718: Difference between revisions
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=== By place === |
=== By place === |
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==== Byzantine Empire ==== |
==== Byzantine Empire ==== |
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* Spring – A [[Muslim]] supply fleet of 760 ships under Sufyan arrives from [[Egypt]] and [[Ifriqiya|North Africa]], consealing itself along the [[Asia Minor|Asiatic]] shore. The Byzantines learn of the fleet's location from defecting [[Copts|Christian Egyptians]] sailors. Emperor [[Leo III]] sends the [[Byzantine navy]] again, his [[Greek fire]] ships destroy the enemy vessels in the [[Sea of Marmara]] and seize their supplies on shore, denying the sieging army vital provisions.<ref>John Cairns, "Road to Manzikert" (2012). Byzantine Warfare in an Age of Crisis and Recovery (Chapter 3), p. 70. ISBN 978-1-84884-215-1</ref> On land the Byzantine troops [[ambush]] an advancing Arab army en destroy it in the hills around [[Sapanca|Sophon]], south of [[Nicomedia]] (modern [[Turkey]]).<ref>{{harvnb|Guilland|1959|p=122}}; {{harvnb|Mango|Scott|1997|p=546}}; {{harvnb|Lilie|1976|pp=130–131}}; {{harvnb|Treadgold|1997|p=348}}</ref> The Arab besiegers are still suffering from [[hunger]] and pestilence. |
* Spring – A [[Muslim]] supply fleet of 760 ships under Sufyan arrives from [[Egypt]] and [[Ifriqiya|North Africa]], consealing itself along the [[Asia Minor|Asiatic]] shore. The [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantines]] learn of the fleet's location from defecting [[Copts|Christian Egyptians]] sailors. Emperor [[Leo III]] sends the [[Byzantine navy]] again, his [[Greek fire]] ships destroy the enemy vessels in the [[Sea of Marmara]] and seize their supplies on shore, denying the sieging army vital provisions.<ref>John Cairns, "Road to Manzikert" (2012). Byzantine Warfare in an Age of Crisis and Recovery (Chapter 3), p. 70. ISBN 978-1-84884-215-1</ref> On land the Byzantine troops [[ambush]] an advancing Arab army en destroy it in the hills around [[Sapanca|Sophon]], south of [[Nicomedia]] (modern [[Turkey]]).<ref>{{harvnb|Guilland|1959|p=122}}; {{harvnb|Mango|Scott|1997|p=546}}; {{harvnb|Lilie|1976|pp=130–131}}; {{harvnb|Treadgold|1997|p=348}}</ref> The Arab besiegers are still suffering from [[hunger]] and pestilence. |
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* [[August 15]] – [[Siege of Constantinople (717–18)|Siege of Constantinople]]: A [[Bulgarian Empire|Bulgar]] relief force attacks the [[Investment (military)|siege line]]s at [[Constantinople]], on the west side of the [[Bosphorus|Bosporus]]. Contemporary [[chronicle]]rs report that at least 22,000–32,000 Arabs are killed during the Bulgarian attacks. Caliph [[Umar II]] is forced to lift the [[siege]] after 13 months, the Muslim army attempts to withdrew back through [[Anatolia]] while the rest escapes by sea in the remaining vessels. The Arab fleet suffers further casualties to [[storm]]s and an [[Types of volcanic eruptions|eruption]] of the [[volcano]] of [[Santorini|Thera]].<ref>Treadgold (1997), pp. 347–349</ref> According to Arab sources 150,000 Muslims perish during the campaign.<ref>Haldon 1990, p. 83</ref> |
* [[August 15]] – [[Siege of Constantinople (717–18)|Siege of Constantinople]]: A [[Bulgarian Empire|Bulgar]] relief force attacks the [[Investment (military)|siege line]]s at [[Constantinople]], on the west side of the [[Bosphorus|Bosporus]]. Contemporary [[chronicle]]rs report that at least 22,000–32,000 Arabs are killed during the Bulgarian attacks. Caliph [[Umar II]] is forced to lift the [[siege]] after 13 months, the Muslim army attempts to withdrew back through [[Anatolia]] while the rest escapes by sea in the remaining vessels. The Arab fleet suffers further casualties to [[storm]]s and an [[Types of volcanic eruptions|eruption]] of the [[volcano]] of [[Santorini|Thera]].<ref>Treadgold (1997), pp. 347–349</ref> According to Arab sources 150,000 Muslims perish during the campaign.<ref>Haldon 1990, p. 83</ref> |
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==== Europe ==== |
==== Europe ==== |
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* [[Battle of Soissons (718)|Battle of Soissons]]: King [[Chilperic II]] of [[Neustria]] and his mayor of the palace [[Ragenfrid]] ally with [[Odo the Great|Eudes]], independent [[duke of Aquitaine]], and march on [[Soissons]] in [[Picardy]] (northern [[France]]). Unfortunately, an army of [[Francia|Frankish]] veterans under [[Charles Martel]] defeat the Neustrian allies, who sue for peace. Chilperic flees to the land south of the [[Loire|Loire River]] and Ragenfrid]] escapes to [[Angers]]. Charles diplomatically chooses not to execute the enemy leaders and becomes undisputed ''[[Duke of the Franks|dux Francorum]]'', ending the Frankish [[civil war]]. |
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* Summer – [[Battle of Covadonga]]: [[Pelagius of Asturias]] is proclaimed king (''[[caudillo]]'') and defeats the [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] forces under [[Munuza]], provincial governor of [[Asturias]], at [[Picos de Europa]] (near [[Covadonga]]). This marks the beginning of the ''[[Reconquista]]'', the [[Christian]] reconquest of the [[Iberian Peninsula]]. He founds the [[Kingdom of Asturias]] and establishes a military base at [[Cangas de Onís]] (northwest of [[Spain]]).<ref>David Nicolle (2008). Poitiers AD 732, Charles Martel turns the Islamic tide (p. 17). ISBN 978-184603-230-1</ref> |
* Summer – [[Battle of Covadonga]]: [[Pelagius of Asturias|Pelagius (Don Pelayo)]] is proclaimed king (''[[caudillo]]'') and defeats the [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] forces under [[Munuza]], provincial governor of [[Asturias]], at [[Picos de Europa]] (near [[Covadonga]]). This marks the beginning of the ''[[Reconquista]]'', the [[Christian]] reconquest of the [[Iberian Peninsula]]. He founds the [[Kingdom of Asturias]] and establishes a military base at [[Cangas de Onís]] (northwest of [[Spain]]).<ref>David Nicolle (2008). Poitiers AD 732, Charles Martel turns the Islamic tide (p. 17). ISBN 978-184603-230-1</ref> |
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* The [[Wessex]]-born [[missionary]] [[Saint Boniface]] sets out for [[Frisia]] a second time. |
* The [[Wessex]]-born [[missionary]] [[Saint Boniface]] sets out for [[Frisia]] a second time. |
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* The Frankish Civil War ends (began in [[715]]) |
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</onlyinclude> |
</onlyinclude> |
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== Births == |
== Births == |
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Revision as of 07:50, 28 April 2014
| Millennium: | 1st millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 718 by topic |
|---|
| Leaders |
| Categories |
| Gregorian calendar | 718 DCCXVIII |
| Ab urbe condita | 1471 |
| Armenian calendar | 167 ԹՎ ՃԿԷ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5468 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 639–640 |
| Bengali calendar | 125 |
| Berber calendar | 1668 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1262 |
| Burmese calendar | 80 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6226–6227 |
| Chinese calendar | 丁巳年 (Fire Snake) 3415 or 3208 — to — 戊午年 (Earth Horse) 3416 or 3209 |
| Coptic calendar | 434–435 |
| Discordian calendar | 1884 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 710–711 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4478–4479 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 774–775 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 639–640 |
| - Kali Yuga | 3818–3819 |
| Holocene calendar | 10718 |
| Iranian calendar | 96–97 |
| Islamic calendar | 99–100 |
| Japanese calendar | Yōrō 2 (養老２年) |
| Javanese calendar | 611–612 |
| Julian calendar | 718 DCCXVIII |
| Korean calendar | 3051 |
| Minguo calendar | 1194 before ROC 民前1194年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −750 |
| Seleucid era | 1029/1030 AG |
| Thai solar calendar | 1260–1261 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴火蛇年 (female Fire-Snake) 844 or 463 or −309 — to — 阳土马年 (male Earth-Horse) 845 or 464 or −308 |
Year 718 (DCCXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 718 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
- Spring – A Muslim supply fleet of 760 ships under Sufyan arrives from Egypt and North Africa, consealing itself along the Asiatic shore. The Byzantines learn of the fleet's location from defecting Christian Egyptians sailors. Emperor Leo III sends the Byzantine navy again, his Greek fire ships destroy the enemy vessels in the Sea of Marmara and seize their supplies on shore, denying the sieging army vital provisions.[1] On land the Byzantine troops ambush an advancing Arab army en destroy it in the hills around Sophon, south of Nicomedia (modern Turkey).[2] The Arab besiegers are still suffering from hunger and pestilence.
- August 15 – Siege of Constantinople: A Bulgar relief force attacks the siege lines at Constantinople, on the west side of the Bosporus. Contemporary chroniclers report that at least 22,000–32,000 Arabs are killed during the Bulgarian attacks. Caliph Umar II is forced to lift the siege after 13 months, the Muslim army attempts to withdrew back through Anatolia while the rest escapes by sea in the remaining vessels. The Arab fleet suffers further casualties to storms and an eruption of the volcano of Thera.[3] According to Arab sources 150,000 Muslims perish during the campaign.[4]
Europe
- Battle of Soissons: King Chilperic II of Neustria and his mayor of the palace Ragenfrid ally with Eudes, independent duke of Aquitaine, and march on Soissons in Picardy (northern France). Unfortunately, an army of Frankish veterans under Charles Martel defeat the Neustrian allies, who sue for peace. Chilperic flees to the land south of the Loire River and Ragenfrid]] escapes to Angers. Charles diplomatically chooses not to execute the enemy leaders and becomes undisputed dux Francorum, ending the Frankish civil war.
- Summer – Battle of Covadonga: Pelagius (Don Pelayo) is proclaimed king (caudillo) and defeats the Umayyad forces under Munuza, provincial governor of Asturias, at Picos de Europa (near Covadonga). This marks the beginning of the Reconquista, the Christian reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula. He founds the Kingdom of Asturias and establishes a military base at Cangas de Onís (northwest of Spain).[5]
- The Wessex-born missionary Saint Boniface sets out for Frisia a second time.
Births
- Empress Kōken (also Empress Shōtoku) of Japan (d. 770)
Deaths
- 715, 718 or 721 – Khan Tervel of Bulgaria (b. c.675)
References
- ^ John Cairns, "Road to Manzikert" (2012). Byzantine Warfare in an Age of Crisis and Recovery (Chapter 3), p. 70. ISBN 978-1-84884-215-1
- ^ Guilland 1959, p. 122; Mango & Scott 1997, p. 546; Lilie 1976, pp. 130–131; Treadgold 1997, p. 348
- ^ Treadgold (1997), pp. 347–349
- ^ Haldon 1990, p. 83
- ^ David Nicolle (2008). Poitiers AD 732, Charles Martel turns the Islamic tide (p. 17). ISBN 978-184603-230-1