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{{Short description|Teaching aid in cardiac physiology}}
{{Short description|Teaching aid in cardiac physiology}}
[[File:Wiggers Diagram 2.svg|thumb|290px|A Wiggers diagram modified from <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Mitchell |first=Jamie R. |last2=Wang |first2=Jiun, Jr |date=2014-06-01 |title=Expanding application of the Wiggers diagram to teach cardiovascular physiology |journal=Advances in Physiology Education |volume=38 |issue=2 |pages=170–175 |doi=10.1152/advan.00123.2013 |issn=1043-4046 |pmc=4056172 |pmid=24913453}}</ref>]]
[[File:Wiggers Diagram 2.svg|thumb|290px|A Wiggers diagram modified from <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Mitchell |first=Jamie R. |last2=Wang |first2=Jiun, Jr |date=2014-06-01 |title=Expanding application of the Wiggers diagram to teach cardiovascular physiology |journal=Advances in Physiology Education |volume=38 |issue=2 |pages=170–175 |doi=10.1152/advan.00123.2013 |issn=1043-4046 |pmc=4056172 |pmid=24913453}}</ref>]]
A '''Wiggers diagram''', named after its developer, [[Carl J. Wiggers|Carl Wiggers]], is a unique diagram that has been used in teaching [[cardiovascular physiology|cardiac physiology]] for more than a century.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wiggers |first=Carl |title=Circulation in Health and Disease |publisher=Lea & Febiger |year=1915 |location=Philadelphia, PA}}</ref><ref name=":0"/> In the Wiggers diagram, the X-axis is used to plot time subdivided into the cardiac phases, while the Y-axis typically contains the following on a single grid:
A '''Wiggers diagram''', named after its developer, [[Carl J. Wiggers|Carl Wiggers]], is a unique diagram that has been used in teaching [[cardiovascular physiology|cardiac physiology]] for more than a century. How Dr. Wiggers developed this diagram is an historical enigma. Wikipedia is rich with sources that show Dr. Wiggers visiting Dr. '''Otto Frank''' in 1912. It is well known Dr Wiggers departed in the Fall of 1912 to return to the USA. {{Cite book |last=Wiggers |first=Carl |title=Circulation in Health and Disease |publisher=Lea & Febiger |year=1915 |location=Philadelphia, PA}}</ref><ref name=":0"/> In the Wiggers diagram, the X-axis is used to plot time subdivided into the cardiac phases, while the Y-axis typically contains the following on a single grid:
* [[Blood pressure]]
* [[Blood pressure]]
** [[Aortic]] pressure
** [[Aortic]] pressure

Revision as of 00:24, 19 September 2022

A Wiggers diagram modified from [1]

A Wiggers diagram, named after its developer, Carl Wiggers, is a unique diagram that has been used in teaching cardiac physiology for more than a century. How Dr. Wiggers developed this diagram is an historical enigma. Wikipedia is rich with sources that show Dr. Wiggers visiting Dr. Otto Frank in 1912. It is well known Dr Wiggers departed in the Fall of 1912 to return to the USA. Wiggers, Carl (1915). Circulation in Health and Disease. Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger.</ref>[1] In the Wiggers diagram, the X-axis is used to plot time subdivided into the cardiac phases, while the Y-axis typically contains the following on a single grid:

The Wiggers diagram clearly illustrates the coordinated variation of these values as the heart beats, assisting one in understanding the entire cardiac cycle.[1]

Events

Phase EKG Heart sounds Semilunar valves Atrioventricular valves
A Atrial systole P S4* closed open
B Ventricular systole – Isovolumetric/isovolumic contraction QRS S1 ("lub") closed closed
C1 Ventricular systole – Ejection 1 – open closed
C2 Ventricular systole – Ejection 2 T open closed
D Ventricular diastole – Isovolumetric/isovolumic relaxation – S2 ("dub") closed closed
E1 Ventricular diastole – Ventricular filling 1 – S3* closed open
E2 Ventricular diastole – Ventricular filling 2 – closed open

Note that during isovolumetric/isovolumic contraction and relaxation, all the heart valves are closed; at no time are all the heart valves open.[1] *S3 and S4 heart sounds are associated with pathologies and are not routinely heard.

Additional images

  • Ventricular systole
    Ventricular systole
  • Cardiac diastole
    Cardiac diastole
  • ECG
    ECG
  • The EKG complex. P=P wave, PR=PR interval, QRS=QRS complex, QT=QT interval, ST=ST segment, T=T wave
    The EKG complex. P=P wave, PR=PR interval, QRS=QRS complex, QT=QT interval, ST=ST segment, T=T wave
  • Wiggers with jugular venous waveform
    Wiggers with jugular venous waveform

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d Mitchell, Jamie R.; Wang, Jiun, Jr (2014-06-01). "Expanding application of the Wiggers diagram to teach cardiovascular physiology". Advances in Physiology Education. 38 (2): 170–175. doi:10.1152/advan.00123.2013. ISSN 1043-4046. PMC 4056172. PMID 24913453.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)


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