Jump to content

Miscarriage and grief: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
+ref+content
Line 1: Line 1:
{{underconstruction}}
{{underconstruction}}
'''Miscarriage and grief''' are both an event and subsequent process of grieving that develops in response to the loss of a [[miscarriage]]. This event is often considered to be identical to the loss of a child and has been described as traumatic.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hospicefoundation.org/Grief-(1)|title=Hospice Foundation Of America - Grief|website=hospicefoundation.org|access-date=2017-09-13}}</ref><ref name="lok">Lok, I. H., & Neugebauer, R. (2007). Psychological morbidity following miscarriage. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 21(2), 229-247.</ref> [[Grief]] differs from the emotion [[sadness]]. Sadness is one of the "six basic emotions" along with [[happiness]], [[anger]], [[Surprise (emotion)|surprise]], [[fear]], and [[disgust]].<ref>Daniel Goleman, ''Emotional Intelligence'' (London 1996) p. 271</ref> Grief, on the other hand, is a response to the loss a of the bond or affection was formed. Grief also has physical, cognitive, behavioral, social, cultural, and philosophical dimensions.<ref name="auto1" /> Bereavement refers to the ongoing state of loss, and grief is the reaction to that loss.<ref name = robinson> {{cite web | title = Provision of information support to women who have suffered an early miscarriage (review) | first = Joanne | last = Robinson | journal = British Journal of Midwifery | date = March 2014 | volume = 22 | number = 3 | pages = 175-180}}</ref> Other responses may be [[Bitter (emotion) | bitterness]], [[anxiety]], and [[blame | blaming]] others and may persist for months.<ref name = sing/><ref name = aafp/><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hunter|first=Amanda|last2=Tussis|first2=Lorena|last3=MacBeth|first3=Angus|date=2017-12-01|title=The presence of anxiety, depression and stress in women and their partners during pregnancies following perinatal loss: A meta-analysis|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28755623|journal=Journal of Affective Disorders|volume=223|pages=153–164|doi=10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.004|issn=1573-2517|pmid=28755623}}</ref> Self-esteem can be lost in response.<ref name = sing/>
'''Miscarriage and grief''' are both an event and subsequent process of grieving that develops in response to the loss of a [[miscarriage]]. This event is often considered to be identical to the loss of a child and has been described as traumatic.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hospicefoundation.org/Grief-(1)|title=Hospice Foundation Of America - Grief|website=hospicefoundation.org|access-date=2017-09-13}}</ref><ref name="lok">Lok, I. H., & Neugebauer, R. (2007). Psychological morbidity following miscarriage. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 21(2), 229-247.</ref> [[Grief]] differs from the emotion [[sadness]].<ref> Some thesauruses consider 'sadness' to be a a synonym for grief. See [http://www.thesaurus.com/browse/grief][https://www.powerthesaurus.org/grief/synonyms][https://books.google.ca/books?id=dF2WpFK3A5gC&pg=PA372]</ref> Sadness is one of the "six basic emotions" along with [[happiness]], [[anger]], [[Surprise (emotion)|surprise]], [[fear]], and [[disgust]].<ref>Daniel Goleman, ''Emotional Intelligence'' (London 1996) p. 271</ref> Grief, on the other hand, is a response to the loss a of the bond or affection was formed. Grief also has physical, cognitive, behavioral, social, cultural, and philosophical dimensions.<ref name="auto1" /> Bereavement refers to the ongoing state of loss, and grief is the reaction to that loss.<ref name = robinson> {{cite web | title = Provision of information support to women who have suffered an early miscarriage (review) | first = Joanne | last = Robinson | journal = British Journal of Midwifery | date = March 2014 | volume = 22 | number = 3 | pages = 175-180}}</ref> Other responses may be [[Bitter (emotion) | bitterness]], [[anxiety]], and [[blame | blaming]] others and may persist for months.<ref name = sing/><ref name = aafp/><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hunter|first=Amanda|last2=Tussis|first2=Lorena|last3=MacBeth|first3=Angus|date=2017-12-01|title=The presence of anxiety, depression and stress in women and their partners during pregnancies following perinatal loss: A meta-analysis|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28755623|journal=Journal of Affective Disorders|volume=223|pages=153–164|doi=10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.004|issn=1573-2517|pmid=28755623}}</ref> Self-esteem can be lost in response.<ref name = sing/>


A miscarriage can often be "heart-breaking".<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Garrido-Gimenez|first=Carmen|last2=Alijotas-Reig|first2=Jaume|date=2015-03-01|title=Recurrent miscarriage: causes, evaluation and management|url=http://pmj.bmj.com/content/91/1073/151|journal=Postgraduate Medical Journal|language=en|volume=91|issue=1073|pages=151–162|doi=10.1136/postgradmedj-2014-132672|issn=0032-5473|pmid=25681385|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910181311/http://pmj.bmj.com/content/91/1073/151|archivedate=September 10, 2017|df=mdy-all}}</ref> A miscarriage can effect the women, [[husband]], partner, [[sibling]]s, [[grandparent]]s, the whole [[family]] system and friends. Almost all those experiencing a miscarriage go through a [[grief|grieving]] process.<ref name="Pregnancy loss">{{cite journal|last1=Robinson|first1=GE|title=Pregnancy loss.|journal=Best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology|date=January 2014|volume=28|issue=1|pages=169–78|pmid=24047642|doi=10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2013.08.012}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.postpartumprogress.com/13-things-you-should-know-about-grief-after-miscarriage-or-baby-loss|title=13 Things To Know About Grief After Miscarriage or Loss|date=2013-05-16|work=Postpartum Progress|access-date=2017-09-09|language=English|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909192535/http://www.postpartumprogress.com/13-things-you-should-know-about-grief-after-miscarriage-or-baby-loss|archivedate=September 9, 2017|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name=:2>{{Cite web|url=http://www.miscarriagesupport.org.nz/grief-issues-special-to-miscarriage/|title=Grief Issues Special to Miscarriage – the broken bond|website=www.miscarriagesupport.org.nz|language=English|access-date=2017-09-09|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704235250/http://www.miscarriagesupport.org.nz/grief-issues-special-to-miscarriage/|archivedate=July 4, 2017|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sing" /> Serious emotional impact is usually experienced immediately after the miscarriage.<ref name="Pregnancy loss" /> Some may go through the same loss when an [[ectopic pregnancy]] is terminated.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Miscarriage/Pages/Causes.aspx|title=Miscarriage - Causes - NHS Choices|first=NHS|last=Choices|website=www.nhs.uk}}</ref><ref name="webmd">{{cite web | last = Rosenthal | first = M. Sara | title = The Second Trimester | work = The Gynecological Sourcebook | publisher = WebMD | year = 1999 | url = http://www.webmd.com/content/article/4/1680_51802.htm | accessdate = December 18, 2006 | deadurl = no | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20061201085538/http://www.webmd.com/content/article/4/1680_51802.htm | archivedate = December 1, 2006 | df = mdy-all }}</ref> In some, the realization of the loss can take weeks. Providing [[family support]] to those experiencing the loss can be challenging because some find comfort in talking about the miscarriage while others may find the event painful to discuss. The father of the baby can have the same sense of loss. Expressing feelings of grief and loss can sometimes be harder for men. Some women are able to begin planning their next pregnancy after a few weeks of having the miscarriage. For others, planning another pregnancy can be difficult.<ref name=uk>{{cite web|url=http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Miscarriage/Pages/Complications.aspx|title=Miscarriage - Afterwards - NHS Choices|last=Choices|first=NHS|website=www.nhs.uk|accessdate=September 5, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905055121/http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Miscarriage/Pages/Complications.aspx|archivedate=September 5, 2017|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name=misorg>{{cite web | url = https://www.miscarriageassociation.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Thinking-about-another-pregnancy.pdf | title = Thinking About Another Pregnancy | publisher = Miscarriage Association | accessdate = 4 September 2017 | date = 2013 | deadurl = no | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170905051002/https://www.miscarriageassociation.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Thinking-about-another-pregnancy.pdf | archivedate = September 5, 2017 | df = mdy-all }}</ref> Organizations exist that provide information and counselling to help those who have had a miscarriage.<ref name=uk/>
A miscarriage can often be "heart-breaking".<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Garrido-Gimenez|first=Carmen|last2=Alijotas-Reig|first2=Jaume|date=2015-03-01|title=Recurrent miscarriage: causes, evaluation and management|url=http://pmj.bmj.com/content/91/1073/151|journal=Postgraduate Medical Journal|language=en|volume=91|issue=1073|pages=151–162|doi=10.1136/postgradmedj-2014-132672|issn=0032-5473|pmid=25681385|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910181311/http://pmj.bmj.com/content/91/1073/151|archivedate=September 10, 2017|df=mdy-all}}</ref> A miscarriage can effect the women, [[husband]], partner, [[sibling]]s, [[grandparent]]s, the whole [[family]] system and friends. Almost all those experiencing a miscarriage go through a [[grief|grieving]] process.<ref name="Pregnancy loss">{{cite journal|last1=Robinson|first1=GE|title=Pregnancy loss.|journal=Best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology|date=January 2014|volume=28|issue=1|pages=169–78|pmid=24047642|doi=10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2013.08.012}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.postpartumprogress.com/13-things-you-should-know-about-grief-after-miscarriage-or-baby-loss|title=13 Things To Know About Grief After Miscarriage or Loss|date=2013-05-16|work=Postpartum Progress|access-date=2017-09-09|language=English|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909192535/http://www.postpartumprogress.com/13-things-you-should-know-about-grief-after-miscarriage-or-baby-loss|archivedate=September 9, 2017|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name=:2>{{Cite web|url=http://www.miscarriagesupport.org.nz/grief-issues-special-to-miscarriage/|title=Grief Issues Special to Miscarriage – the broken bond|website=www.miscarriagesupport.org.nz|language=English|access-date=2017-09-09|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704235250/http://www.miscarriagesupport.org.nz/grief-issues-special-to-miscarriage/|archivedate=July 4, 2017|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="sing" /> Serious emotional impact is usually experienced immediately after the miscarriage.<ref name="Pregnancy loss" /> Some may go through the same loss when an [[ectopic pregnancy]] is terminated.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Miscarriage/Pages/Causes.aspx|title=Miscarriage - Causes - NHS Choices|first=NHS|last=Choices|website=www.nhs.uk}}</ref><ref name="webmd">{{cite web | last = Rosenthal | first = M. Sara | title = The Second Trimester | work = The Gynecological Sourcebook | publisher = WebMD | year = 1999 | url = http://www.webmd.com/content/article/4/1680_51802.htm | accessdate = December 18, 2006 | deadurl = no | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20061201085538/http://www.webmd.com/content/article/4/1680_51802.htm | archivedate = December 1, 2006 | df = mdy-all }}</ref> In some, the realization of the loss can take weeks. Providing [[family support]] to those experiencing the loss can be challenging because some find comfort in talking about the miscarriage while others may find the event painful to discuss. The father of the baby can have the same sense of loss. Expressing feelings of grief and loss can sometimes be harder for men. Some women are able to begin planning their next pregnancy after a few weeks of having the miscarriage. For others, planning another pregnancy can be difficult.<ref name=uk>{{cite web|url=http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Miscarriage/Pages/Complications.aspx|title=Miscarriage - Afterwards - NHS Choices|last=Choices|first=NHS|website=www.nhs.uk|accessdate=September 5, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905055121/http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Miscarriage/Pages/Complications.aspx|archivedate=September 5, 2017|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name=misorg>{{cite web | url = https://www.miscarriageassociation.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Thinking-about-another-pregnancy.pdf | title = Thinking About Another Pregnancy | publisher = Miscarriage Association | accessdate = 4 September 2017 | date = 2013 | deadurl = no | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170905051002/https://www.miscarriageassociation.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Thinking-about-another-pregnancy.pdf | archivedate = September 5, 2017 | df = mdy-all }}</ref> Organizations exist that provide information and counselling to help those who have had a miscarriage.<ref name=uk/>

Revision as of 07:11, 14 September 2017

Miscarriage and grief are both an event and subsequent process of grieving that develops in response to the loss of a miscarriage. This event is often considered to be identical to the loss of a child and has been described as traumatic.[1][2] Grief differs from the emotion sadness.[3] Sadness is one of the "six basic emotions" along with happiness, anger, surprise, fear, and disgust.[4] Grief, on the other hand, is a response to the loss a of the bond or affection was formed. Grief also has physical, cognitive, behavioral, social, cultural, and philosophical dimensions.[5] Bereavement refers to the ongoing state of loss, and grief is the reaction to that loss.[6] Other responses may be bitterness, anxiety, and blaming others and may persist for months.[7][8][9] Self-esteem can be lost in response.[7]

A miscarriage can often be "heart-breaking".[10] A miscarriage can effect the women, husband, partner, siblings, grandparents, the whole family system and friends. Almost all those experiencing a miscarriage go through a grieving process.[11][12][13][7] Serious emotional impact is usually experienced immediately after the miscarriage.[11] Some may go through the same loss when an ectopic pregnancy is terminated.[5][14] In some, the realization of the loss can take weeks. Providing family support to those experiencing the loss can be challenging because some find comfort in talking about the miscarriage while others may find the event painful to discuss. The father of the baby can have the same sense of loss. Expressing feelings of grief and loss can sometimes be harder for men. Some women are able to begin planning their next pregnancy after a few weeks of having the miscarriage. For others, planning another pregnancy can be difficult.[15][16] Organizations exist that provide information and counselling to help those who have had a miscarriage.[15]

Psychological impact

Grieving manifests itself differently for each woman. It sometimes goes unrecognized. This grieving has been called a type of "trauma".[2] Some women are able to complete the grieving process a few weeks after the miscarriage and start anticipating their next pregnancy. Planning another pregnancy is traumatic for others. The impact of a miscarriage can be "crippling" psychologically.[7] Anger can be directed toward those who have had successful pregnancies and children. [2][5] I woman can grieve the "loss of a future child and question her own role of motherhood..[2]

Recovery

Physical recovery from miscarriage can have an affect on emotional disturbances. The body has to recover from the sudden pregnancy loss. In some instances fatigue is present. Insomnia can be a problem.[7][8][5] The miscarriage is very upsetting to the family and can generate very strong emotions. Some women may feel that the miscarriage occurred because they somehow had caused it. Others may blame the father or partner for the miscarriage.[7] Coping with a miscarriage can very greatly between women and families. Some find it difficult to talk about the miscarriage.[8][7]

Interventions

Effective interventions to assist in recovery have been difficult to identify because of the inconsistency of most of them. Comparisons are hard to make.[7]

Concerns about future pregnancies

One emotional response to miscarriage is the strong apprehension that can develop anticipating a subsequent pregnancy.[7][8] Procreation abilities may also be questioned by the woman.[7][2]

Memorials and burial

Family and friends often conduct a memorial or burial service. Hospitals also can provide support and help memorialize the event. Depending on locale others desire to have a private ceremony.[15]

In culture

Grieving after the loss of a child through miscarriage in other cultures can vary from western culture.[17][18]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Hospice Foundation Of America - Grief". hospicefoundation.org. Retrieved 2017-09-13.
  2. ^ a b c d e Lok, I. H., & Neugebauer, R. (2007). Psychological morbidity following miscarriage. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 21(2), 229-247.
  3. ^ Some thesauruses consider 'sadness' to be a a synonym for grief. See [1][2][3]
  4. ^ Daniel Goleman, Emotional Intelligence (London 1996) p. 271
  5. ^ a b c d Choices, NHS. "Miscarriage - Causes - NHS Choices". www.nhs.uk.
  6. ^ Robinson, Joanne (March 2014). "Provision of information support to women who have suffered an early miscarriage (review)". British Journal of Midwifery. pp. 175–180. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Wen-Yi, Marianne; Ka Shun, Lam; Ling Ho, Priscilla Jia; et al. "The impact miscarriage on women's psychological well being and interventions: A literature review". Singapore Nursing Journal. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help); Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Explicit use of et al. in: |last3= (help)
  8. ^ a b c d "Pregnancy Loss: What You Should Know". American Academy of Family Physicians. 2007-11-01. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help); Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  9. ^ Hunter, Amanda; Tussis, Lorena; MacBeth, Angus (2017-12-01). "The presence of anxiety, depression and stress in women and their partners during pregnancies following perinatal loss: A meta-analysis". Journal of Affective Disorders. 223: 153–164. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.004. ISSN 1573-2517. PMID 28755623.
  10. ^ Garrido-Gimenez, Carmen; Alijotas-Reig, Jaume (March 1, 2015). "Recurrent miscarriage: causes, evaluation and management". Postgraduate Medical Journal. 91 (1073): 151–162. doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2014-132672. ISSN 0032-5473. PMID 25681385. Archived from the original on September 10, 2017. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ a b Robinson, GE (January 2014). "Pregnancy loss". Best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology. 28 (1): 169–78. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2013.08.012. PMID 24047642.
  12. ^ "13 Things To Know About Grief After Miscarriage or Loss". Postpartum Progress. May 16, 2013. Archived from the original on September 9, 2017. Retrieved September 9, 2017. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ "Grief Issues Special to Miscarriage – the broken bond". www.miscarriagesupport.org.nz. Archived from the original on July 4, 2017. Retrieved September 9, 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ Rosenthal, M. Sara (1999). "The Second Trimester". The Gynecological Sourcebook. WebMD. Archived from the original on December 1, 2006. Retrieved December 18, 2006. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ a b c Choices, NHS. "Miscarriage - Afterwards - NHS Choices". www.nhs.uk. Archived from the original on September 5, 2017. Retrieved September 5, 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  16. ^ "Thinking About Another Pregnancy" (PDF). Miscarriage Association. 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 5, 2017. Retrieved September 4, 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ Klass, Dennis (2015). "Book Reviews of Narratives of Sorrow and Dignity: Japanese Women, Pregnancy Loss, and Modern Rituals of Grieving". OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying. 70 (4): 454–457. doi:10.1177/0030222815573931. ISSN 0030-2228.
  18. ^ http://hospicefoundation.org/Grief-(1)/What-to-Expect
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miscarriage_and_grief&oldid=800551950"