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Revision as of 18:10, 12 November 2022

For other storms of the same name, see Tropical Storm Nicole.
Hurricane Nicole
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS/NWS)
Hurricane Nicole shortly before landfall in eastern Florida on November 10
FormedNovember 7, 2022
DissipatedPresent
(Extratropical after November 11)
Highest winds1-minute sustained: 75 mph (120 km/h)
Lowest pressure980 mbar (hPa); 28.94 inHg
Fatalities11 total
Damage> $500 million (2022 USD)
Areas affectedDominican Republic, Puerto Rico, The Bahamas, Southeastern United States
Part of the 2022 Atlantic hurricane season

Hurricane Nicole was a sprawling late-season Category 1 hurricane in November 2022. The fourteenth named storm and eighth hurricane of the 2022 Atlantic hurricane season, Nicole formed as a subtropical cyclone on November 7, from a non-tropical area of low pressure near the Greater Antilles, and transitioned into a tropical cyclone the following day. On November 9, the storm made landfall on Great Abaco and on Grand Bahama in The Bahamas, where it strengthened into a Category 1 hurricane. On November 10, it made landfall twice in Florida, south of Vero Beach and then northwest of Cedar Key, after briefly emerging over the Gulf of Mexico. Nicole then weakened to a depression while moving over the Florida Panhandle and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on November 11.

Nicole became only the third November hurricane on record to make landfall in Florida, along with the 1935 Yankee hurricane and Hurricane Kate in 1985.[1] Nicole crossed the same region in Florida devastated six weeks earlier by Hurricane Ian, and was the first hurricane to make landfall on Florida's east coast since Katrina in 2005. Eleven deaths altogether have been connected to the storm, six in the Dominican Republic and five in the United States.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On November 4, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) began monitoring the northeastern Caribbean Sea and southwestern Atlantic Ocean where a large non-tropical low-pressure system was expected to develop within a few days.[2] On November 5, an area of low pressure producing disorganized showers and thunderstorms developed just north of Puerto Rico.[3] Benefiting from the inflow of moist tropical air from the Caribbean Sea and very warm 83 °F (28.5 °C) sea surface temperatures, the disturbance was soon exhibiting some subtropical characteristics,[4] and gradually becoming better organized. This trend continued, and it was classified as Subtropical Storm Nicole at 09:00 UTC on November 7.[5] The following morning, inner-core convection within the system improved and the radius of its maximum winds contracted, indicating that Nicole had transitioned into a tropical cyclone.[6] At 16:55 UTC on November 9, Nicole made landfall at Marsh Harbour, Great Abaco Island, Bahamas, with sustained winds of 70 mph (110 km/h).[7] Several hours later, the storm strengthened into a Category 1 hurricane while simultaneously making landfall on Grand Bahama with sustained winds of 75 mph (120 km/h).[8] At 08:00 UTC the following morning, Nicole made landfall on North Hutchinson Island, just south of Vero Beach, Florida, with 75 mph (120 km/h) winds.[9] Nicole then weakened to a tropical storm inland, as it moved across Central Florida. Later that day, its center briefly emerged over the Gulf of Mexico, north of Tampa, before moving onshore again northwest of Cedar Key, in Florida's Big Bend region.[10] The storm then continued to weaken, being downgraded to a tropical depression six hours later.[11] At 21:00 UTC on November 11, the Weather Prediction Center noted that Nicole has transitioned into a post-tropical cyclone.[12]

Preparations

Bahamas

In preparation, the government of the Bahamas issued hurricane and tropical storm warnings, as well as watches, for the northwestern Bahamas. Additionally, temporary shelters were opened at multiple locations on Grand Bahama and the Abaco Islands.[13] Several hundred people took refuge in them as the storm approached.[14]

United States

Florida

Florida governor Ron DeSantis declared a state of emergency on November 7, covering 34 counties, including Miami-Dade, Broward, and Palm Beach.[15] President Joe Biden declared an emergency in Florida on November 9, and ordered that federal assistance be provided to state, tribal and local governments to alleviate the impacts of the approaching storm.[14] Tropical storm and hurricane watches, as well as warnings are in effect for the southern portion of Florida, as well as storm surge watches.[16]

Multiple schools were closed throughout several counties,[17] Several Central Florida theme parks, such as SeaWorld Orlando and Busch Gardens Tampa Bay announced that they would be closed on November 10, due to the storm; Universal Orlando and Walt Disney World both expressed the hope to be able to open at some point during the day.[18] The November 10 start date of the Pelican Women's Championship golf tournament at Belleair (west of Tampa), was postponed due to the storm's approach, and the event shortened to 54 holes.[19] A Veterans Day parade was cancelled in Jacksonville,[20] as was a ceremony in Hillsborough County.[21] Officials at the Kennedy Space Center delayed the launch of NASA's Artemis 1 by two days, until November 16. The rocket remained on the launchpad during the storm.[22]

The region's major airports: Palm Beach, Daytona Beach and Orlando, suspended operations while Nicole passed through. Local officials issued mandatory evacuation orders for residents of barrier islands, low-lying areas and mobile homes.[1]

Other states

Storm surge and tropical storm watches as well as Tropical Cyclone Statements were issued for southeast Georgia.[23] Tropical storm warnings as well as watches were issued off the coast of South Carolina.[24] Coastal flooding warnings were issued in advance.[25] A severe weather advisory and flash flood warning were issued for several counties in North Carolina.[26][27]

Impact

Fatalities and monetary damage
Country Deaths Damage
(USD)
The Bahamas 0 Unknown
United States 5[28] >$500 million[29]
Dominican Republic 6[30] Unknown
Total:0 11 >$500 million

Lesser Antilles

Nicole's precursor disturbance brought heavy rains to several islands of the Lesser Antilles, causing floods and landslides. Impacted were: Dominica,[31] Saint Lucia,[30] and Guadeloupe, still recovering from the passage of Hurricane Fiona several weeks prior.[32] Antigua and Barbuda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, along with the British Virgin Islands also saw heavy rain. No major storm damage or loss of life was reported.[33][34]

Greater Antilles

Torrential rains of 4–8 in (100–200 mm) fell on Puerto Rico on November 4–6. Similar rain totals were reported in the Dominican Republic.[4] Some locations around the capital, Santo Domingo, received up to 9.1 in (232 mm); at least six people were killed by the storm.[30] Additionally, several hundred homes were damaged and the country's agricultural sector was adversely impacted.[35]

Bahamas

Flooding and storm surge inundated Grand Bahama, Great Abaco, and New Providence, among other islands. Also, downed trees and power outages were reported across the northwestern Bahamas.[1][36]

United States

Florida

Hurricane Nicole making landfall south of Vero Beach, Florida

Nicole brought major storm surge flooding to Florida's east coast. Nearly 50 coastal condominiums, single-family homes and hotels in Volusia County, previously damaged by Hurricane Ian six weeks earlier, collapsed or were put at danger of collapsing due to severe beach erosion caused by the two storms.[37] Additionally, in St. Johns County, the surging ocean damaged a 6-to-7 mi-long (9.7-to-11.3 km) section of State Road A1A and swamped parts of St. Augustine.[38] Significant damage to the A1A also occurred in neighboring Flagler County.[21] An initial cost estimate of property damage in Volusia and Flagler counties combined exceeds $500 million.[29]

There were five deaths in Florida as a result of Nicole. Two people were killed after being electrocuted by downed power lines in Conway.[39] Two people were killed in a crash on Florida's Turnpike.[40] Another person was found dead in Cocoa on a yacht.[28]

Winds near hurricane strength were recorded at multiple weather stations as Nicole came ashore, including: 75 mph (121 km/h) at Port St. John and 72 mph (116 km/h) at Melbourne; and inland, a wind gust of 66 mph (106 km/h) was recorded at Orlando. The highest wind gust, 100 mph (160 km/h), was recorded atop launchpad 39B at the Kennedy Space Center, where Artemis 1 was on the pad.[41]

Human remains at what is believed to be a Native American burial ground on South Hutchinson Island were unearthed by storm erosion.[42]

Much of Florida experienced heavy rains, gusty winds and power outages as Nicole moved across the state. More than 300,000 homes and businesses lost power statewide.[43]

Other states

Nicole, along with a Cold front brought rain to much of Tennessee.[44] Portions of North Carolina and Virginia were out under a tornado warning on November 11.[45] The storm caused heavy rainfall in the Southeastern and Northeastern United States.[46] Between New York and New Jersey, 900 customers lost power.[47]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Frisaro, Freida; Coto, Dánica (November 9, 2022). "Tropical Storm Nicole forces evacuations in Bahamas, Florida". ABC News. Retrieved November 9, 2022.
  2. ^ Reinhart, Brad (November 4, 2022). Five-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National hurricane Center. Retrieved November 8, 2022.
  3. ^ Papin, Philippe (November 6, 2022). Two-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National hurricane Center. Retrieved November 8, 2022.
  4. ^ a b Masters, Jeff (November 6, 2022). "Flooding, heavy rains to sock the Bahamas and Florida this week". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved November 8, 2022.
  5. ^ Berg, Robbie (November 7, 2022). Subtropical Storm Nicole Discussion Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 7, 2022.
  6. ^ Brown, Daniel (November 8, 2022). Tropical Storm Nicole Discussion Number 6 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 8, 2022.
  7. ^ Beven, Jack (November 9, 2022). Tropical Storm Nicole Tropical Cyclone Update (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 9, 2022.
  8. ^ Roberts, Dave (November 9, 2022). Hurricane Nicole Tropical Cyclone Update...Corrected (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 9, 2022.
  9. ^ Bucci, Lisa; Reinhart, Brad (November 10, 2022). Hurricane Nicole Tropical Cyclone Update (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  10. ^ Beven, Jack (November 10, 2022). Tropical Storm Nicole Discussion Number 15 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  11. ^ Pasch, Richard (November 10, 2022). Tropical Storm Nicole Discussion Number 16 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  12. ^ Carbin, Greg (November 11, 2022). Post-Tropical Cyclone Nicole Advisory Number 19 (Report). College Park, Maryland: Weather Prediction Center. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
  13. ^ Jones, Judson; Williams-Ward, Jasper; Diaz, Johnny (November 8, 2022). "Tropical Storm Nicole Forecast to Become Hurricane as It Nears Florida". The New York Times. Retrieved November 8, 2022.
  14. ^ a b Frisaro, Frieda; Coto, Dánica (November 9, 2022). "Northwestern Bahamas begins evacuations as Tropical Storm Nicole approaches, Florida prepares". PBS News Hour. Associated Press. Retrieved November 9, 2022.
  15. ^ Ortiz, Omar Rodríguez (November 8, 2022). "Gov. DeSantis issues emergency declaration for 34 counties ahead of storm Nicole". Miami Herald. Retrieved November 9, 2022.
  16. ^ McCloud, Cheryl (November 7, 2022). "Hurricane, storm surge watches issued as Subtropical Storm Nicole targets Florida". The Palm Beach Post. Retrieved November 7, 2022.
  17. ^ "LIST: Florida school closures ahead of Tropical Storm Nicole". Orlando, Florida: WRBW. November 8, 2022. Retrieved November 8, 2022.
  18. ^ Niles, Robert (November 9, 2022). "Nicole Closes Florida Theme Parks". Theme Park Insider. Retrieved November 9, 2022.
  19. ^ "2022 Pelican Women's Championship Shortened to 54 Holes". lpga.com. November 9, 2022. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  20. ^ "Jacksonville's Veterans Day Parade cancelled due to Tropical Storm Nicole". Jacksonville, Florida: WTLV. November 8, 2022. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  21. ^ a b Chesnes, Matt (November 10, 2022). "Thursday live updates: Tropical Storm Nicole sloshing into the Tampa Bay area". Tampa Bay Times. Tampa, Florida. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  22. ^ Wall, Mike (November 8, 2022). "NASA delays Artemis 1 moon launch to Nov. 16 due to Tropical Storm Nicole". space.com. Retrieved November 8, 2022.
  23. ^ Nelson, Jeremy (2022-11-08). "Nicole strengthens to tropical storm as it advances toward Coastal Georgia, Lowcountry". WJCL. Retrieved 2022-11-08.
  24. ^ "Tropical storm warnings issued along South Carolina coast ahead of Nicole late week". South Carolina Public Radio. 2022-11-07. Retrieved 2022-11-08.
  25. ^ Master's, Jeff (November 8, 2022). "Tropical Storm Nicole intensifying as it heads towards the Bahamas and Florida". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved November 9, 2022.
  26. ^ Inc, WeatherWX com, Find Local. "Raleigh North Carolina Weather Warnings, Advisories and Alerts". WeatherWX.com. Retrieved 2022-11-10. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  27. ^ Inc, WeatherWX com, Find Local. "Asheville North Carolina Weather Warnings, Advisories and Alerts". WeatherWX.com. Retrieved 2022-11-10. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  28. ^ a b Gabriel, Angeli (November 10, 2022). "5 deaths in Florida attributed to Nicole, officials say". FOX Weather. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
  29. ^ a b "How much damage did Hurricane Nicole create in Florida? Estimates already above $500 million". Orlando, Florida: WRBW. November 11, 2022. Retrieved November 12, 2022.
  30. ^ a b c Davies, Richard (November 8, 2022). "Dominican Republic – Deadly Floods Hit Santo Domingo". floodlist.com. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
  31. ^ "Flooding reported on east coast due to heavy rain (with more photos and videos)". Dominica News Online. Roseau, Dominica. November 6, 2022. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
  32. ^ "Guadeloupe : rivières en crues au sud de Basse-Terre, à la Une de l'Info Outre-mer". la1ere.francetvinfo.fr (in French). Retrieved November 11, 2022.
  33. ^ Hurtado, Aleynes Palacios (November 9, 2022). "Storm Nicole caused no serious damage in Antigua and Barbuda". Prensa Latina. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
  34. ^ "TS Nicole hauls heavy rainfall across Antigua and Barbuda; islands spared serious damage". The Daily Observer. St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda. November 8, 2022. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
  35. ^ Buschschlüter, Vanessa (November 7, 2022). "Dominican Republic floods: At least six killed in rains". BBC News. Retrieved November 9, 2022.
  36. ^ "Bahamas, USA – Tropical cyclone NICOLE, update". Brussels, Belgium: ECHO. ReliefWeb. November 10, 2022. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  37. ^ Schneider, Mike; Frisaro, Freida (November 10, 2022). "Tropical Storm Nicole sends beachfront homes into ocean". ABC News. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  38. ^ Maxwell, Anne; McLean, Joe (November 10, 2022). "Flooding saturates coastal areas of St. Augustine; damaged portion of A1A reopens". Jacksonville, Florida: WJXT. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
  39. ^ "2 killed after being shocked by fallen power line in Orange County, Florida, deputies say". Orlando, Florida: WOFL. November 10, 2022. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  40. ^ "FHP: Poinciana tow truck driver killed in early-morning Turnpike crash in Orange County". Kissimmee, Florida. November 10, 2022. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  41. ^ Speck, Emilee (November 10, 2022). "How strong were Hurricane Nicole's wind gusts in Orlando and across Central Florida?". Orlando, Florida: WRBW. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
  42. ^ Shapiro, Emily (2022-11-10). "Tropical Storm Nicole unearths remains believed to be from Native American burial ground". ABC News. Retrieved 2022-11-10.
  43. ^ Schneider, Mike; Frisaro, Freida (November 11, 2022). "From Georgia to Canada, Nicole douses eastern US in rain". Lynchberg, VirginiaNovember 12, 2022: WSET.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  44. ^ "Middle Tennessee weather: Rain from Hurricane Nicole and ... snow tonight?". The Tennessean. Retrieved 2022-11-12.
  45. ^ TORNADO WATCH: Nicole brings rain and severe weather potential to Central Virginia ABC 13 News, November 11, 2022
  46. ^ Salahieh, Nouran (2022-11-12). "Nicole becomes post-tropical cyclone, brings rain to Northeast after leaving a trail of destruction in Florida". CNN. Retrieved 2022-11-12.
  47. ^ https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/live-updates/new-york-new-jersey-connecticut-weather-nicole/
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