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|<!--Legal status--> [[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]] Legal since 1994<ref name="ILGA 2013"/> <br> (as part of Yugoslavia)
|<!--Legal status--> [[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]] Legal since 1994<ref name="ILGA 2013"/> <br> (as part of Yugoslavia)
|<!--Civil union--> [[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]]
|<!--Civil union--> [[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]]
|<!--Same-sex marriage--> [[File:Emblem-question.svg|15px]] Anyone can enter into marriage based on free will.<ref>{{cite web|title=Constitution of Kosovo; discrimination|url=http://www.kushtetutakosoves.info/?cid=2,250}}</ref>
|<!--Same-sex marriage--> [[Image:Yes check.svg|15px]] Anyone can enter into marriage based on free will.<ref>{{cite web|title=Constitution of Kosovo; discrimination|url=http://www.kushtetutakosoves.info/?cid=2,250}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Article 37: Based on free will, everyone enjoys the right to marry and the right to have a family as provided by law.|url=http://www.kryeministri-ks.net/repository/docs/Constitution1Kosovo.pdf|website=Constitution of Kosovo/Kushtetuta e Kosoves}}</ref><br>[[Image:X mark.svg|15px]] Legal ''de jure'', not practiced ''de facto''.
|<!--Adoption--> [[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]]
|<!--Adoption--> [[Image:X mark.svg|15px|No]]
|<!--Military--> [[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]]
|<!--Military--> [[Image:Yes check.svg|15px|Yes]]

Revision as of 09:47, 16 June 2014


Tables:

European Union

European Union member states are indicated with the EU flag in regional European sub-divisions.

EU Flag See: LGBT rights in the European Union
European Union law forbids discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation. All EU states are required to legalise same-sex sexual activity and implement anti-discrimination laws.[1][2]

Central Europe

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Civil union Same-sex marriage Same-sex adoption Allows gays to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation) Laws concerning gender identity/expression
European UnionAustria Austria Yes Legal since 1971[3] Yes Registered partnership since 2010 No (pending) No/Yes Biological step-child adoption only Yes Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination
European UnionCroatia Croatia Yes Legal since 1977[3] No Unregistered cohabitations since 2003 (Life Partnership pending) No Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples No/Yes Gay individuals may adopt (Institution similar to step-child adoption proposed) Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[4][5][5] Yes Act on the elimination of discrimination, The Law on volunteering, Electronic media Law (all including both gender identity and gender expression)
European UnionCzech Republic Czech Republic Yes Legal since 1962[3] Yes Registered partnership since 2006. No No/Yes Gay individuals may adopt (both when in registered partnership or single) Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[5] Yes legal recognition granted and amendment of birth certificate after reassignment surgery/
European UnionGermany Germany Yes Legal since 1969
(since 1968 in East Germany) 		Yes Registered life partnership since 2001 No (proposed) No/Yes Step-child adoption only (full joint adoption proposed) Yes Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination Yes/No
European UnionHungary Hungary Yes Legal since 1962[3] Yes Registered partnership since 2009 No Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples No Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[5] Yes Full legal recognition granted, birth certificate replaced. No surgery or hormone therapy is required for legal gender change.
Liechtenstein Liechtenstein Yes Legal since 1989[3] Yes Registered partnership since 2011 No No N/A No
European UnionPoland Poland Yes Legal
Never punished (Legal until 18th century, criminalized in 19th by laws of Russia, Germany and Austria-Hungary, legal again since 1932)
(Illegal from 1939-1944/1945 under annexation of Nazi Germany) 		No (pending) No Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples[6] No/Yes Gay individuals may adopt Yes Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination Yes legal recognition and birth certificates amended, including. In 1983, the Supreme Court ruled reassignment surgery is not a prerequisite for legal recognition.[7]
European UnionRomania Romania Yes Legal since 1996
Previously legal from 1864 to 1968 		No No No/Yes Gay individuals may adopt. Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[5] No/Yes Legal recognition and birth certificates amended after reassignment surgery
European UnionSlovakia Slovakia Yes Legal since 1962[3] No No (constitutional ban since 2014) No/Yes Gay individuals may adopt Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[8][9]
European UnionSlovenia Slovenia Yes Legal since 1977[3] Yes Registered partnership since 2006 No No/Yes Step-child adoption only [10] Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[5] No Gender change not legal[11]
Switzerland Switzerland Yes Legal
(Geneva, Vaud, Valais and Ticino: since 1798
Nationwide since 1942) 		Yes Registered partnership since 2007 No (pending)[12] (constitutional ban pending) No/Yes Gay individuals may adopt; Biological step-child adoption pending.[13] Yes Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination. Banning all anti-gay discrimination pending Yes Legal documents can be issued based on a person's new gender identity. Sterilization technically required not enforced since 2012. Registered Partnership can become Marriage between the new opposite-sex couple[14].

Eastern Europe

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Civil union Same-sex marriage Same-sex adoption Allows gays to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation) Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Armenia Armenia Yes Legal since 2003[3] No No No Yes/No No explicit ban. However, LGB persons have been reportedly discharged because of their sexual orientation..[15] No No
Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Yes Legal since 2000[3] No No No No Yes (Requires sterilization for change).[11]
Belarus Belarus Yes Legal since 1994[3] No No Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples. No Yes/No Banned from military service during peacetime, but during wartime homosexuals are permitted to enlist as partially able.[16] No LGBT activism/expression deemed terrorism[17] No
Georgia (country) Georgia Yes Legal since 2000[3] No No (constitutional ban pending) No Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[5] Yes (Requires sterilization for change)[11]
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Yes Legal since 1998[3] No No No No No
Moldova Moldova Yes Legal since 1995[3] No No Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples. No Yes Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination [5] Yes (Requires sterilization for change)[11]
Russia Russia Yes Legal since 1993
(Previously legal from 1917 to 1930) 		No No (constitutional ban pending) No No No Bans homosexual "propaganda" in some Regions Yes (Requires sterilization for change)[11]
Ukraine Ukraine Yes Legal since 1991 No No Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples. No Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[18] Yes (Requires sterilization for change)[11]

Northern Europe

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Civil union Same-sex marriage Same-sex adoption Allows gays to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation) Laws concerning gender identity/expression
European UnionDenmark Denmark Yes Legal since 1933[3] No Registered partnership from 1989 to 2012 Yes Legal since 2012 Yes Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination Yes Legal gender change and recognition possible without surgery or hormone therapy.[19]
European UnionEstonia Estonia Yes Legal since 1992[3] No (pending)[20][21] No No Single persons may adopt. Two people can adopt a child only if they are married.[22] Yes Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[5] Yes Forbids discrimination based on gender identity.
Faroe Islands Faroe Islands
(constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark) 		Yes Legal since 1933[3] No No No Yes (Denmark responsible for defence) Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination Yes
European UnionFinland Finland Yes Legal since 1971 Yes Registered partnership since 2002 No (pending) Yes/ No Step-child adoption only (full joint adoption under consideration) Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[5] No Legal change and recognition is possible only with sterilization[23]
Iceland Iceland Yes Legal since 1940 No Registered partnership from 1996 to 2010 Yes Legal since 2010 Yes Legal since 2006 N/A Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination Yes Documents can be amended to the recognised gender.
European UnionLatvia Latvia Yes Legal since 1992[3] No No
Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples since 2006 		No An unmarried person may adopt child alone. Adoption by multiple persons that are not married banned. Yes Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[5] Yes Documents are amended accordingly, no medical intervention required.[24]
European UnionLithuania Lithuania Yes Legal since 1993 No No
Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples since 1992 		No Only married couples can adopt Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination / No There is a law which can be, and actually was, interpreted as a ban on public speech about LGBT Yes Gender change legal since 2003.[25]
Norway Norway Yes Legal since 1972[3] No Registered partnership from 1993 to 2008 Yes Legal since 2009 Yes Legal since 2009 Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[26] Yes All documents can be amended to the recognised gender.
European UnionSweden Sweden Yes Legal since 1944 No Registered partnership from 1995 to 2009 Yes Legal since 2009 Yes Legal since 2003 Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[5] Yes

Southern Europe

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Civil union Same-sex marriage Same-sex adoption Allows gays to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation) Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Albania Albania Yes Legal since 1995[3] No (proposed) No No Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[5] Yes Forbids discrimination based on gender identity.

No Gender change not legal.[11]

Andorra Andorra Yes Legal since 1791
(as part of France) 		Yes Stable union since 2005 No No N/A Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[5] No Gender change not legal
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Legal since 1998[3] No No No Yes Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[5] No
European UnionBulgaria Bulgaria Yes Legal since 1968 No No Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples No/Yes Single gay persons may adopt. Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination Yes (Requires sterilization for change)
European UnionCyprus Cyprus Yes Legal since 1998[3] No (proposed) No No No Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[5] Yes Forbids discrimination based on gender identity.
European UnionGibraltar Gibraltar
(overseas territory of the United Kingdom) 		Yes Legal since 1993 Yes Civil partnership since 2014 No Yes Legal since 2013 Yes UK responsible for defence Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination
European UnionGreece Greece Yes Legal since 1951 No (pending) No No Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination Yes (Requires sterilization for change)
European UnionItaly Italy Yes Legal since 1890 No (pending) No (pending) No Only married couples can adopt Yes Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination Yes Since 1982 legal recognition and documents can be amended to the recognised gender.[27]
North Macedonia Macedonia Yes Legal since 1996[3] No No No Yes No No
European UnionMalta Malta Yes Legal since 1973 Yes Civil union since 2014 No Yes Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination Yes All documents can be amended to the recognised gender.
Montenegro Montenegro Yes Legal since 1977[3] No No Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples since 2007 No Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[5] Yes (Requires sterilization for change).[11] Forbids discrimination based on gender identity.
European UnionPortugal Portugal Yes Legal since 1983 Yes De facto unions since 2001 Yes Legal since 2010 No Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination, according to national Constitution. Yes Since 2011, All documents can be amended to the recognised gender.
San Marino San Marino Yes Legal since 2001 No No No No No Gender change not legal.[11]
Serbia Serbia Yes Legal since 1994[3] No No Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples No Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[5] Yes
European UnionSpain Spain Yes Legal since 1979[3] Yes Yes Legal since 2005 Yes Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[5] Yes Since 2007, all documents can be amended to the recognised gender[28]
Turkey Turkey Yes Legal since 1858 No No No No No Yes (Requires sterilization for change)
Vatican City Vatican City Yes Legal No No No N/A Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[citation needed]

Western Europe

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Civil union Same-sex marriage Same-sex adoption Allows gays to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation) Laws concerning gender identity/expression
European UnionBelgium Belgium Yes Legal since 1795[3]
(as part of France)
(Illegal from 1944-1944/1945 as part of Reichskommissariat Belgien-Nordfrankreich and under annexation of Nazi Germany) 		Yes Statutory cohabitation since 2000 Yes Legal since 2003 Yes Legal since 2006 Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination Yes The 2007 law concerning transsexuality grants the right to a legal name and gender change
European UnionFrance France Yes Legal since 1791[3]
(Illegal in Alsace-Lorraine from 1871–1918 and 1940-1944/1945 under annexation of Imperial and Nazi Germany and illegal in Nord and Pas-de-Calais from 1944-1945 as part of Reichskommissariat Belgien-Nordfrankreich) 		Yes Civil solidarity pact since 1999 Yes Legal since 2013 Yes Legal since 2013 Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination Yes (Requires sterilization for change)
Guernsey Guernsey
(Crown dependency of the United Kingdom) 		Yes Legal since 1983, age of consent equalised in 2012[29][30] No (proposed) No No Yes UK responsible for defence Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination[31] Yes 2004 anti-discrimination law. Legal gender change since 2007: Case law only. Only allows a new birth certificate to be issued. Does not amend or remove records of existing birth certificates, extension to Alderney and Sark unclear, does extend to Herm.[31][32]
European UnionRepublic of Ireland Ireland Yes Legal since 1993 Yes Civil partnership since 2011 No(pending a scheduled referendum) No/Yes Single gay persons may adopt. Step Child adoption under consideration. Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[33][34][35] No Legislation to recognise gender identity pending after High Court ruling in favour.
Isle of Man Isle of Man
(Crown dependencies of the United Kingdom) 		Yes Legal since 1992[3] Yes Civil partnership since 2011 No Yes Legal since 2011 Yes UK responsible for defence Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination Yes
Jersey Jersey
(Crown dependency of the United Kingdom) 		Yes Legal since 1990[3] Yes Civil partnership since 2012 No(Pending) Yes Yes UK responsible for defence No Yes Gender Recognition (Jersey) Law 2010[36]
European UnionLuxembourg Luxembourg Yes Legal since 1795
(as part of France)
(Illegal from 1942-1944/1945 under annexation of Nazi Germany) 		Yes Partnership since 2004 No (pending) No (pending) Yes Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination
Monaco Monaco Yes Legal since 1793 (as part of France) No No No Yes France responsible for defence No
European UnionNetherlands Netherlands Yes Legal since 1811
(as part of France)
(Illegal from 1940-1944/1945 as part of Reichskommissariat Niederlande) 		Yes Registered partnership since 1998 Yes Legal since 2001. Yes Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination Yes
European UnionUnited Kingdom United Kingdom Yes Legal in England and Wales since 1967, in Scotland since 1981 and in Northern Ireland since 1982 Yes Civil partnership since 2005 Legal in England and Wales, and Scotland since 2014
No Illegal in Northern Ireland 		Yes Legal in England and Wales since 2005, in Scotland since 2009 and Northern Ireland since 2013 Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[37][3] Yes Gender Recognition Act 2004

Partially or unrecognised states

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Civil union Same-sex marriage Same-sex adoption Allows gays to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination (sexual orientation) Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Abkhazia Abkhazia Yes No No No No
Kosovo Kosovo Yes Legal since 1994[3]
(as part of Yugoslavia) 		No Anyone can enter into marriage based on free will.[38][39]
Legal de jure, not practiced de facto. 		No Yes Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination[40] Yes
Republic of Artsakh Nagorno-Karabakh Yes No No No No
Northern Cyprus Northern Cyprus Yes Legal since 2014[41][42] No No No No Yes[41][42] Yes Discrimination or hate speech banned since 2014.[41][42]

Unknown if gender change is legal.

South Ossetia South Ossetia Yes No No No No
Transnistria Transnistria Yes No No No No

References

These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
  1. ^ Perspective: what has the EU done for LGBT rights?, Café Babel, 17 May 2010
  2. ^ What is the current legal situation in the EU?, ILGA Europe
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae "State-sponsored Homophobia: A world survey of laws prohibiting same sex activity between consenting adults" (PDF). The International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  4. ^ Template:Hr icon "Zakon o suzbijanju diskriminacije". Narodne-novine.nn.hr. 21 July 2008. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Rainbow Europe Country Index
  6. ^ The Constitution of the Republic of Poland
  7. ^ see for example: T. Smyczynski, Prawo rodzinne i opiekuńcze, C.H. Beck 2005
  8. ^ Homophobia and Discrimination on Grounds of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in the EU Member States Part II: The Social Situation
  9. ^ Law change criminalises homophobia
  10. ^ "Confronting Homophobia in Europe" (PDF). Retrieved 2013-10-10.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i Map shows how Europe forces trans people to be sterilized
  12. ^ Template:De icon 13.468 – Parlamentarische Initiative - Ehe für alle
  13. ^ Switzerland: a law will open some adoption rights to homosexuals, dot429.com, Retrieved 29 March 2014
  14. ^ Template:Fr icon Avis de droit OFEC: Transsexualisme, Federal Department of Justice and Police, retrieved on 9 May 2013
  15. ^ "Armenia: Gays live with threats of violence, abuse". United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 30 March 2010. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
  16. ^ "Belarus: Attitude towards homosexuals and lesbians in Belarus; state protection available to non-heterosexuals in Belarus with special attention to Minsk (2000-2005)". United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 17 January 2006. Retrieved 11 August 2012.
  17. ^ Comment: With all eyes on anti-gay Russia, there are three countries with a shocking need for coverage
  18. ^ "Дискриминация гомосексуалов в Украине запрещена по решению Высшего специализированного суда" (in Russian). {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  19. ^ Denmark changes sex change laws
  20. ^ Gender-Neutral Cohabitation Bill Submitted to Parliament
  21. ^ Template:Et icon Kooseluseadus
  22. ^ Template:Et icon Perekonnaseadus § 75
  23. ^ Template:Fi icon Ihmisoikeudet kuuluvat myös transsukupuolisille
  24. ^ Template:Lv icon Cik viegli pārvērsties no Ievas par Ādamu?
  25. ^ Template:Lt icon Lietuvos Respublikos Civilinis kodeksas (Civil Code of the Republic of Lithuania
  26. ^ Template:No icon "Norwegian Penal code, Straffelov­en, section 135a". Lovdata. {{cite web}}: soft hyphen character in |title= at position 35 (help)
  27. ^ Template:It icon "Legge 14 Aprile 1982, n. 164 (GU n. 106 del 19/04/1982) Norme in Materia di Rettificazione di Attribuzione di Sesso". Archived from the original on 23 May 2007.
  28. ^ Template:Es icon Ley 3/2007, de 15 de marzo, reguladora de la rectificación registral de la mención relativa al sexo de las personas
  29. ^ Sexual Offences (Bailiwick of Guernsey) (Amendment) Law, 2011
  30. ^ Homosexual Offenses and Human Rights in Guernsey
  31. ^ a b "The Prevention of Discrimination (Enabling Provisions) (Bailiwick of Guernsey) Law, 2004". Guernsey Legal Resources. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
  32. ^ In the case of X 2007
  33. ^ "Employment Equality Act, 1998". Irishstatutebook.ie. 18 June 1998. Retrieved 11 July 2010.
  34. ^ "Equal Status Act, 2000". Irishstatutebook.ie. 26 April 2000. Retrieved 11 July 2010.
  35. ^ Prohibition of Incitement To Hatred Act, 1989 - Irish Statute Book
  36. ^ GENDER RECOGNITION (JERSEY) LAW 2010
  37. ^ Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 (c. 4)
  38. ^ "Constitution of Kosovo; discrimination".
  39. ^ "Article 37: Based on free will, everyone enjoys the right to marry and the right to have a family as provided by law" (PDF). Constitution of Kosovo/Kushtetuta e Kosoves.
  40. ^ "Constitution of Kosovo; discrimination".
  41. ^ a b c Northern Cyprus Decriminalizes Homosexuality and Protects LGBTs Against Hate Speech
  42. ^ a b c Template:Tr icon Kuzey Kıbrıs’ın “Eşcinsellik Suçu” Yasası Tarihe Karıştı!
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