-15.
- ^ Definition of Dopping by the Free Online Dictionary
- ^ British Trust for Ornithology - BirdFacts - Swift
- ^ "'Binders full of women' reconsider voting for Mitt Romney". The Guardian.
- ^ "Wednesday Words: Malarkey, Binders of Women and More". Time.
- ^ a b c "AskOxford: Z". Retrieved 2010-06-22.