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== Reactions ==
== Reactions ==
===Politics===
===Politics===

=== Ukraine ===
During various official speeches, Poroshenko stressed the importance of Ukraine receiving its tomos of autocephaly which Ukraine "deserved",<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/nasha-velika-naciya-zarobila-pravo-mati-vlasnu-cerkvu-prezid-51466|title=Our great nation deserved the right to have its own church – President on the autocephaly of the Ukrainian church|last=|first=|date=28 November 2018|work=Official website of the President of Ukraine|access-date=2018-12-02|language=en}}</ref> is the equivalent of "a charter of [Ukraine's] spiritual independence"<ref name=":59">{{Cite news|url=https://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/zvernennya-prezidenta-shodo-rishennya-sinodu-vselenskogo-pat-51510|title=President's address as regards the decision of the Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate on the approval of the Tomos for the Ukrainian church|last=|first=|date=29 November 2018|work=Official website of the President of Ukraine|access-date=2018-12-01|language=en}}</ref> and was comparable to a referendum on Ukraine's independence<ref name="president.gov.ua">{{Cite news|url=https://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/mi-jdemo-svoyim-shlyahom-prezident-privitav-ukrayinciv-iz-27-51602|title=We are going our way – President congratulated Ukrainians on the 27th anniversary of the referendum on Independence of Ukraine|last=|first=|date=1 December 2018|work=Official website of the President of Ukraine|access-date=2018-12-02|language=en}}</ref> and would be "another pillar of Ukrainian independence".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://risu.org.ua/en/index/all_news/state/national_religious_question/73820/|title=We are creating another pillar of Ukrainian independence – President on the founding of the Autocephalous Ukrainian Orthodox Church|last=|first=|date=8 December 2018|website=risu.org.ua|access-date=2018-12-12}}</ref> On the 27th anniversary of the [[Ukrainian independence referendum, 1991|referendum on independence of Ukraine]], Poroshenko declared the tomos of autocephaly was the equivalent of Ukraine saying ""Away from Moscow!" – "Europe now!""<ref name="president.gov.ua" />
During various official speeches, Poroshenko stressed the importance of Ukraine receiving its tomos of autocephaly which Ukraine "deserved",<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/nasha-velika-naciya-zarobila-pravo-mati-vlasnu-cerkvu-prezid-51466|title=Our great nation deserved the right to have its own church – President on the autocephaly of the Ukrainian church|last=|first=|date=28 November 2018|work=Official website of the President of Ukraine|access-date=2018-12-02|language=en}}</ref> is the equivalent of "a charter of [Ukraine's] spiritual independence"<ref name=":59">{{Cite news|url=https://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/zvernennya-prezidenta-shodo-rishennya-sinodu-vselenskogo-pat-51510|title=President's address as regards the decision of the Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate on the approval of the Tomos for the Ukrainian church|last=|first=|date=29 November 2018|work=Official website of the President of Ukraine|access-date=2018-12-01|language=en}}</ref> and was comparable to a referendum on Ukraine's independence<ref name="president.gov.ua">{{Cite news|url=https://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/mi-jdemo-svoyim-shlyahom-prezident-privitav-ukrayinciv-iz-27-51602|title=We are going our way – President congratulated Ukrainians on the 27th anniversary of the referendum on Independence of Ukraine|last=|first=|date=1 December 2018|work=Official website of the President of Ukraine|access-date=2018-12-02|language=en}}</ref> and would be "another pillar of Ukrainian independence".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://risu.org.ua/en/index/all_news/state/national_religious_question/73820/|title=We are creating another pillar of Ukrainian independence – President on the founding of the Autocephalous Ukrainian Orthodox Church|last=|first=|date=8 December 2018|website=risu.org.ua|access-date=2018-12-12}}</ref> On the 27th anniversary of the [[Ukrainian independence referendum, 1991|referendum on independence of Ukraine]], Poroshenko declared the tomos of autocephaly was the equivalent of Ukraine saying ""Away from Moscow!" – "Europe now!""<ref name="president.gov.ua" />


On 15 December 2018, Poroshenko made a speech after Epiphanius' election, in which he said the autocephalous church would be "without [[Vladimir Putin|Putin]], without [[Patriarch Kirill of Moscow|Kirill]]", but "with God and with Ukraine".<ref name=":32" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/vistup-prezidenta-za-rezultatami-vseukrayinskogo-pravoslavno-52050|title=Speech by the President on the results of the All-Ukrainian Orthodox Unity Council|last=|first=|date=15 December 2018|website=Official website of the President of Ukraine|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-12-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/15/world/europe/russia-ukraine-orthodox-church.html|title=Amid Russia Tensions, Ukraine Moves Toward Separate Church|last=MacFarquhar|first=Neil|date=2018-12-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-01-07|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> He added autocephaly was "part of our state pro-European and pro-Ukrainian strategy".<ref name=":1" />
On 15 December 2018, Poroshenko made a speech after Epiphanius' election, in which he said the autocephalous church would be "without [[Vladimir Putin|Putin]], without [[Patriarch Kirill of Moscow|Kirill]]", but "with God and with Ukraine".<ref name=":32" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/vistup-prezidenta-za-rezultatami-vseukrayinskogo-pravoslavno-52050|title=Speech by the President on the results of the All-Ukrainian Orthodox Unity Council|last=|first=|date=15 December 2018|website=Official website of the President of Ukraine|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-12-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/15/world/europe/russia-ukraine-orthodox-church.html|title=Amid Russia Tensions, Ukraine Moves Toward Separate Church|last=MacFarquhar|first=Neil|date=2018-12-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-01-07|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> He added autocephaly was "part of our state pro-European and pro-Ukrainian strategy".<ref name=":1" />

On 6 January, after the OCU had received its tomos, President Poroshenko declared: "His All-Holiness Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew already has a special place in the history of Ukraine. With all that he did, due to his wisdom and leadership, his devotion to Ukraine and Orthodoxy, I would say that His All-Holiness will be considered a co-founder of a new Ukraine. This is a very special and historic mission"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://risu.org.ua/en/index/all_news/orthodox/ocu/74200/|title=His All-Holiness will be considered a co-founder of a new Ukraine - President on the role of Patriarch Bartholomew in the establishment of the independent UOC|website=risu.org.ua|access-date=2019-01-07}}</ref>


On 7 January 2019, Ukrainian President [[Petro Poroshenko]] said that Ukraine, with the creation of the autocephalous Orthodox Church of Ukraine, has finally severed ties with Russia. He added: "The creation of the autocephalous Orthodox Church of Ukraine is the pledge of our independence. This is the foundation of our spiritual freedom. We've severed the last ties that connected us with Moscow and its fantasies about Ukraine as the canonical territory of the Russian Orthodox Church. This is not and won't be anymore." He made this declaration at the Christmas liturgy in St. Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv where the tomos of autocephaly of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine was shown to the public.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unian.info/politics/10400874-poroshenko-ukraine-finally-severs-ties-with-russia.html|title=Poroshenko: Ukraine finally severs ties with Russia|last=|first=|date=7 January 2019|website=www.unian.info|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-01-07}}</ref>
On 7 January 2019, Ukrainian President [[Petro Poroshenko]] said that Ukraine, with the creation of the autocephalous Orthodox Church of Ukraine, has finally severed ties with Russia. He added: "The creation of the autocephalous Orthodox Church of Ukraine is the pledge of our independence. This is the foundation of our spiritual freedom. We've severed the last ties that connected us with Moscow and its fantasies about Ukraine as the canonical territory of the Russian Orthodox Church. This is not and won't be anymore." He made this declaration at the Christmas liturgy in St. Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv where the tomos of autocephaly of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine was shown to the public.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unian.info/politics/10400874-poroshenko-ukraine-finally-severs-ties-with-russia.html|title=Poroshenko: Ukraine finally severs ties with Russia|last=|first=|date=7 January 2019|website=www.unian.info|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-01-07}}</ref>

=== Russia ===
On 17 December 2018, it was reported that the [[Federal Security Service|Federal Security Service of Russia]], along with members of the [[Russian Orthodox Church|Moscow Patriarchate]], had created mobile groups to prevent communities in Ukraine from switching from the UOC-MP to the OCU. Thoses groups are present in each diocoese of the UOC-MP and are composed of a lawyer and several sporty men.<ref name=":92">{{Cite web|url=https://risu.org.ua/en/index/all_news/community/religion_and_society/73976/|title=UOC MP set up mobile groups to block transfer of communities to Orthodox Church of Ukraine|last=|first=|date=19 December 2018|website=risu.org.ua|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-12-19}}</ref><ref name=":252">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-society/2602926-rpc-zadiue-v-ukraini-silovi-grupi-dla-kontrolu-majna-cerkov-vijskove-duhovenstvo.html|title=РПЦ задіює в Україні "силові групи" для контролю майна церков — військове духовенство|last=|first=|date=17 December 2018|website=www.ukrinform.ua|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-12-19}}</ref> On 20 December, Russian President Putin condemned the creation of the OCU.<ref name=":43">{{Cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/putin-condemns-creation-of-independent-ukraine-church/4709006.html|title=Putin Condemns Creation of Independent Ukraine Church|last=|first=|date=20 December 2018|website=VOA|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-12-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.romandie.com/news/Poutine-condamne-la-creation-d-une-eglise-independante-en-Ukraine/981675.rom|title=Poutine condamne la création d'une église indépendante en Ukraine|last=|first=|date=20 December 2018|website=www.romandie.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-12-22}}</ref>


=== From other Eastern Orthodox churches ===
=== From other Eastern Orthodox churches ===

Revision as of 17:47, 7 January 2019

For other uses, see Ukrainian Orthodox Church (disambiguation).
Orthodox Church of Ukraine
Православна церква України
St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery in Kiev
LanguageUkrainian
LiturgyByzantine Rite
HeadquartersSt. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery, Kiev[1][2]
TerritoryUkraine
Independence5 January 2019 (tomos of autocephaly)[3][4][5]
RecognitionRecognized by the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
Official websitehttps://www.pomisna.info [6]
Part of a series on the
Eastern Orthodox Church
Christ Pantocrator (Deesis mosaic detail)
Mosaic of Christ Pantocrator, Hagia Sophia
Overview
Background
Organization
Autocephalous jurisdictions
Autocephalous Churches who are officially part of the communion:

Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churches de jure:

Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches:

Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church:


Autonomous jurisdictions

Semi-Autonomous:

Episcopal assemblies
Noncanonical jurisdictions
Ecumenical councils
  • Other possible ecumenical councils:
  • Other important councils:
History
Theology
Liturgy and worship
Liturgical calendar
  • The four fasting periods:
Major figures
Other topics

The Orthodox Church of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Православна церква України Pravoslavna tserkva Ukrayiny; Greek: Αυτοκέφαλη Ορθόδοξη Εκκλησία της Ουκρανίας Autokéfali Orthódoxi Ekklisía tis Oukranías),[9][10] (OCU) or Ukrainian Orthodox Church, is an Eastern Orthodox church whose canonical territory is Ukraine. The church was established by a unification council on 15 December 2018. The council voted to unite the existing Ukrainian Orthodox jurisdictions: the Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kiev Patriarchate (UOC-KP), the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (UAOC) and a part of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) (UOC-MP). The primate of the church is the Metropolitan of Kiev and all Ukraine. The unification council elected Epiphanius Dumenko as its primate, previously the Metropolitan of Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi and Bila Tserkva (UOC-KP).

The other Orthodox jurisdiction in Ukraine is the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate), a semi-autonomous branch of the Moscow-based Russian Orthodox Church, which considers the Orthodox Church of Ukraine to be schismatic.

According to the charter adopted by the OCU at the same unification council, Orthodox Ukrainians of the diaspora are subject to the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople.[11][12][13][14] This might see the transfer of parishes from the now dissolved Kiev Patriarchate to the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate.

Name

The official name of the united Ukrainian church is the "Orthodox Church of Ukraine" ("Ukrainian Orthodox Church" is allowed) and the name of its primate is "His Beatitude (name), Metropolitan of Kyiv and all Ukraine".[15][16][17]

History

Unification council

Main articles: Unification council of the Orthodox churches of Ukraine and 2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism

On 15 December 2018, members of the existing Ukrainian Orthodox churches (the UOC-KP, the UAOC and parts of the UOC-MP) voted through their representatives (bishops) to unite into the Orthodox Church of Ukraine on the basis of complete canonical independence. They elected their primate and adopted a charter for the Orthodox Church of Ukraine.[11][12][13]

Metropolitan Epiphanius of Kiev and all Ukraine

Metropolitan Epiphanius of the UOC-KP, who had been chosen on 13 December by the UOC-KP as its only candidate, and was considered as Filaret's right arm[18] and protégé,[19] was elected Metropolitan of Kiev and all Ukraine by the unification council on 15 December 2018 after the second round of voting.[20][21]

In his speech after the election, Metropolitan Epiphanius thanked President Poroshenko, the Ecumenical Patriarch, Makariy, the Ukrainian Parliament, as well as Filaret. On Filaret, Epiphanius said: "I want to express my gratitude to His Holiness, His Holiness Patriarch Filaret, who is our spiritual mentor and will continue to be honored, helping us, for a lifetime, to jointly build our Single Local Orthodox Church. Thank you, Your Holiness."[22] Epiphanius added the doors of his church were "open to everyone".[23][22]

Epiphanius later made clear that no weighty decision would be taken by his church as long as he had not received the church's formal ecclesiastical decree or tomos.[24][25]

The Ecumenical Patriarch congratulated and blessed the newly elected Metropolitan on the day of his election and said the newly elected primate was invited to come to Istanbul to concelebrate a Divine Liturgy with the Ecumenical Patriarch and receive the Orthodox Church of Ukraine's tomos on 6 January 2019.[26][27][28]

File:На Об'єднавчому Соборі.jpg
Metropolitan Epiphanius and Ukrainian President Poroshenko shaking hands after the unification council

It was planned that the newly elected head of the united Ukrainian Orthodox church would go to Istanbul, accompanied by President Poroshenko,[29][30] to receive the church tomos and concelebrate a Divine Liturgy with the Ecumenical Patriarch.[31] Poroshenko also confirmed his plan to go to Istanbul with the now elected primate of the autocephalous Ukrainian church, on 6 January, to be present when said primate will receive the church's tomos.[32]

After the council, Filaret became the "honorary patriarch" of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine and will serve in the St Volodymyr's Cathedral.[33][34][35][36] On 16 December 2018, Filaret held a Divine Liturgy in which he came wearing the headgear of a patriarch.[37][38] During this Filaret declared in his sermon, that he was still patriarch: "The Patriarch remains for life and, together with the Primate, governs the Ukrainian Orthodox Church".[39] After the Divine Liturgy, he was acclaimed by the hierarchs of the church as "great vladyka and father Filaret, the holiest patriarch of Kiev and all Ukraine-Rus and sacred archimandrite of the Holy Dormition Kiev-Pechersk Lavra".[40][41] On the same day Epiphanius omitted Patriarch Kirill of Moscow from the list of brother primates with whom he is in communion who are usually commemorated at the Great Entrance.[42][43] Metropolitan Epiphanius later explained in an interview with Ukrainian "Direct" TV channel: "At the moment I do not commemorate him [the Patriarch of Moscow] because we are in a state of war, so the Ukrainian people would not accept if the newly-elected primate commemorated the name of the Russian Patriarch."[34][35][36]

Metropolitan Epiphanius stated on 21 December that the church had about 7 thousand parishes.[8]

Advertisements to promote a united Ukrainian Orthodox church had been made months prior to the unification council.[44] Petro Poroshenko declared "not a dime" from the Ukrainian State had been paid for them, that he paid those advertisements with his own money.[45] Poroshenko refused to state how much had been spent.[46]

Granting of the tomos of autocephaly

Further information: Autocephaly of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine
Patriarch Bartholomew signing the tomos of autocephaly
Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew handing the tomos of autocephaly to Metropolitan Epiphanius

On 5 January 2019, Patriarch Bartholomew and Metropolitan Epiphanius celebrated a Divine Liturgy in St. George's Cathedral in Istanbul; the tomos was signed thereafter, also in St. George's Cathedral. "The document has come into force from the moment of its signing."[47] The signing of the tomos officially established the autocephalous Orthodox Church of Ukraine.[48]

After the tomos was signed, Patriarch Batholomew made a speech to Metropolitan Epiphanius.[49] President Poroshenko[50] and Metropolitan Epiphanius also made speeches. In his speech, Epiphanius declared about Poroshenko: "Your name, Mr. President, will remain forever in the history of the Ukrainian people and the church next to the names of our princes Volodymyr the Great, Yaroslav the Wise, Kostiantyn Ostrozky and Hetman Ivan Mazepa"[51]

On January 6, after a Divine Liturgy concelebrated by Metropolitan Epiphanius and Patriarch Bartholomew, Partriarch Bartholomew read the tomos of the OCU and then gave it to Metropolitan Epiphanius.[52][53]

On 7 January 2019, Metropolitan Epiphanius celebrated the Divine Liturgy in the Saint Sophia's Cathedral, where the tomos of autocephaly will be shown to the public.[54][55] Thereafter, the tomos was permanently exposed in the refectory church of the Saint Sophia's Cathedral where everyone can go and see it.[54][56]

On 9 January, the tomos will be brought to Istanbul where it will be signed by all members of the synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate. Then, the tomos will go back to Kiev and stay there.[57]

The tomos is made on a parchment by a famous painter and calligrapher of the Mount Athos, hieromonk Lucas from the monastery of Xenophontos.[58] President Poroshenko was present during the signing and handing of the tomos.[59][60][61]

Statute of Metropolis

In an interview with Ukrainian "Direct" TV channel (uk) 29 December 2018,[34][35][36] concerning the fact he was not a patriarch, Metropolitan Epiphanius declared:

There is no definite restriction here. Of course, at the first stage of the formation of our independent Church, we will have a metropolitan status. This is also a definite condition through which all other Local Orthodox Churches passed. Nearly none of the Local Churches received patriarchal status at once. This status is probably out of date. For this status, perhaps, now is not the time. But when we become a big, strong, unified church in Ukraine, it will be a matter of time. But now we have to go through the stage of formation, recognition of our autocephalous status by other Local Orthodox Churches. But now we have to pass this stage of formation, recognition of our autocephalous status by other local Orthodox churches. And in the long run, the Lord will admit that we, as the only local Orthodox Church, will receive and increase in status.[36][62][63]

The tomos of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine states the church cannot change the title of its primate ("Metropolitan of Kiev and all Ukraine") without the permission of the Ecumenical Patriarchate.[64]

Reactions

Politics

Ukraine

During various official speeches, Poroshenko stressed the importance of Ukraine receiving its tomos of autocephaly which Ukraine "deserved",[65] is the equivalent of "a charter of [Ukraine's] spiritual independence"[66] and was comparable to a referendum on Ukraine's independence[67] and would be "another pillar of Ukrainian independence".[68] On the 27th anniversary of the referendum on independence of Ukraine, Poroshenko declared the tomos of autocephaly was the equivalent of Ukraine saying ""Away from Moscow!" – "Europe now!""[67]

On 15 December 2018, Poroshenko made a speech after Epiphanius' election, in which he said the autocephalous church would be "without Putin, without Kirill", but "with God and with Ukraine".[18][69][70] He added autocephaly was "part of our state pro-European and pro-Ukrainian strategy".[69]

On 6 January, after the OCU had received its tomos, President Poroshenko declared: "His All-Holiness Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew already has a special place in the history of Ukraine. With all that he did, due to his wisdom and leadership, his devotion to Ukraine and Orthodoxy, I would say that His All-Holiness will be considered a co-founder of a new Ukraine. This is a very special and historic mission"[71]

On 7 January 2019, Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko said that Ukraine, with the creation of the autocephalous Orthodox Church of Ukraine, has finally severed ties with Russia. He added: "The creation of the autocephalous Orthodox Church of Ukraine is the pledge of our independence. This is the foundation of our spiritual freedom. We've severed the last ties that connected us with Moscow and its fantasies about Ukraine as the canonical territory of the Russian Orthodox Church. This is not and won't be anymore." He made this declaration at the Christmas liturgy in St. Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv where the tomos of autocephaly of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine was shown to the public.[72]

Russia

On 17 December 2018, it was reported that the Federal Security Service of Russia, along with members of the Moscow Patriarchate, had created mobile groups to prevent communities in Ukraine from switching from the UOC-MP to the OCU. Thoses groups are present in each diocoese of the UOC-MP and are composed of a lawyer and several sporty men.[73][74] On 20 December, Russian President Putin condemned the creation of the OCU.[75][76]

From other Eastern Orthodox churches

Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)

Archbishop Clement (Vecheria), chairman of the Synodal Information and Educational Department of the UOC-MP, declared to the BBC that no sanctions would be applied to Metropolitans Simeon and Alexander as they had "joined a schism" and were now outside of the UOC-MP. The post these metropolitans occupied in the UOC-MP was therefore considered vacant by the UOC-MP.[77] On 15 December, the UOC-MP declared it did not recognize the OCU.[78] On 17 December, the synod of the UOC-MP elected a new Metropolitan of Vinnitsa and Bar to replace Metropolitan Simeon,[79][80] declared the OCU schismatic[81] and banned from religious service Metropolitans Simeon and Alexander.[81][82][83][84] The UOC-MP also declared "the Ukrainian Orthodox Church [of the Moscow Patriarchate] still remains the true Church of Christ in Ukraine".[85][84]

UOC-MP members joining the OCU
Main article: https://uk.wikipedia.org/Перехід церковних громад з УПЦ (МП) до УПЦ КП і ПЦУЗ УПЦ (МП) до ПЦУ

Following the formation of the OCU, some communities of the UOC-MP joined the OCU (uk). On 16 December 2018, the parish of Metropolitan Simeon joined the OCU.[86][87] Simeon was one of the bishops of the UOC-MP who had taken part in the unification council. On 17 December, the parish of the village of Shishkivtsi, composed of 100 people and their priest, joined the OCU.[88] Also on 17 December 2018, it was reported that the Federal Security Service of Russia, along with members of the Moscow Patriarchate, had created mobile groups to prevent communities in Ukraine from switching from the UOC-MP to the OCU. These groups are present in each diocese of the UOC-MP and are composed of a lawyer and several sporty men.[89][90] On 19 December, the parish of bishop Alexander Drabinko joined the OCU. Alexander was one of the bishops of the UOC-MP who had taken part in the unification council.[91][92] On the same day, three parishes of Vinnytsia joined the OCU.[93] On 21 December, a parish of a Transcarpatian village joined the OCU.[94][95] On 22 December, the largest UOC-MP parish of the Lviv oblast, the parish of Zhovkva, joined the OCU.[96][97] On the same day, the parish of Trybukhivtsi in the Buchach region joined the OCU.[98] On 23 December, the Temple of the Icon of the Mother of God of the Afflicted, located in the Vinnytsia Regional Psychobiological Dispensary, joined the OCU.[99] On 24 December, it was reported that the three parishes in the Lviv oblast of the villages of Peschany, Verchany (Stryi district), and Ugniv (Sokal district) joined the OCU.[100] On 25 December, the parish of the village of Dobrogorshcha in Khmelnytskyi joined the OCU.[101] This church later received threats from the UOC-MP.[102] On 26 December, it was reported that six other parishes of Vinnytsia had joined the OCU.[103] On the same day, a UOC-MP community of Ternopil joined the OCU. It was the first time an UOC-MP community from Ternopil joined the OCU.[104] As of 26 December 2018, according to the OCU, more that 20 communities in Vinnytsia had joined the OCU.[105][106] Also on 26 December, an interactive map to document all the highlighted cases in which communities went from the UOC-MP to the OCU was published by the Religious Information Service of Ukraine.[107] On 27 December, a parish of Khmelnytskyi joined the OCU,[108] as well as one parish in Vinnytsia.[109] Also on 27 December, Metropolitan Sofroni of Cherkasy and Kaniv declared in an interview that he had left the UOC-MP, but that he would not join the OCU as he considered the charter of the OCU did not grant enough independence to the OCU.[110][111]

Russian Orthodox Church

On 15 December, after the election of Epiphanius at the unification council, archpriest Nikolay Balashov, deputy head of the Moscow Patriarchate Department for External Church Relations, told Interfax that this election "means nothing" for the Russian Orthodox Church.[112] After the unification council, the Patriarch of Moscow sent a letter to the primates of all the autocephalous local Orthodox churches (but not to the Ecumenical Patriarchate nor to the OCU), urging them not to recognize the OCU and that "there was no unification. The schismatics were and still are outside the Church."[113] On 30 December 2018, the synod of the ROC declared the unification council of the OCU "uncanonical" and appealed to the primates and synods of the other local Orthodox churches not to recognize the OCU.[114]

Ecumenical Patriarchate

The Ecumenical Patriarchate sent a letter to the primates of the autocephalous Orthodox churches to ask them to recognize the OCU.[115][116]

On Sunday 16 December 2018, the next day after the election of Epiphanius as primate of the OCU, the Ecumenical Patriarch commemorated him during a Divine Liturgy, along with the other primates of the other Orthodox churches.[117]

Other Orthodox churches

According to Orthodoxia.info, the Orthodox churches of Jerusalem, Georgia, Romania and Albania will recognize the OCU.[118]

The churches of Antioch, Serbia, Poland and of the Czech Lands and Slovakia will likely not recognize the OCU.[118]

The future positions of the churches of Alexandria, Bulgaria, Cyprus and of Greece are difficult to foresee.[118]

From outside of Eastern Orthodoxy

Catholic churches

The head of the Conference of Roman Catholic Bishops of Ukraine congratulated Epiphanius on his election in the name of the Roman Catholic bishops of Ukraine.[119]

Major Archbishop Shevchuk of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (UGCC) congratulated the Orthodox Ukrainians on the formation of the OCU and said it was a "historic moment for Christians in Ukraine".[120][121] On 18 December, Shevchuck sent a letter of congratulation, in the name of the UGCC and in his own name, to Metropolitan Epiphanius and said the election of Epiphanius was "God's gift on the way to the complete unity of the churches of Volodymyr's Baptism".[122][123][124]

Protestant churches

Concerning the formation of the OCU, the Seventh-day Adventist Church "takes a positive stance towards all the movements and activities that have served the unification of people, the search for ways of peaceful coexistence and understanding".[125]

See also

References

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