Glyn Johns: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Content deleted Content added
revising multiple page citations to conform to Wiki norm
Line 42: Line 42:
In 1959, Johns began his career as an as an assistant [[Audio engineer|engineer]] at [[IBC Studios]] on [[Portland Place]] in London.{{sfnm|1a1=R&R HOF|2a1=Johns|2y=2014|2pp=xvi, 13}} IBC was an independent recording studio and had no affiliation with a label.{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1p=13|2a1=Walsh|2y=2014}} Johns' early duties included odd tasks and providing basic support for the experienced engineers. His first session was for [[Lonnie Donegan]].{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1p=13|2a1=Fulgham|2y=2015}}
In 1959, Johns began his career as an as an assistant [[Audio engineer|engineer]] at [[IBC Studios]] on [[Portland Place]] in London.{{sfnm|1a1=R&R HOF|2a1=Johns|2y=2014|2pp=xvi, 13}} IBC was an independent recording studio and had no affiliation with a label.{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1p=13|2a1=Walsh|2y=2014}} Johns' early duties included odd tasks and providing basic support for the experienced engineers. His first session was for [[Lonnie Donegan]].{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1p=13|2a1=Fulgham|2y=2015}}


At the time IBC had a busy schedule. According to Johns, coats and ties were required to be worn by recording engineers (and white lab coats for technical engineers). Most recordings were done then in mono (except for classical music).{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=20}} During Johns' first year at IBC, the popularity of [[rock and roll]] increased and demand for records that sounded more American.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=18}} Engineers were confronted with the challenge of capturing louder music.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=20}} Younger engineers were more apt to try new approaches, and Terry Johnson, another young engineer at IBC, convinced Johns to move in this direction.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=18}} Johns recounts that [[Jack Good (producer)|Jack Good]], one of the UK's early successful television rock and roll producers, made regular use of IBC Studios, and did many of his recordings with Johns and Johnson engineering sessions.{{sfn|Johns|2014|pp=21–22}} They engineered pre-recorded tracks for the ''[[Oh Boy! (TV series)|Oh Boy!]]'' television programme, which featured leading British rock and roll performers of the day, such as [[Joe Brown (singer)|Joe Brown]], [[Marty Wilde]], [[Billy Fury]], [[Wee Willie Harris]], and others.{{sfn|Johns|2014|pp=21–22}}
At the time IBC had a busy schedule. According to Johns, coats and ties were required to be worn by recording engineers (and white lab coats for technical engineers). Most recordings were done then in mono (except for classical music).{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=20}} During Johns' first year at IBC, the popularity of [[rock and roll]] increased and demand for records that sounded more American.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=18}} Engineers were confronted with the challenge of capturing louder music.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=20}} Younger engineers were more apt to try new approaches, and Terry Johnson, another young engineer at IBC, convinced Johns to move in this direction.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=18}} Johns recounts that [[Jack Good (producer)|Jack Good]], one of the UK's early successful television rock and roll producers, made regular use of IBC Studios, and did many of his recordings with Johns and Johnson engineering sessions.{{sfn|Johns|2014|pp=21–2}} They engineered pre-recorded tracks for the ''[[Oh Boy! (TV series)|Oh Boy!]]'' television programme, which featured leading British rock and roll performers of the day, such as [[Joe Brown (singer)|Joe Brown]], [[Marty Wilde]], [[Billy Fury]], [[Wee Willie Harris]], and others.{{sfn|Johns|2014|pp=21–2}}


In the early 1960s, Johns was signed to [[Decca Records]] as a solo musical performing artist at the urging of Jack Good.{{sfn|Johns|2014|pp=24–25}} There Johns cut three [[45 rpm record|singles]]{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=24}}—the first produced by Jack Good{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=25}} and the last two produced by Tony Meehan.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=49}}
In the early 1960s, Johns was signed to [[Decca Records]] as a solo musical performing artist at the urging of Jack Good.{{sfn|Johns|2014|pp=24–5}} There Johns cut three [[45 rpm record|singles]]{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=24}}—the first produced by Jack Good{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=25}} and the last two produced by Tony Meehan.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=49}}


During this time, Johns was playing in the Presidents, who began to put the phrase "Featuring Decca Recording Star Glyn Johns" on their posters. Johns realized that he could invite musicians to IBC on Sundays, when the studio was not booking sessions — letting musicians play in the sound room whilst he honed his engineering and producing skills at the console.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=25}} The makeshift sessions attracted many of the best young musicians in London, such as [[Jimmy Page]], Ian Stewart, [[Alexis Korner]], [[Brian Jones]], and [[Nicky Hopkins]].{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=25}} Johns first session as chief engineer was for Joe Brown, which was produced by Tony Hatch.{{sfn|Johns|2014|pp=28–29}}{{efn|The chief engineer (or balance engineer) is usually an experienced engineer who (often under the producer) supervises studio crew and critical aspects of the recording process. Amongst various tasks during recording sessions, the chief engineer operates equipment in the control room that requires complicated settings, such as the recording console, outboard equipment/signal processing. The chief engineer will usually set the preliminary levels (pre-mix) during the recordings. The chief engineer will often do the later final mix, but sometimes another engineer is chosen for the final mix.}} In 1962, Johns entered into an arrangement with George Clouston, the manager at IBC studios, to let him produce records by certain artists.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=41}}
During this time, Johns was playing in the Presidents, who began to put the phrase "Featuring Decca Recording Star Glyn Johns" on their posters. Johns realized that he could invite musicians to IBC on Sundays, when the studio was not booking sessions — letting musicians play in the sound room whilst he honed his engineering and producing skills at the console.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=25}} The makeshift sessions attracted many of the best young musicians in London, such as [[Jimmy Page]], Ian Stewart, [[Alexis Korner]], [[Brian Jones]], and [[Nicky Hopkins]].{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=25}} Johns first session as chief engineer was for Joe Brown, which was produced by Tony Hatch.{{sfn|Johns|2014|pp=28–9}}{{efn|The chief engineer (or balance engineer) is usually an experienced engineer who (often under the producer) supervises studio crew and critical aspects of the recording process. Amongst various tasks during recording sessions, the chief engineer operates equipment in the control room that requires complicated settings, such as the recording console, outboard equipment/signal processing. The chief engineer will usually set the preliminary levels (pre-mix) during the recordings. The chief engineer will often do the later final mix, but sometimes another engineer is chosen for the final mix.}} In 1962, Johns entered into an arrangement with George Clouston, the manager at IBC studios, to let him produce records by certain artists.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=41}}


====The Rolling Stones 1962–3====
====The Rolling Stones 1962–3====
Line 79: Line 79:
Though Johns briefly ceased recording the Rolling Stones in late 1963 and 1964, in 1965 he returned to the role on their British sessions and assisted the group with much of their most famous material.{{efn|In the mid-1960s the Rolling Stones divided their recording time between the UK and the US. In 1965 and 1966 they were regularly booked at the RCA studios in Los Angeles with engineer [[Dave Hassinger]].{{sfn|Unterberger on Hassinger}} When doing sessions in London, they worked with Glyn Johns as engineer. At this time it was not unusual for their albums to include tracks recorded in both countries. Johns' return to working with the Rolling Stones the result of a coincidence.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=56}} One night while the group was laying down vocal overdubs at IBC, their producer Andrew Loog Oldham needed an engineer. Their regular engineer was not available and Johns happened to be on hand. Oldham asked Johns if he wished to do the session and he agreed. Johns and Oldham and got along well, and the session ran smoothly.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=56}} Oldham asked Johns if he wanted to continue engineering with them and Johns accepted.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=56}}}} With Johns that year they recorded "[[(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction]]"{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=81}} and the albums ''[[December's Children (And Everybody's)]]''{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1p=291|2a1=Alan|2y=2015}} and ''[[Out of Our Heads]]''.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=291}} Johns worked regularly with the Rolling Stones as engineer for the remainder of the decade and into the mid-1970s − from ''December's Children (And Everybody's)'' (1965) through to ''[[Black and Blue]]''.(1975){{sfn|Johns|2014|p=57, 217–219}} In 1966, Johns and [[Bill Wyman]] of the Rolling Stones formed Freeway Music, a management and production company.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=59}}
Though Johns briefly ceased recording the Rolling Stones in late 1963 and 1964, in 1965 he returned to the role on their British sessions and assisted the group with much of their most famous material.{{efn|In the mid-1960s the Rolling Stones divided their recording time between the UK and the US. In 1965 and 1966 they were regularly booked at the RCA studios in Los Angeles with engineer [[Dave Hassinger]].{{sfn|Unterberger on Hassinger}} When doing sessions in London, they worked with Glyn Johns as engineer. At this time it was not unusual for their albums to include tracks recorded in both countries. Johns' return to working with the Rolling Stones the result of a coincidence.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=56}} One night while the group was laying down vocal overdubs at IBC, their producer Andrew Loog Oldham needed an engineer. Their regular engineer was not available and Johns happened to be on hand. Oldham asked Johns if he wished to do the session and he agreed. Johns and Oldham and got along well, and the session ran smoothly.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=56}} Oldham asked Johns if he wanted to continue engineering with them and Johns accepted.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=56}}}} With Johns that year they recorded "[[(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction]]"{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=81}} and the albums ''[[December's Children (And Everybody's)]]''{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1p=291|2a1=Alan|2y=2015}} and ''[[Out of Our Heads]]''.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=291}} Johns worked regularly with the Rolling Stones as engineer for the remainder of the decade and into the mid-1970s − from ''December's Children (And Everybody's)'' (1965) through to ''[[Black and Blue]]''.(1975){{sfn|Johns|2014|p=57, 217–219}} In 1966, Johns and [[Bill Wyman]] of the Rolling Stones formed Freeway Music, a management and production company.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=59}}


Starting with the sessions for ''[[Between the Buttons]]'' in late 1966, Johns and the Rolling Stones began to record extensively at [[Olympic Studios]].{{sfn|Jury|2012}} Olympic Studios became Johns' preferred studio for many years.{{sfn|Johns|2014|pp=51-52}}{{efn|Johns particularly liked Olympic's Studio 1, whose sound room was converted from an old movie theater and whose acoustics were adaptable to the needs of various types of music, whether a rock band or a sixty-piece orchestra.{{sfn|Johns|2014|pp=51–52}} All of the control rooms at Olympic were equipped with custom recording consoles designed by Dick Swettenham.{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1p=52|2a1=Thomas|2y=2015}} At John's suggestion, Swettenham later went on to form [[Helios Electronics]] in 1969 (with record executive/entrepreneur [[Chris Blackwell]]).{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=71}} The company made recording consoles that were used on many recordings and are still renowned for their sound quality.{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1p=71|2a1=Thomas|2y=2015}}}} and it also became one of the most renowned recording facilities in England.{{sfn|Havers|2014}}
Starting with the sessions for ''[[Between the Buttons]]'' in late 1966, Johns and the Rolling Stones began to record extensively at [[Olympic Studios]].{{sfn|Jury|2012}} Olympic Studios became Johns' preferred studio for many years.{{sfn|Johns|2014|pp=51-2}}{{efn|Johns particularly liked Olympic's Studio 1, whose sound room was converted from an old movie theater and whose acoustics were adaptable to the needs of various types of music, whether a rock band or a sixty-piece orchestra.{{sfn|Johns|2014|pp=51–2}} All of the control rooms at Olympic were equipped with custom recording consoles designed by Dick Swettenham.{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1p=52|2a1=Thomas|2y=2015}} At John's suggestion, Swettenham later went on to form [[Helios Electronics]] in 1969 (with record executive/entrepreneur [[Chris Blackwell]]).{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=71}} The company made recording consoles that were used on many recordings and are still renowned for their sound quality.{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1p=71|2a1=Thomas|2y=2015}}}} and it also became one of the most renowned recording facilities in England.{{sfn|Havers|2014}}


In 1968 the Rolling Stones expressed the desire to work with an American producer and Johns recommended [[Jimmy Miller]], who he had seen working with [[Traffic (band)|Traffic]].{{sfn|Brown|2000}} Johns stayed on as engineer, and with this team the group recorded ''[[Beggars Banquet]]'' (1968),{{sfn|Walsh|2014}} ''[[Let It Bleed]].'' (1969),{{sfn|Walsh|2014}} Glyn Johns engineered some of the tracks on ''[[Sticky Fingers]]'' (1971),{{sfn|Hopkins|2021}} and ''[[Exile on Main St.]]'' (1972),{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=294}} both produced by Jimmy Miller. On these two albums his brother, [[Andy Johns]], also worked as an engineer.{{sfn|Johns|2014|pp=163, 181}}{{efn|While recording ''Sticky Fingers'' in 1971, Johns had to leave the sessions to handle commitments in [[Los Angeles]] and thus recommended his younger brother Andy Johns to assist the group with the album.{{sfn|Johns|2014|pp=163, 181}} The younger Johns had followed his brother's footsteps becoming an engineer,{{sfn|Danton|2013}} in the late 1960s under the tutelage of [[Eddie Kramer]] (while Kramer was recording Jimi Hendrix),{{sfn|Ward|2012}} and went on to work with artists such as the Rolling Stones, Led Zeppelin, [[Rod Stewart]], [[Jethro Tull (band)|Jethro Tull]], [[Television (band)|Television]], and [[Van Halen]].{{sfnm|1a1=Danton|1y=2013|2a1=Ward|2y=2012}}}} His brother engineered ''[[Goat's Head Soup]]'', the last Rolling Stones album produced by Jimmy Miller.{{sfn|Scoppa|2020}} Glyn Johns contributed to certain tracks on ''[[It's Only Rock 'n Roll]]'',{{sfn|Johns|2014|pp=214, 295–296}} and returned as chief recording engineer on the early sessions for ''[[Black and Blue]]''.{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1pp=219–220|2a1=Bensley|2y=2021}}{{efn|Though Mick Taylor had recently left the band, Johns was satisfied with first round of sessions in Munich, but became frustrated during the subsequent Rotterdam sessions, where tapings were constantly delayed whilst the group auditioned dozens of guitarists in search of a replacement for Taylor.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=219}} Following a bitter argument with [[Keith Richards]], Johns quit the sessions and ended his association with the Rolling Stones.{{sfn|Johns|2014|pp=219–220}}}}
In 1968 the Rolling Stones expressed the desire to work with an American producer and Johns recommended [[Jimmy Miller]], who he had seen working with [[Traffic (band)|Traffic]].{{sfn|Brown|2000}} Johns stayed on as engineer, and with this team the group recorded ''[[Beggars Banquet]]'' (1968),{{sfn|Walsh|2014}} ''[[Let It Bleed]].'' (1969),{{sfn|Walsh|2014}} Glyn Johns engineered some of the tracks on ''[[Sticky Fingers]]'' (1971),{{sfn|Hopkins|2021}} and ''[[Exile on Main St.]]'' (1972),{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=294}} both produced by Jimmy Miller. On these two albums his brother, [[Andy Johns]], also worked as an engineer.{{sfn|Johns|2014|pp=163, 181}}{{efn|While recording ''Sticky Fingers'' in 1971, Johns had to leave the sessions to handle commitments in [[Los Angeles]] and thus recommended his younger brother Andy Johns to assist the group with the album.{{sfn|Johns|2014|pp=163, 181}} The younger Johns had followed his brother's footsteps becoming an engineer,{{sfn|Danton|2013}} in the late 1960s under the tutelage of [[Eddie Kramer]] (while Kramer was recording Jimi Hendrix),{{sfn|Ward|2012}} and went on to work with artists such as the Rolling Stones, Led Zeppelin, [[Rod Stewart]], [[Jethro Tull (band)|Jethro Tull]], [[Television (band)|Television]], and [[Van Halen]].{{sfnm|1a1=Danton|1y=2013|2a1=Ward|2y=2012}}}} His brother engineered ''[[Goat's Head Soup]]'', the last Rolling Stones album produced by Jimmy Miller.{{sfn|Scoppa|2020}} Glyn Johns contributed to certain tracks on ''[[It's Only Rock 'n Roll]]'',{{sfn|Johns|2014|pp=214, 295–96}} and returned as chief recording engineer on the early sessions for ''[[Black and Blue]]''.{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1pp=219–20|2a1=Bensley|2y=2021}}{{efn|Though Mick Taylor had recently left the band, Johns was satisfied with first round of sessions in Munich, but became frustrated during the subsequent Rotterdam sessions, where tapings were constantly delayed whilst the group auditioned dozens of guitarists in search of a replacement for Taylor.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=219}} Following a bitter argument with [[Keith Richards]], Johns quit the sessions and ended his association with the Rolling Stones.{{sfn|Johns|2014|pp=219–20}}}}


====The Small Faces, the Faces, and Humble Pie====
====The Small Faces, the Faces, and Humble Pie====
In the 1960s, Johns engineered many of the records made by [[the Small Faces]],{{sfn|Staff at Goldmine|2015}} such as "[[Whatcha Gonna Do About It]]"{{sfn|Staff at Goldmine|2015}} "[[Tin Soldier (song)|Tin Soldier]]",{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1p=108|2a1=Mulholland|2y=2014}} their 1967 hit, "[[Itchycoo Park]]",{{sfn|Sexton|2022}} which featured the use of bizarre phasing effects.{{sfn|Mulholland|2014}}{{efn|Johns describes this effect as "phasing".{{sfn|Johns|2014|pp=202-203}} Johns learned this effect from another Olympic engineer, George Chkiantz.{{sfn|Johns|2014|203}}}} Johns engineered the Small Faces' 1968 LP, ''[[Ogdens' Nut Gone Flake]]''.{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1pp=108, 292|2a1=Walsh|2y=2014}} Glyn Johns remarked about the Small Faces:
In the 1960s, Johns engineered many of the records made by [[the Small Faces]],{{sfn|Staff at Goldmine|2015}} such as "[[Whatcha Gonna Do About It]]"{{sfn|Staff at Goldmine|2015}} "[[Tin Soldier (song)|Tin Soldier]]",{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1p=108|2a1=Mulholland|2y=2014}} their 1967 hit, "[[Itchycoo Park]]",{{sfn|Sexton|2022}} which featured the use of bizarre phasing effects.{{sfn|Mulholland|2014}}{{efn|Johns describes this effect as "phasing".{{sfn|Johns|2014|pp=202-3}} Johns learned this effect from another Olympic engineer, George Chkiantz.{{sfn|Johns|2014|203}}}} Johns engineered the Small Faces' 1968 LP, ''[[Ogdens' Nut Gone Flake]]''.{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1pp=108, 292|2a1=Walsh|2y=2014}} Glyn Johns remarked about the Small Faces:


{{blockquote|This was one hell of a band. They had a massive amount of energy that was unleashed on their audiences from the minute they hit the stage until they left. If they had ever made it to America, they would undoubtedly have been as successful as any of the British bands that took it by storm in the sixties. That was not to be, as they broke up in 1969 before ever going there.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=204}}}}
{{blockquote|This was one hell of a band. They had a massive amount of energy that was unleashed on their audiences from the minute they hit the stage until they left. If they had ever made it to America, they would undoubtedly have been as successful as any of the British bands that took it by storm in the sixties. That was not to be, as they broke up in 1969 before ever going there.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=204}}}}


After the group's breakup, guitarist and lead vocalist [[Steve Marriot]] formed [[Humble Pie (band)|Humble Pie]], whose membership included [[Peter Frampton]] — Johns produced engineered their third and fourth albums, ''[[Humble Pie (album)|Humble Pie]]''{{sfn|Bell|2018}} and ''[[Rock On (Humble Pie album)|Rock On]]''.{{sfn|Greenwald on Humble Pie}}{{efn|Glyn Johns' brother, Andy Johns, engineered Humble Pie's first two albums.{{sfn|Barker|2013}}}} The other former Small Faces, [[Ronnie Lane]], [[Ian McLagan]], and [[Kenney Jones]], joined with [[Rod Stewart]] to form [[Faces (band)|the Faces]], and Johns engineered and co-produced (with the band) the albums ''[[A Nod Is as Good as a Wink... to a Blind Horse]]''{{sfn|Giles on Faces|2016}}{{efn|Though not formally credited as producer or engineer on this album, his influence can be gauged from the message that follows the credits: "Thank you Glyn, you made all the difference." In his biography, Johns nonetheless maintains his role as engineer and co-producer.{{sfn|Johns|2014|pp=206, 294}}}} and ''[[Ooh La La (Faces album)|Ooh La La]]''.{{sfn|Zimmerman|2023}} During the 1970s, after leaving the Faces, Ronnie Lane worked on several projects including the ''[[Rough Mix]]'' album with [[Pete Townshend]], which was produced by Glyn Johns.{{sfn|Leviton|2020}} Lane began to experience health problems and was diagnosed with [[multiple sclerosis]].{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1pp=260–261|2a1=Reavis|2y=1986}} In 1983, Eric Clapton and Johns helped organize the [[ARMS Charity Concerts]] to raise money for Lane's medical bills and research for the disease−assembling a cast of musicians for the show, which included Clapton, Ian Stewart, [[Bill Wyman]], [[Charlie Watts]], [[Andy Fairweather Low]], [[Steve Winwood]] and others.{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1pp=260–261|2a1=Reavis|2y=1986}}
After the group's breakup, guitarist and lead vocalist [[Steve Marriot]] formed [[Humble Pie (band)|Humble Pie]], whose membership included [[Peter Frampton]] — Johns produced engineered their third and fourth albums, ''[[Humble Pie (album)|Humble Pie]]''{{sfn|Bell|2018}} and ''[[Rock On (Humble Pie album)|Rock On]]''.{{sfn|Greenwald on Humble Pie}}{{efn|Glyn Johns' brother, Andy Johns, engineered Humble Pie's first two albums.{{sfn|Barker|2013}}}} The other former Small Faces, [[Ronnie Lane]], [[Ian McLagan]], and [[Kenney Jones]], joined with [[Rod Stewart]] to form [[Faces (band)|the Faces]], and Johns engineered and co-produced (with the band) the albums ''[[A Nod Is as Good as a Wink... to a Blind Horse]]''{{sfn|Giles on Faces|2016}}{{efn|Though not formally credited as producer or engineer on this album, his influence can be gauged from the message that follows the credits: "Thank you Glyn, you made all the difference." In his biography, Johns nonetheless maintains his role as engineer and co-producer.{{sfn|Johns|2014|pp=206, 294}}}} and ''[[Ooh La La (Faces album)|Ooh La La]]''.{{sfn|Zimmerman|2023}} During the 1970s, after leaving the Faces, Ronnie Lane worked on several projects including the ''[[Rough Mix]]'' album with [[Pete Townshend]], which was produced by Glyn Johns.{{sfn|Leviton|2020}} Lane began to experience health problems and was diagnosed with [[multiple sclerosis]].{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1pp=260–61|2a1=Reavis|2y=1986}} In 1983, Eric Clapton and Johns helped organize the [[ARMS Charity Concerts]] to raise money for Lane's medical bills and research for the disease−assembling a cast of musicians for the show, which included Clapton, Ian Stewart, [[Bill Wyman]], [[Charlie Watts]], [[Andy Fairweather Low]], [[Steve Winwood]] and others.{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1pp=260–61|2a1=Reavis|2y=1986}}


====Led Zeppelin====
====Led Zeppelin====
[[File: Ledzeppelin.jpg|thumb|upright=0.83|Glyn Johns engineered [[Led Zeppelin]]'s debut album, released in 1969.]]
[[File: Ledzeppelin.jpg|thumb|upright=0.83|Glyn Johns engineered [[Led Zeppelin]]'s debut album, released in 1969.]]


Johns engineered [[Led Zeppelin]]'s, [[Led Zeppelin (album)|debut album]] recorded in October 1968. Though production credit was given to Jimmy Page, Johns was involved in the production during the making of the album.{{sfn|Spitz|2021|pp=144, 171-172}} According to Johns, when working on the album, by accident he developed his method of using three microphones to record drums for stereo recording.{{sfn|Johns|2014|pp=115–118}}
Johns engineered [[Led Zeppelin]]'s, [[Led Zeppelin (album)|debut album]] recorded in October 1968. Though production credit was given to Jimmy Page, Johns was involved in the production during the making of the album.{{sfn|Spitz|2021|pp=144, 171-172}} According to Johns, when working on the album, by accident he developed his method of using three microphones to record drums for stereo recording.{{sfn|Johns|2014|pp=115–18}}


====The Beatles====
====The Beatles====
Glyn Johns worked as the chief recording engineer on [[the Beatles]]' ([[Get Back sessions|''Get Back'' (''Let it Be'') sessions]]) which were both taped and filmed.{{sfn|Lewisohn|1988|pp=164-165}} In 1969, Paul McCartney called Johns and asked him to assist with sessions.{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1pp=120–131, 139–143|2a1=Runtagh|2y=2021|3a1=Lewisohn|3y=1988|3pp=164-165|4a1=Walsh|4y=2014}} George Martin, though officially listed as the producer, only made occasional appearances.{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1p=123|2a1=Golsen|2y=2022}} Johns was brought in primarily as an engineer, but he recounts that he ended up assisting the band with input on some of the arrangements.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=123}} During taping and shooting, [[John Lennon]] sometimes famously referred to him as "Glynis" (with reference to the actress [[Glynis Johns]]).{{sfnm|1a1=Lewisohn|1y=1988|1p=165|2a1=Beaumont|2y=2021}}
Glyn Johns worked as the chief recording engineer on [[the Beatles]]' ([[Get Back sessions|''Get Back'' (''Let it Be'') sessions]]) which were both taped and filmed.{{sfn|Lewisohn|1988|pp=164-65}} In 1969, Paul McCartney called Johns and asked him to assist with sessions.{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1pp=120–31, 139–43|2a1=Runtagh|2y=2021|3a1=Lewisohn|3y=1988|3pp=164-65|4a1=Walsh|4y=2014}} George Martin, though officially listed as the producer, only made occasional appearances.{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1p=123|2a1=Golsen|2y=2022}} Johns was brought in primarily as an engineer, but he recounts that he ended up assisting the band with input on some of the arrangements.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=123}} During taping and shooting, [[John Lennon]] sometimes famously referred to him as "Glynis" (with reference to the actress [[Glynis Johns]]).{{sfnm|1a1=Lewisohn|1y=1988|1p=165|2a1=Beaumont|2y=2021}}


According to Johns, he suggested that band play a brief concert on the rooftop of their [[Apple Studio]] facility, where much of the sessions were being recorded and filmed,{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=129}} and rigged the recording wires onto the rooftop connected to control room for the performance.{{sfn|Walsh|2014}} He also recommended that the album be structured as an "audio documentary" with talk and banter included between each track.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=129}} Johns helped them compile several versions of the album,{{sfn|Lewisohn|1988|pp=176, 196}} all of which got shelved,{{sfn|Lewisohn|1988|pp=176, 196-197}} before the project was eventually turned over to producer [[Phil Spector]] in 1970, who oversaw the final product, released as the album ''[[Let It Be (Beatles album)|Let It Be]]''.{{sfn|Lewisohn|1988|pp=197-199}}{{efn|Johns was critical of Spector's re-produced version, calling it "a syrupy load of bullshit."{{sfnm|1a1=Lewisohn|1y=1988|1p=199|The Independent|2014}}}}
According to Johns, he suggested that band play a brief concert on the rooftop of their [[Apple Studio]] facility, where much of the sessions were being recorded and filmed,{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=129}} and rigged the recording wires onto the rooftop connected to control room for the performance.{{sfn|Walsh|2014}} He also recommended that the album be structured as an "audio documentary" with talk and banter included between each track.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=129}} Johns helped them compile several versions of the album,{{sfn|Lewisohn|1988|pp=176, 196}} all of which got shelved,{{sfn|Lewisohn|1988|pp=176, 196-97}} before the project was eventually turned over to producer [[Phil Spector]] in 1970, who oversaw the final product, released as the album ''[[Let It Be (Beatles album)|Let It Be]]''.{{sfn|Lewisohn|1988|pp=197-99}}{{efn|Johns was critical of Spector's re-produced version, calling it "a syrupy load of bullshit."{{sfnm|1a1=Lewisohn|1y=1988|1p=199|The Independent|2014}}}}


Johns also engineered early recorded parts of the song "[[I Want You (She's So Heavy)]]" at [[Trident Studios]]{{sfn|Lewisohn|1988|pp=170}} on 23 February 1969, that in later finished form appeared on the ''[[Abbey Road]]'' album.{{sfn|Lewisohn|1988|pp=173-174, 186, 191-192}} For ''Abbey Road''{{'s}} remaining tracks, the group returned to [[Abbey Road Studios|EMI Studios]] and re-united with producer [[George Martin]] and a team of engineers including [[Geoff Emerick]], [[Phil McDonald]], [[Alan Parsons]].{{sfn|Lewisohn|1988|pp=173-192}}
Johns also engineered early recorded parts of the song "[[I Want You (She's So Heavy)]]" at [[Trident Studios]]{{sfn|Lewisohn|1988|p=170}} on 23 February 1969, that in later finished form appeared on the ''[[Abbey Road]]'' album.{{sfn|Lewisohn|1988|pp=173-74, 186, 191-92}} For ''Abbey Road''{{'s}} remaining tracks, the group returned to [[Abbey Road Studios|EMI Studios]] and re-united with producer [[George Martin]] and a team of engineers including [[Geoff Emerick]], [[Phil McDonald]], [[Alan Parsons]].{{sfn|Lewisohn|1988|pp=173-92}}


Johns also assisted with early sessions of [[Paul McCartney and Wings]]' ''[[Red Rose Speedway]]''.{{sfn|DeRiso|2018}}{{efn|Some sources mention Johns as the producer, but in his autobiography Johns does not take credit for that role, nor does the list at the end of the book credit him as producer. Johns quit the project due to what he describes as his lack of satisfaction with the material.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=192}}}}
Johns also assisted with early sessions of [[Paul McCartney and Wings]]' ''[[Red Rose Speedway]]''.{{sfn|DeRiso|2018}}{{efn|Some sources mention Johns as the producer, but in his autobiography Johns does not take credit for that role, nor does the list at the end of the book credit him as producer. Johns quit the project due to what he describes as his lack of satisfaction with the material.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=192}}}}
Line 108: Line 108:


====The Steve Miller Band, Bob Dylan, the Band, the Eagles====
====The Steve Miller Band, Bob Dylan, the Band, the Eagles====
In the late 1960s and 1970s, Johns was in demand on both sides of the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] and worked with American acts such as [[the Steve Miller Band]], and the [[Eagles (band)|Eagles]].{{sfn|Ankeny on Johns}} Johns recounts that he did his first work with an American act in 1968 with the Steve Miller Band, whom he had seen perform live at [[The Fillmore|the Fillmore]] in [[San Francisco]].{{sfn|Johns|2014|pp=98–99}} According to Johns, the group came to England to record their debut album, ''[[Children of the Future (album)|Children of the Future]]'', at Olympic with Johns as engineer.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=99}}
In the late 1960s and 1970s, Johns was in demand on both sides of the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] and worked with American acts such as [[the Steve Miller Band]], and the [[Eagles (band)|Eagles]].{{sfn|Ankeny on Johns}} Johns recounts that he did his first work with an American act in 1968 with the Steve Miller Band, whom he had seen perform live at [[The Fillmore|the Fillmore]] in [[San Francisco]].{{sfn|Johns|2014|pp=98–9}} According to Johns, the group came to England to record their debut album, ''[[Children of the Future (album)|Children of the Future]]'', at Olympic with Johns as engineer.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=99}}
During the sessions, Johns assumed the role of producer.{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1pp=101–102|2a1=Hanson on Miller}} Johns produced and engineered their next three albums, ''[[Sailor (album)|Sailor]],''{{sfn|Brown|1990|p=1225}} and ''[[Brave New World (Steve Miller Band album)|Brave New World]]''{{sfn|Ankeny on Johns}}, and ''[[Your Saving Grace]]''.{{sfn|Planer on Miller}}
During the sessions, Johns assumed the role of producer.{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1pp=101–2|2a1=Hanson on Miller}} Johns produced and engineered their next three albums, ''[[Sailor (album)|Sailor]],''{{sfn|Brown|1990|p=1225}} and ''[[Brave New World (Steve Miller Band album)|Brave New World]]''{{sfn|Ankeny on Johns}}, and ''[[Your Saving Grace]]''.{{sfn|Planer on Miller}}


At the request of producer [[Bob Johnston]],{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=154}} Johns engineered the live recordings of Bob Dylan's performance backed by [[the Band]] at the [[Isle of Wight Festival]] in 1969,{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1p=154|2a1=Walsh|2y=2014|3a1=Love|3y=2016}} some of which appeared on his 1970 ''[[Self Portrait (Bob Dylan album)|Self Portrait]]'' album.{{sfn|Walsh|2014}} He later produced and engineered Dylan's 1984 live album, ''[[Real Live]]''.{{sfn|Michaels|2014}} Johns also did one of the mixes for the Band's ''[[Stage Fright (album)|Stage Freight]]'' in 1970.{{sfnm|1a1=Chelstowski|1y=2021|2a1=Walsh|2y=2014}}{{efn|[[Todd Rundgren]] did another mix for the album. It has been debated which mix appeared on the first Capitol pressing of the album.{{sfn|Chelstowski|2021}}}}
At the request of producer [[Bob Johnston]],{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=154}} Johns engineered the live recordings of Bob Dylan's performance backed by [[the Band]] at the [[Isle of Wight Festival]] in 1969,{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1p=154|2a1=Walsh|2y=2014|3a1=Love|3y=2016}} some of which appeared on his 1970 ''[[Self Portrait (Bob Dylan album)|Self Portrait]]'' album.{{sfn|Walsh|2014}} He later produced and engineered Dylan's 1984 live album, ''[[Real Live]]''.{{sfn|Michaels|2014}} Johns also did one of the mixes for the Band's ''[[Stage Fright (album)|Stage Freight]]'' in 1970.{{sfnm|1a1=Chelstowski|1y=2021|2a1=Walsh|2y=2014}}{{efn|[[Todd Rundgren]] did another mix for the album. It has been debated which mix appeared on the first Capitol pressing of the album.{{sfn|Chelstowski|2021}}}}


[[File:Eagles in concert September 2014.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|Glyn Johns produced and engineered the [[Eagles (band)|Eagles]]' first three albums in the early- to mid- 1970s.]]
[[File:Eagles in concert September 2014.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|Glyn Johns produced and engineered the [[Eagles (band)|Eagles]]' first three albums in the early- to mid- 1970s.]]
Johns engineered and produced the Eagles' first three albums, bringing them to Olympic Studios in London to record their [[The Eagles (album)|self titled debut]],{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1p=192|2a1=Moore|2y=2022}} followed by ''[[Desperado (Eagles album)|Desperado]]'',{{sfn|Walsh|2014}} and the early sessions for ''On the Border''.{{sfn|Giles on Eagles|2016}} During these years they achieved success, recording hits such as "[[Witchy Woman]]", "[[Tequila Sunrise (song)|Tequila Sunrise]]", and "[[Best of My Love (Eagles song)|Best of My Love]]", which became their first number one hit single.{{sfn|Giles on Eagles|2016}} Increasingly the group began to develop internal friction and also with Johns.{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1pp=194–196, 200–201|2a1=Giles on Eagles|2y=2016}} They also objected to John's ban on use of drugs in the studio.{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1p=200|2a1=Giles on Eagles|2y=2016}} By 1974, singer/guitarist [[Glenn Frey]] and drummer/vocalist [[Don Henley]] gained control of the band,{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1p=199|2a1=Giles on Eagles|2y=2016}} and sought a more hard-rocking approach.{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1p=201|2a1=Giles on Eagles|2y=2016}} Johns, who preferred their early [[country rock|country-rock]] orientation,{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1p=202|2a1=Giles on Eagles|2y=2016}} fell out of favour with the group and left during the making of ''On the Border'', so they moved the sessions to [[California]] and brought in producer/engineer [[Bill Szymczyk]] to finish the album.{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1p=201|2a1=Giles on Eagles|2y=2016}} Eventually, [[Randy Miesner]] and [[Bernie Leadon]] departed,{{sfn|Wilson|2020}} and the band recruited [[Don Felder]] and former [[James Gang]] guitarist [[Joe Walsh]].{{sfn|Yeniocak|2022}}
Johns engineered and produced the Eagles' first three albums, bringing them to Olympic Studios in London to record their [[The Eagles (album)|self titled debut]],{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1p=192|2a1=Moore|2y=2022}} followed by ''[[Desperado (Eagles album)|Desperado]]'',{{sfn|Walsh|2014}} and the early sessions for ''On the Border''.{{sfn|Giles on Eagles|2016}} During these years they achieved success, recording hits such as "[[Witchy Woman]]", "[[Tequila Sunrise (song)|Tequila Sunrise]]", and "[[Best of My Love (Eagles song)|Best of My Love]]", which became their first number one hit single.{{sfn|Giles on Eagles|2016}} Increasingly the group began to develop internal friction and also with Johns.{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1pp=194–96, 200-01|2a1=Giles on Eagles|2y=2016}} They also objected to John's ban on use of drugs in the studio.{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1p=200|2a1=Giles on Eagles|2y=2016}} By 1974, singer/guitarist [[Glenn Frey]] and drummer/vocalist [[Don Henley]] gained control of the band,{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1p=199|2a1=Giles on Eagles|2y=2016}} and sought a more hard-rocking approach.{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1p=201|2a1=Giles on Eagles|2y=2016}} Johns, who preferred their early [[country rock|country-rock]] orientation,{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1p=202|2a1=Giles on Eagles|2y=2016}} fell out of favour with the group and left during the making of ''On the Border'', so they moved the sessions to [[California]] and brought in producer/engineer [[Bill Szymczyk]] to finish the album.{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1p=201|2a1=Giles on Eagles|2y=2016}} Eventually, [[Randy Miesner]] and [[Bernie Leadon]] departed,{{sfn|Wilson|2020}} and the band recruited [[Don Felder]] and former [[James Gang]] guitarist [[Joe Walsh]].{{sfn|Yeniocak|2022}}


====Other American acts====
====Other American acts====
Johns engineered and co-produced the first two albums by [[the Ozark Mountain Daredevils]], which provided the hits "[[If You Wanna Get to Heaven]]" and "[[Jackie Blue (song)|Jackie Blue]]".{{sfnm|Johns|1y=2014|1pp=150–151, 295|2a1=Foley|2y=2021}} Johns worked with others such as [[Spooky Tooth]],{{sfn|Drum Mag.}} [[Billy Preston]],{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1p=159|2a1=Liner Notes.com on Preston}} and [[Howlin' Wolf]].{{sfn|Black|2020}} Johns engineered the song "[[A Man Needs a Maid (song)|A Man Needs a Maid]]" on [[Neil Young]]'s 1971 ''[[Harvest (Neil Young album)|Harvest]]'' album.{{sfn|Aswad|2022}} Johns has also worked with [[Emmylou Harris]].{{sfn|Ankeny on Johns}}
Johns engineered and co-produced the first two albums by [[the Ozark Mountain Daredevils]], which provided the hits "[[If You Wanna Get to Heaven]]" and "[[Jackie Blue (song)|Jackie Blue]]".{{sfnm|Johns|1y=2014|1pp=150–51, 295|2a1=Foley|2y=2021}} Johns worked with others such as [[Spooky Tooth]],{{sfn|Drum Mag.}} [[Billy Preston]],{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1p=159|2a1=Liner Notes.com on Preston}} and [[Howlin' Wolf]].{{sfn|Black|2020}} Johns engineered the song "[[A Man Needs a Maid (song)|A Man Needs a Maid]]" on [[Neil Young]]'s 1971 ''[[Harvest (Neil Young album)|Harvest]]'' album.{{sfn|Aswad|2022}} Johns has also worked with [[Emmylou Harris]].{{sfn|Ankeny on Johns}}


====Joan Armatrading====
====Joan Armatrading====
Line 124: Line 124:


====The Clash====
====The Clash====
In 1982, Johns worked with [[the Clash]] during the late stages of making the album ''[[Combat Rock]]''.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=252-256}} Initially it was intended to be a double album tentatively under the working title ''Rat Patrol from Fort Brag''.{{sfn|Gray|2004|pp=385-86}} The group's chief songwriters [[Mick Jones (The Clash guitarist)|Mick Jones]] and [[Joe Strummer]] disagreed on how to proceed, and according to Johns even booked separate studios in New York to do their own competing mixes of the album.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=252}}{{efn|It is well known that Mick Jones did a mix prior to the arrival of Glyn Johns, but in Glyn Johns' autobiography, he mentions that both Strummer and Jones did mixes.}} According to Clash biographer Marcus Gray, the group's manager [[Bernie Rhodes]], pushed to bring in either [[Gus Dudgeon]], who had produced [[Elton John]], or Glyn Johns.{{sfn|Gray|2004|p=386}}{{efn|The situation that Gray recounts is somewhat confusing. Gray indicates that Rhodes may have meant Glyn Johns when he proposed Dungeon.}} Johns recounts that the chief of London's [[Columbia Records|CBS Records]] [[A & R]] department, [[Muff Winwood]] (brother of musician Steve Winwood), having been dissatisfied with Jones' and Strummer's mixes, asked Johns to remix the album.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=252}} Johns agreed and, upon hearing an acetate of one of the previous mixes, was concerned about the record's apparent self-indulgence, but was also impressed with many of its tracks and realized that there was enough strong material to make a good album.{{sfn|Johns|2014|pp=254}} Johns recommended that the album be shortened to one-disc length, and proceeded to reduce the number of tracks for inclusion, plus he edited down the length of several tracks in addition to remixing all of the songs that ended up on the final release.{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1p=255|2a1=Gray|2y=2004|2pp=386-387}}{{efn|In similar fashion, Johns helped the Who pare down Pete Townshend's sprawling ''Lifhouse'' concept into the more concise ''Who's Next'' (1971).{{sfn|Gray|2004|p=386}}}}
In 1982, Johns worked with [[the Clash]] during the late stages of making the album ''[[Combat Rock]]''.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=252-256}} Initially it was intended to be a double album tentatively under the working title ''Rat Patrol from Fort Brag''.{{sfn|Gray|2004|pp=385-86}} The group's chief songwriters [[Mick Jones (The Clash guitarist)|Mick Jones]] and [[Joe Strummer]] disagreed on how to proceed, and according to Johns even booked separate studios in New York to do their own competing mixes of the album.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=252}}{{efn|It is well known that Mick Jones did a mix prior to the arrival of Glyn Johns, but in Glyn Johns' autobiography, he mentions that both Strummer and Jones did mixes.}} According to Clash biographer Marcus Gray, the group's manager [[Bernie Rhodes]], pushed to bring in either [[Gus Dudgeon]], who had produced [[Elton John]], or Glyn Johns.{{sfn|Gray|2004|p=386}}{{efn|The situation that Gray recounts is somewhat confusing. Gray indicates that Rhodes may have meant Glyn Johns when he proposed Dungeon.}} Johns recounts that the chief of London's [[Columbia Records|CBS Records]] [[A & R]] department, [[Muff Winwood]] (brother of musician Steve Winwood), having been dissatisfied with Jones' and Strummer's mixes, asked Johns to remix the album.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=252}} Johns agreed and, upon hearing an acetate of one of the previous mixes, was concerned about the record's apparent self-indulgence, but was also impressed with many of its tracks and realized that there was enough strong material to make a good album.{{sfn|Johns|2014|pp=254}} Johns recommended that the album be shortened to one-disc length, and proceeded to reduce the number of tracks for inclusion, plus he edited down the length of several tracks in addition to remixing all of the songs that ended up on the final release.{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1p=255|2a1=Gray|2y=2004|2pp=386-87}}{{efn|In similar fashion, Johns helped the Who pare down Pete Townshend's sprawling ''Lifhouse'' concept into the more concise ''Who's Next'' (1971).{{sfn|Gray|2004|p=386}}}}


===1985–present===
===1985–present===
Line 137: Line 137:


Johns recollects that when he began recording, studios rarely had more than three- or four- track capability, and it was only feasible to record musicians in collective configurations.{{sfn|Johns|2014|pp=20, 169}} According to Johns, the goal at the time was to capture the music as a performance.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=170}} In the intervening years, with the advent of devices capable of recording an increasing number of tracks, it became possible to record each part separately, eliminating the need for collective performances, and has resulted in a tendency to favour isolation of musicians and instruments.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=169}} Johns has resisted this development stating:
Johns recollects that when he began recording, studios rarely had more than three- or four- track capability, and it was only feasible to record musicians in collective configurations.{{sfn|Johns|2014|pp=20, 169}} According to Johns, the goal at the time was to capture the music as a performance.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=170}} In the intervening years, with the advent of devices capable of recording an increasing number of tracks, it became possible to record each part separately, eliminating the need for collective performances, and has resulted in a tendency to favour isolation of musicians and instruments.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=169}} Johns has resisted this development stating:
::"I have never lost the value of musicians interacting with one another as they play. This can be so subtle and invariably is nothing more than a subconscious emotive reaction to what others are playing around you, with what you are contributing having the same effect on them. When a musician overdubs his or her part onto an existing track, this ceases to be a two-way interaction.{{sfn|Johns|2014|pp=169–170}}
::"I have never lost the value of musicians interacting with one another as they play. This can be so subtle and invariably is nothing more than a subconscious emotive reaction to what others are playing around you, with what you are contributing having the same effect on them. When a musician overdubs his or her part onto an existing track, this ceases to be a two-way interaction.{{sfn|Johns|2014|pp=169–70}}


===Miking drums===
===Miking drums===
Johns developed a unique approach for recording drums in stereo, sometimes referred to as the "Glyn Johns Method", that aims to achieve a natural perspective of the whole kit, rarely employing more than three or four microphones.{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1pp=117-119|2a1=Drum Mag.|3a1=Home Recording|3y=2018}} Microphones are placed mainly overhead in the following manner:{{sfn|Drum Mag.}}
Johns developed a unique approach for recording drums in stereo, sometimes referred to as the "Glyn Johns Method", that aims to achieve a natural perspective of the whole kit, rarely employing more than three or four microphones.{{sfnm|1a1=Johns|1y=2014|1pp=117-19|2a1=Drum Mag.|3a1=Home Recording|3y=2018}} Microphones are placed mainly overhead in the following manner:{{sfn|Drum Mag.}}


* One overhead mono mic hoisted several feet (approx. 40-60 inches) overhead directly above the snare drum (aimed directly at the snare drum or in some situations at a slightly away from it).{{efn|Drum Magazine points out that in some situations the mic can be aimed slightly away from the snare towards the back (if the cymbals are too loud) or slightly towards the toms (if that is what needs to be emphasized). On page 118 of his autobiography, Johns points out that he does not use a tape measure to set exact mic distances and that he recommends for an engineer use intuition and common sense, allowing for slight variations depending on the situation and what the drummer is playing.}}
* One overhead mono mic hoisted several feet (approx. 40-60 inches) overhead directly above the snare drum (aimed directly at the snare drum or in some situations at a slightly away from it).{{efn|Drum Magazine points out that in some situations the mic can be aimed slightly away from the snare towards the back (if the cymbals are too loud) or slightly towards the toms (if that is what needs to be emphasized). On page 118 of his autobiography, Johns points out that he does not use a tape measure to set exact mic distances and that he recommends for an engineer use intuition and common sense, allowing for slight variations depending on the situation and what the drummer is playing.}}
Line 146: Line 146:
* One mic in front of the bass drum (usually placed where the air wave dissipates)
* One mic in front of the bass drum (usually placed where the air wave dissipates)


Necessary to achieving the method is to keep both the overhead mic and the side-mic equidistant from, and usually pointed at, the center of the snare, aimed in such a way that a triangular pattern is formed, with the three corners being the snare drum, the top overhead mic, and the side overhead mic.{{sfn|Johns|2014|pp=117-119}}{{sfn|Drum Mag.}}{{efn|Johns himself says he places the two overhead mics approx. equidistant in distance from the snare drum. On the mixing console he pans both mics about halfway to the left and right, as to get a natural stereo image.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=117}} He recommends overdriving the mic preamps for the pair by 10 dB, and subsequently reducing the faders by the same amount.{{sfn|Drum Mag.}}}}
Necessary to achieving the method is to keep both the overhead mic and the side-mic equidistant from, and usually pointed at, the center of the snare, aimed in such a way that a triangular pattern is formed, with the three corners being the snare drum, the top overhead mic, and the side overhead mic.{{sfn|Johns|2014|pp=117-19}}{{sfn|Drum Mag.}}{{efn|Johns himself says he places the two overhead mics approx. equidistant in distance from the snare drum. On the mixing console he pans both mics about halfway to the left and right, as to get a natural stereo image.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=117}} He recommends overdriving the mic preamps for the pair by 10 dB, and subsequently reducing the faders by the same amount.{{sfn|Drum Mag.}}}}


Johns usually chooses not to close-mic individual drums or cymbals, but sometimes places an additional mic close to the snare drum.{{sfn|Pickford|2018}} Johns recounts that he developed this method while recording Led Zeppelin's first album.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=117}}
Johns usually chooses not to close-mic individual drums or cymbals, but sometimes places an additional mic close to the snare drum.{{sfn|Pickford|2018}} Johns recounts that he developed this method while recording Led Zeppelin's first album.{{sfn|Johns|2014|p=117}}

Revision as of 19:52, 3 July 2023

Glyn Johns
Johns, 1978
Johns, 1978
Background information
Birth nameGlyn Thomas Johns
Born (1942-02-15) 15 February 1942 (age 82)
Epsom, Surrey, England
Genres
Occupation(s)Producer, engineer, musician
Instrument(s)Guitar
Years active1959–present

Glyn Thomas Johns (born 15 February 1942) is an English musician, recording engineer, and record producer. As an engineer and producer, he has worked with many of the most famous rock recording acts from both the UK and abroad, such as the Rolling Stones, the Beatles, the Who, Led Zeppelin, the Kinks, the Eagles, Bob Dylan, the Band, Eric Clapton, the Clash, the Steve Miller Band, the Small Faces, Joan Armatrading and many others.

The years between 1964-84 were Johns' peak years of activity in which he was involved in the engineering and/or production of countless hit records. In 1965 Johns became one of the first independent British recording engineers to operate freelance rather than under the hire of a particular record label or studio. Since 1984 Johns has continued to be active in the industry.

He is the father of engineer and producer Ethan Johns and older brother of the late Andy Johns, also a renowned producer and recording engineer. Johns has also recorded as a solo musical artist.

He is widely considered one of the preeminent recording engineers and producers in the history of rock music. In 2012, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, receiving the Award for Musical Excellence.

Early life

Johns was born in Epsom, Surrey, England on 15 February 1942,[1] and is the older brother of the late Andy Johns.[2] At the age of eight Johns joined a local church choir as a boy soprano.[3] Felton Rapley, considered one of the leading pipe organists in the UK at the time, became the choirmaster, and as under his direction Johns progressed, being given occasional solos and eventually elevated to head chorister at the age of eleven.[4] Johns attributes his experience in the choir, particularly hearing and watching Rapley play the organ, as having a profound impact on his musical direction.[5] At the age of 13, Johns left the choir after his vocal cords began to change due to puberty.[6]

Johns recounts that his next-door neighbour lent him a Guild electric guitar, which sparked his interest playing guitar. At this time he was attending the church's Wednesday night youth club, where for the first time he saw Jimmy Page play guitar.[7] Johns became a fan of traditional jazz and joined a local ragtag jazz band on tea chest bass.[8] He attributes the record "Little Rock Getaway" by Les Paul and Mary Ford as an influence.[9] Les Paul was one of the first musicians to experiment with tape multi-tracking and sound effects.[10] Lonnie Donegan's skiffle hit version of Lead Belly's "Rock Island Line" was also influential—according to Johns, "I had heard nothing like it and rushed out to buy it the next day".[9] He soon bought his own guitar and was introduced to blues and folk recordings by a neighbor, who lent him records by artists such as Snooks Eaglin, Brownie McGhee and Sonny Terry, Woody Guthrie and Burl Ives.[11] Johns began to keep company with a group of friends interested in music, whose ranks included Ian Stewart (later in the Rolling Stones), Rob Mayhew, and Colin Golding.[12] In 1959 at the age of 17, Johns left school, and with Mayhew and Golding formed the band the Presidents.[13]

Career in music and recording

Over a long career as an engineer and/or producer, Johns produced has worked with a wide range of the musical industry's most successful artists.[1] Johns has also recorded as a solo musical artist.[14]

Early years: 1959–63

IBC Studios and as performing artist

Glyn Johns' first session as a recording engineer was for Lonnie Donnegan at IBC Studios in London, 1959

In 1959, Johns began his career as an as an assistant engineer at IBC Studios on Portland Place in London.[15] IBC was an independent recording studio and had no affiliation with a label.[16] Johns' early duties included odd tasks and providing basic support for the experienced engineers. His first session was for Lonnie Donegan.[17]

At the time IBC had a busy schedule. According to Johns, coats and ties were required to be worn by recording engineers (and white lab coats for technical engineers). Most recordings were done then in mono (except for classical music).[18] During Johns' first year at IBC, the popularity of rock and roll increased and demand for records that sounded more American.[19] Engineers were confronted with the challenge of capturing louder music.[18] Younger engineers were more apt to try new approaches, and Terry Johnson, another young engineer at IBC, convinced Johns to move in this direction.[19] Johns recounts that Jack Good, one of the UK's early successful television rock and roll producers, made regular use of IBC Studios, and did many of his recordings with Johns and Johnson engineering sessions.[20] They engineered pre-recorded tracks for the Oh Boy! television programme, which featured leading British rock and roll performers of the day, such as Joe Brown, Marty Wilde, Billy Fury, Wee Willie Harris, and others.[20]

In the early 1960s, Johns was signed to Decca Records as a solo musical performing artist at the urging of Jack Good.[21] There Johns cut three singles[22]—the first produced by Jack Good[23] and the last two produced by Tony Meehan.[24]

During this time, Johns was playing in the Presidents, who began to put the phrase "Featuring Decca Recording Star Glyn Johns" on their posters. Johns realized that he could invite musicians to IBC on Sundays, when the studio was not booking sessions — letting musicians play in the sound room whilst he honed his engineering and producing skills at the console.[23] The makeshift sessions attracted many of the best young musicians in London, such as Jimmy Page, Ian Stewart, Alexis Korner, Brian Jones, and Nicky Hopkins.[23] Johns first session as chief engineer was for Joe Brown, which was produced by Tony Hatch.[25][a] In 1962, Johns entered into an arrangement with George Clouston, the manager at IBC studios, to let him produce records by certain artists.[26]

The Rolling Stones 1962–3

Johns' friend, Ian Stewart was playing piano with the Rolling Stones.[27] The two lived for awhile in a house nicknamed "the Bungalow" with one of Stewart's friends, Brian Wiles, who played in a group with Jeff Beck.[28] It was through Stewart that Johns became involved in recording the Rolling Stones on their earliest recordings.[27] In March 1963, Johns brought them to IBC to record several tracks.[29] After Andrew Loog Oldham became the Rolling Stones' manager, Stewart was asked to leave the group, and Oldham took over the role as producer of the group's recordings.[30] Oldham moved the Rolling Stones' sessions to other studios, such as Regent Sound, using other engineers, and for more than a year Johns was not involved with the Rolling Stones recordings.[31]

As engineer for Shel Talmy

In 1963, Johns made arrangements to produce and record a session with Georgie Fame, but was unexpectedly paired—only as engineer—with producer Shel Talmy.[32] Johns recounts that though he was initially skeptical, he unexpectedly enjoyed working with Talmy, and the two formed a successful partnership on many recordings for the next couple of years, recording hit songs for acts such as the Kinks and the Who.[33]

Peak years: 1964–84

The Kinks, the Who, and Eric Clapton and as independent

The Who, pictured in 1965. With producer Shel Talmy, Glyn Johns engineered many of the early records by the Kinks and the Who in the mid-1960s. He later went on to produce and engineer with the Who throughout the next decade on albums such as Who's Next (1971), The Who by Numbers (1975), and It's Hard (1983).

During the mid 1960s, Johns worked with several of the popular British beat groups of the era. With producer Shel Talmy he engineered many of the early records by the Kinks and the Who,[34] such as "You Really Got Me" and "All Day and All of the Night" by the Kinks, and "My Generation" by the Who.[35]

In 1965, Johns left IBC studios to further pursue his solo career as a singer and performer and promote his latest record "Mary Anne", but the record failed to chart.[36] At the urging of Talmy, Johns began working freelance as an independent producer and engineer — one of the first independent engineers in the UK.[37] Subsequently, he did sessions at various studios such as Decca, Pye, Marble Arch, and Olympic.[38]

In 1971, Johns reunited with the Who for the first time since the mid-1960s, this time as a co-producer, to work on what became the album, Who's Next,[39][b] According to Pete Townshend in his autobiography:

“Glyn was my model of what a good producer should be - someone who guides the music and creates the right sound - and there was a great mutual respect and fondness between us. We were both perfectionists in the studio who worked quickly. It was his work as an engineer on the early Who sessions . . . that made them sound so great.”[42]

Johns continued to work with the Who throughout the 1970s as an engineer on parts of Quadrophenia in 1973.[39] He produced and engineered The Who by Numbers[43] (1975) and produced early sessions for Who Are You (1978) with engineer John Astley, who later took over as producer.[44] Johns returned to work with the group, producing and engineering 1983's It's Hard.[45]

Pete Townshend recruited Johns to record Eric Clapton's Rainbow Concert in 1973.[46] Johns produced and engineered Eric Clapton's 1977 album, Slowhand,[47] which featured hits such as "Lay Down Sally", "Wonderful Tonight", and his version J. J. Cale's "Cocaine",[48] and Clapton's next album, Backless in 1978, which contained another hit "Promises".[49] In his autobiography Eric Clapton wrote about Johns:

He was a disciplinarian who did not like people mucking about or wasting time. When we were in the studio we were expected to work and he'd get frustrated if there was any goofing off. Even though we were all getting stoned or drunk we responded to that quite well. He brought out the best in us, and as a result that album (Slowhand) has great playing and a great atmosphere.”[50]

The Rolling Stones 1965-75

Mick Jagger and Keith Richards of the Rolling Stones pictured in 1972. Glyn Johns engineered many of the group's recordings during the 1960s and 1970s.

Though Johns briefly ceased recording the Rolling Stones in late 1963 and 1964, in 1965 he returned to the role on their British sessions and assisted the group with much of their most famous material.[c] With Johns that year they recorded "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction"[53] and the albums December's Children (And Everybody's)[54] and Out of Our Heads.[55] Johns worked regularly with the Rolling Stones as engineer for the remainder of the decade and into the mid-1970s − from December's Children (And Everybody's) (1965) through to Black and Blue.(1975)[56] In 1966, Johns and Bill Wyman of the Rolling Stones formed Freeway Music, a management and production company.[57]

Starting with the sessions for Between the Buttons in late 1966, Johns and the Rolling Stones began to record extensively at Olympic Studios.[58] Olympic Studios became Johns' preferred studio for many years.[59][d] and it also became one of the most renowned recording facilities in England.[63]

In 1968 the Rolling Stones expressed the desire to work with an American producer and Johns recommended Jimmy Miller, who he had seen working with Traffic.[64] Johns stayed on as engineer, and with this team the group recorded Beggars Banquet (1968),[39] Let It Bleed. (1969),[39] Glyn Johns engineered some of the tracks on Sticky Fingers (1971),[65] and Exile on Main St. (1972),[66] both produced by Jimmy Miller. On these two albums his brother, Andy Johns, also worked as an engineer.[67][e] His brother engineered Goat's Head Soup, the last Rolling Stones album produced by Jimmy Miller.[70] Glyn Johns contributed to certain tracks on It's Only Rock 'n Roll,[71] and returned as chief recording engineer on the early sessions for Black and Blue.[72][f]

The Small Faces, the Faces, and Humble Pie

In the 1960s, Johns engineered many of the records made by the Small Faces,[75] such as "Whatcha Gonna Do About It"[75] "Tin Soldier",[76] their 1967 hit, "Itchycoo Park",[77] which featured the use of bizarre phasing effects.[78][g] Johns engineered the Small Faces' 1968 LP, Ogdens' Nut Gone Flake.[81] Glyn Johns remarked about the Small Faces:

This was one hell of a band. They had a massive amount of energy that was unleashed on their audiences from the minute they hit the stage until they left. If they had ever made it to America, they would undoubtedly have been as successful as any of the British bands that took it by storm in the sixties. That was not to be, as they broke up in 1969 before ever going there.[82]

After the group's breakup, guitarist and lead vocalist Steve Marriot formed Humble Pie, whose membership included Peter Frampton — Johns produced engineered their third and fourth albums, Humble Pie[83] and Rock On.[84][h] The other former Small Faces, Ronnie Lane, Ian McLagan, and Kenney Jones, joined with Rod Stewart to form the Faces, and Johns engineered and co-produced (with the band) the albums A Nod Is as Good as a Wink... to a Blind Horse[86][i] and Ooh La La.[88] During the 1970s, after leaving the Faces, Ronnie Lane worked on several projects including the Rough Mix album with Pete Townshend, which was produced by Glyn Johns.[89] Lane began to experience health problems and was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis.[90] In 1983, Eric Clapton and Johns helped organize the ARMS Charity Concerts to raise money for Lane's medical bills and research for the disease−assembling a cast of musicians for the show, which included Clapton, Ian Stewart, Bill Wyman, Charlie Watts, Andy Fairweather Low, Steve Winwood and others.[90]

Led Zeppelin

File:Ledzeppelin.jpg
Glyn Johns engineered Led Zeppelin's debut album, released in 1969.

Johns engineered Led Zeppelin's, debut album recorded in October 1968. Though production credit was given to Jimmy Page, Johns was involved in the production during the making of the album.[91] According to Johns, when working on the album, by accident he developed his method of using three microphones to record drums for stereo recording.[92]

The Beatles

Glyn Johns worked as the chief recording engineer on the Beatles' (Get Back (Let it Be) sessions) which were both taped and filmed.[93] In 1969, Paul McCartney called Johns and asked him to assist with sessions.[94] George Martin, though officially listed as the producer, only made occasional appearances.[95] Johns was brought in primarily as an engineer, but he recounts that he ended up assisting the band with input on some of the arrangements.[96] During taping and shooting, John Lennon sometimes famously referred to him as "Glynis" (with reference to the actress Glynis Johns).[97]

According to Johns, he suggested that band play a brief concert on the rooftop of their Apple Studio facility, where much of the sessions were being recorded and filmed,[98] and rigged the recording wires onto the rooftop connected to control room for the performance.[39] He also recommended that the album be structured as an "audio documentary" with talk and banter included between each track.[98] Johns helped them compile several versions of the album,[99] all of which got shelved,[100] before the project was eventually turned over to producer Phil Spector in 1970, who oversaw the final product, released as the album Let It Be.[101][j]

Johns also engineered early recorded parts of the song "I Want You (She's So Heavy)" at Trident Studios[103] on 23 February 1969, that in later finished form appeared on the Abbey Road album.[104] For Abbey Road's remaining tracks, the group returned to EMI Studios and re-united with producer George Martin and a team of engineers including Geoff Emerick, Phil McDonald, Alan Parsons.[105]

Johns also assisted with early sessions of Paul McCartney and Wings' Red Rose Speedway.[106][k]

Procol Harum, Joe Cocker, the Move, and the Easybeats and others

Johns also worked with other notable British acts such as Procol Harum,[108] Joe Cocker,[39] the Move,[109] and Fairport Convention.[110] He also engineered several songs by Australia's the Easybeats,[111] including their 1967 hit "Friday on My Mind", which was produced by Shel Talmy.[112] Johns also worked with the French musician Johnny Halliday.[113]

The Steve Miller Band, Bob Dylan, the Band, the Eagles

In the late 1960s and 1970s, Johns was in demand on both sides of the Atlantic and worked with American acts such as the Steve Miller Band, and the Eagles.[1] Johns recounts that he did his first work with an American act in 1968 with the Steve Miller Band, whom he had seen perform live at the Fillmore in San Francisco.[114] According to Johns, the group came to England to record their debut album, Children of the Future, at Olympic with Johns as engineer.[115] During the sessions, Johns assumed the role of producer.[116] Johns produced and engineered their next three albums, Sailor,[117] and Brave New World[1], and Your Saving Grace.[118]

At the request of producer Bob Johnston,[119] Johns engineered the live recordings of Bob Dylan's performance backed by the Band at the Isle of Wight Festival in 1969,[120] some of which appeared on his 1970 Self Portrait album.[39] He later produced and engineered Dylan's 1984 live album, Real Live.[121] Johns also did one of the mixes for the Band's Stage Freight in 1970.[122][l]

Glyn Johns produced and engineered the Eagles' first three albums in the early- to mid- 1970s.

Johns engineered and produced the Eagles' first three albums, bringing them to Olympic Studios in London to record their self titled debut,[124] followed by Desperado,[39] and the early sessions for On the Border.[125] During these years they achieved success, recording hits such as "Witchy Woman", "Tequila Sunrise", and "Best of My Love", which became their first number one hit single.[125] Increasingly the group began to develop internal friction and also with Johns.[126] They also objected to John's ban on use of drugs in the studio.[127] By 1974, singer/guitarist Glenn Frey and drummer/vocalist Don Henley gained control of the band,[128] and sought a more hard-rocking approach.[129] Johns, who preferred their early country-rock orientation,[130] fell out of favour with the group and left during the making of On the Border, so they moved the sessions to California and brought in producer/engineer Bill Szymczyk to finish the album.[129] Eventually, Randy Miesner and Bernie Leadon departed,[131] and the band recruited Don Felder and former James Gang guitarist Joe Walsh.[132]

Other American acts

Johns engineered and co-produced the first two albums by the Ozark Mountain Daredevils, which provided the hits "If You Wanna Get to Heaven" and "Jackie Blue".[133] Johns worked with others such as Spooky Tooth,[113] Billy Preston,[134] and Howlin' Wolf.[135] Johns engineered the song "A Man Needs a Maid" on Neil Young's 1971 Harvest album.[136] Johns has also worked with Emmylou Harris.[1]

Joan Armatrading

Glyn Johns produced three albums by Joan Armatrading in the 1970s.

During the 1970s, Johns produced three albums by Joan Armatrading beginning with her 1976 offering, Joan Armatrading,[137] followed by Show Some Emotion (1977), and To the Limit (1978).[138]

The Clash

In 1982, Johns worked with the Clash during the late stages of making the album Combat Rock.[139] Initially it was intended to be a double album tentatively under the working title Rat Patrol from Fort Brag.[140] The group's chief songwriters Mick Jones and Joe Strummer disagreed on how to proceed, and according to Johns even booked separate studios in New York to do their own competing mixes of the album.[141][m] According to Clash biographer Marcus Gray, the group's manager Bernie Rhodes, pushed to bring in either Gus Dudgeon, who had produced Elton John, or Glyn Johns.[142][n] Johns recounts that the chief of London's CBS Records A & R department, Muff Winwood (brother of musician Steve Winwood), having been dissatisfied with Jones' and Strummer's mixes, asked Johns to remix the album.[141] Johns agreed and, upon hearing an acetate of one of the previous mixes, was concerned about the record's apparent self-indulgence, but was also impressed with many of its tracks and realized that there was enough strong material to make a good album.[143] Johns recommended that the album be shortened to one-disc length, and proceeded to reduce the number of tracks for inclusion, plus he edited down the length of several tracks in addition to remixing all of the songs that ended up on the final release.[144][o]

1985–present

Thought Johns' output slowed in the mid-1980s, he undertook work with Midnight Oil, Nanci Griffith, Belly,[1] New Model Army,[145] Joe Satriani,[146] John Hiatt,[147] Buckacre,[113] Gallagher and Lyle,[148] Georgie Fame,[113] Helen Watson,[113] and many others.[149] Johns produced much of Linda Ronstadt's 1998 We Ran album.[150]

In 2011, after a number of years spent largely away from production, Johns worked with Ryan Adams on his album, Ashes & Fire.[151] In February 2012, Johns began work on the Band of Horses album, Mirage Rock.[152] Johns and Clapton collaborated once again for Clapton's 2016 release I Still Do.[153]

Approach to recording

Instrumental tracks

Johns has stated that prefers, when possible, to record instrumental tracks with musicians playing together live in the studio as a collective unit, using a limited number of microphones and tracks−in a space suitable for ensemble playing that has unique acoustical characteristics.[154] He also generally prefers recording the basic track from one continuous take of a whole performance, rather than editing together different pieces.[113]

Johns recollects that when he began recording, studios rarely had more than three- or four- track capability, and it was only feasible to record musicians in collective configurations.[155] According to Johns, the goal at the time was to capture the music as a performance.[156] In the intervening years, with the advent of devices capable of recording an increasing number of tracks, it became possible to record each part separately, eliminating the need for collective performances, and has resulted in a tendency to favour isolation of musicians and instruments.[154] Johns has resisted this development stating:

"I have never lost the value of musicians interacting with one another as they play. This can be so subtle and invariably is nothing more than a subconscious emotive reaction to what others are playing around you, with what you are contributing having the same effect on them. When a musician overdubs his or her part onto an existing track, this ceases to be a two-way interaction.[157]

Miking drums

Johns developed a unique approach for recording drums in stereo, sometimes referred to as the "Glyn Johns Method", that aims to achieve a natural perspective of the whole kit, rarely employing more than three or four microphones.[158] Microphones are placed mainly overhead in the following manner:[113]

  • One overhead mono mic hoisted several feet (approx. 40-60 inches) overhead directly above the snare drum (aimed directly at the snare drum or in some situations at a slightly away from it).[p]
  • One overhead mono mic off to the side approx. six inches above the floor tom (on its right—aimed at the snare drum)
  • One mic in front of the bass drum (usually placed where the air wave dissipates)

Necessary to achieving the method is to keep both the overhead mic and the side-mic equidistant from, and usually pointed at, the center of the snare, aimed in such a way that a triangular pattern is formed, with the three corners being the snare drum, the top overhead mic, and the side overhead mic.[159][113][q]

Johns usually chooses not to close-mic individual drums or cymbals, but sometimes places an additional mic close to the snare drum.[161] Johns recounts that he developed this method while recording Led Zeppelin's first album.[160]

Family

In addition to being the older brother of the late producer and engineer Andy Johns, Glyn Johns has two older sisters.[162] Andy Johns began as an engineer with Jimi Hendrix under the tutelage of Eddie Kramer.[163] and like Glyn Johns, he also worked with the Rolling Stones and Led Zeppelin.[164]

With Johns' first wife Sylvia he had two children: a son Ethan Johns, who is producer and engineer that has worked with artists such as Paul McCartney and Kings of Leon, and like his father Ryan Adams.[165] and a daughter Abigail.[166]

He is the uncle of the blues musician Will Johns (son of Andy Johns).[167]

Autobiography

Johns has written a book about his life titled Sound Man, published by Blue Rider Press on 13 November 2014.[168]

Legacy

Glyn Johns is recognized as one of the preeminent audio engineers and record producers of the rock era. On 14 April 2012, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, Ohio. He received an Award for Musical Excellence and was honoured for his work on landmark recordings by many famous artists.[169] He was also the winner of the 2013 Music Producers Guild Inspiration Award.[170]

Discography

Notes

  1. ^ The chief engineer (or balance engineer) is usually an experienced engineer who (often under the producer) supervises studio crew and critical aspects of the recording process. Amongst various tasks during recording sessions, the chief engineer operates equipment in the control room that requires complicated settings, such as the recording console, outboard equipment/signal processing. The chief engineer will usually set the preliminary levels (pre-mix) during the recordings. The chief engineer will often do the later final mix, but sometimes another engineer is chosen for the final mix.
  2. ^ The album began as a soundtrack for the multimedia project, Lifehouse, which though abandoned, ended up forming the basis of Who's Next. The sessions began in New York with Kit Lambert as producer, but were eventually moved to London with Glyn Johns at Olympic Studios.[40] which Johns co-produced, engineered, and mixed.[41]
  3. ^ In the mid-1960s the Rolling Stones divided their recording time between the UK and the US. In 1965 and 1966 they were regularly booked at the RCA studios in Los Angeles with engineer Dave Hassinger.[51] When doing sessions in London, they worked with Glyn Johns as engineer. At this time it was not unusual for their albums to include tracks recorded in both countries. Johns' return to working with the Rolling Stones the result of a coincidence.[52] One night while the group was laying down vocal overdubs at IBC, their producer Andrew Loog Oldham needed an engineer. Their regular engineer was not available and Johns happened to be on hand. Oldham asked Johns if he wished to do the session and he agreed. Johns and Oldham and got along well, and the session ran smoothly.[52] Oldham asked Johns if he wanted to continue engineering with them and Johns accepted.[52]
  4. ^ Johns particularly liked Olympic's Studio 1, whose sound room was converted from an old movie theater and whose acoustics were adaptable to the needs of various types of music, whether a rock band or a sixty-piece orchestra.[59] All of the control rooms at Olympic were equipped with custom recording consoles designed by Dick Swettenham.[60] At John's suggestion, Swettenham later went on to form Helios Electronics in 1969 (with record executive/entrepreneur Chris Blackwell).[61] The company made recording consoles that were used on many recordings and are still renowned for their sound quality.[62]
  5. ^ While recording Sticky Fingers in 1971, Johns had to leave the sessions to handle commitments in Los Angeles and thus recommended his younger brother Andy Johns to assist the group with the album.[67] The younger Johns had followed his brother's footsteps becoming an engineer,[2] in the late 1960s under the tutelage of Eddie Kramer (while Kramer was recording Jimi Hendrix),[68] and went on to work with artists such as the Rolling Stones, Led Zeppelin, Rod Stewart, Jethro Tull, Television, and Van Halen.[69]
  6. ^ Though Mick Taylor had recently left the band, Johns was satisfied with first round of sessions in Munich, but became frustrated during the subsequent Rotterdam sessions, where tapings were constantly delayed whilst the group auditioned dozens of guitarists in search of a replacement for Taylor.[73] Following a bitter argument with Keith Richards, Johns quit the sessions and ended his association with the Rolling Stones.[74]
  7. ^ Johns describes this effect as "phasing".[79] Johns learned this effect from another Olympic engineer, George Chkiantz.[80]
  8. ^ Glyn Johns' brother, Andy Johns, engineered Humble Pie's first two albums.[85]
  9. ^ Though not formally credited as producer or engineer on this album, his influence can be gauged from the message that follows the credits: "Thank you Glyn, you made all the difference." In his biography, Johns nonetheless maintains his role as engineer and co-producer.[87]
  10. ^ Johns was critical of Spector's re-produced version, calling it "a syrupy load of bullshit."[102]
  11. ^ Some sources mention Johns as the producer, but in his autobiography Johns does not take credit for that role, nor does the list at the end of the book credit him as producer. Johns quit the project due to what he describes as his lack of satisfaction with the material.[107]
  12. ^ Todd Rundgren did another mix for the album. It has been debated which mix appeared on the first Capitol pressing of the album.[123]
  13. ^ It is well known that Mick Jones did a mix prior to the arrival of Glyn Johns, but in Glyn Johns' autobiography, he mentions that both Strummer and Jones did mixes.
  14. ^ The situation that Gray recounts is somewhat confusing. Gray indicates that Rhodes may have meant Glyn Johns when he proposed Dungeon.
  15. ^ In similar fashion, Johns helped the Who pare down Pete Townshend's sprawling Lifhouse concept into the more concise Who's Next (1971).[142]
  16. ^ Drum Magazine points out that in some situations the mic can be aimed slightly away from the snare towards the back (if the cymbals are too loud) or slightly towards the toms (if that is what needs to be emphasized). On page 118 of his autobiography, Johns points out that he does not use a tape measure to set exact mic distances and that he recommends for an engineer use intuition and common sense, allowing for slight variations depending on the situation and what the drummer is playing.
  17. ^ Johns himself says he places the two overhead mics approx. equidistant in distance from the snare drum. On the mixing console he pans both mics about halfway to the left and right, as to get a natural stereo image.[160] He recommends overdriving the mic preamps for the pair by 10 dB, and subsequently reducing the faders by the same amount.[113]

References

Citations

  1. ^ a b c d e f Ankeny on Johns.
  2. ^ a b Danton 2013.
  3. ^ Danton 2013; Johns 2014, p. 2.
  4. ^ McNair 2014; Johns 2014, pp. 2–3, 5.
  5. ^ Johns 2014, pp. 2–3, 5.
  6. ^ Johns 2014, pp. 3, 5, 6.
  7. ^ Johns 2014, p. 6.
  8. ^ Johns 2014, pp. 6–8.
  9. ^ a b Johns 2014, p. 8.
  10. ^ Tianen 2009.
  11. ^ Johns 2014, p. 9.
  12. ^ Johns 2014, pp. 9–11.
  13. ^ Walsh 2014; Johns 2014, p. 11.
  14. ^ Johns 2014, pp. 24, 49.
  15. ^ R&R HOF; Johns 2014, pp. xvi, 13.
  16. ^ Johns 2014, p. 13; Walsh 2014.
  17. ^ Johns 2014, p. 13; Fulgham 2015.
  18. ^ a b Johns 2014, p. 20.
  19. ^ a b Johns 2014, p. 18.
  20. ^ a b Johns 2014, pp. 21–2.
  21. ^ Johns 2014, pp. 24–5.
  22. ^ Johns 2014, p. 24.
  23. ^ a b c Johns 2014, p. 25.
  24. ^ Johns 2014, p. 49.
  25. ^ Johns 2014, pp. 28–9.
  26. ^ Johns 2014, p. 41.
  27. ^ a b Johns 2014, p. 32; Boyle 2014.
  28. ^ Johns 2014.
  29. ^ Johns 2014, p. 43.
  30. ^ Johns 2014, p. 34; Fricke 1986.
  31. ^ Johns 2014, p. 45.
  32. ^ Johns 2014, p. 45; Ankeny on Johns.
  33. ^ Johns 2014, p. 46; Bensley 2021.
  34. ^ Bensley 2021.
  35. ^ Johns 2014, p. 46.
  36. ^ Johns 2014, p. 50.
  37. ^ Johns 2014, p. 51; Bensley 2021.
  38. ^ Johns 2014, p. 51.
  39. ^ a b c d e f g h Walsh 2014.
  40. ^ Browne et al. 2022.
  41. ^ Johns 2014, pp. 180, 294.
  42. ^ Townshend 2012, p. 220.
  43. ^ Giles on Who 2015.
  44. ^ Buskin 2005.
  45. ^ Tavares 2013.
  46. ^ Johns 2014, p. 295.
  47. ^ Walsh 2014; Rother 2014.
  48. ^ Gallucci 2016.
  49. ^ Flanigin 2021.
  50. ^ Clapton 2007, p. 174.
  51. ^ Unterberger on Hassinger.
  52. ^ a b c Johns 2014, p. 56.
  53. ^ Johns 2014, p. 81.
  54. ^ Johns 2014, p. 291; Alan 2015.
  55. ^ Johns 2014, p. 291.
  56. ^ Johns 2014, p. 57, 217–219.
  57. ^ Johns 2014, p. 59.
  58. ^ Jury 2012.
  59. ^ a b Johns 2014, pp. 51–2.
  60. ^ Johns 2014, p. 52; Thomas 2015.
  61. ^ Johns 2014, p. 71.
  62. ^ Johns 2014, p. 71; Thomas 2015.
  63. ^ Havers 2014.
  64. ^ Brown 2000.
  65. ^ Hopkins 2021.
  66. ^ Johns 2014, p. 294.
  67. ^ a b Johns 2014, pp. 163, 181.
  68. ^ Ward 2012.
  69. ^ Danton 2013; Ward 2012.
  70. ^ Scoppa 2020.
  71. ^ Johns 2014, pp. 214, 295–96.
  72. ^ Johns 2014, pp. 219–20; Bensley 2021.
  73. ^ Johns 2014, p. 219.
  74. ^ Johns 2014, pp. 219–20.
  75. ^ a b Staff at Goldmine 2015.
  76. ^ Johns 2014, p. 108; Mulholland 2014.
  77. ^ Sexton 2022.
  78. ^ Mulholland 2014.
  79. ^ Johns 2014, pp. 202–3.
  80. ^ Johns & 2014 203.
  81. ^ Johns 2014, pp. 108, 292; Walsh 2014.
  82. ^ Johns 2014, p. 204.
  83. ^ Bell 2018.
  84. ^ Greenwald on Humble Pie.
  85. ^ Barker 2013.
  86. ^ Giles on Faces 2016.
  87. ^ Johns 2014, pp. 206, 294.
  88. ^ Zimmerman 2023.
  89. ^ Leviton 2020.
  90. ^ a b Johns 2014, pp. 260–61; Reavis 1986.
  91. ^ Spitz 2021, pp. 144, 171–172.
  92. ^ Johns 2014, pp. 115–18.
  93. ^ Lewisohn 1988, pp. 164–65.
  94. ^ Johns 2014, pp. 120–31, 139–43; Runtagh 2021; Lewisohn 1988, pp. 164–65; Walsh 2014.
  95. ^ Johns 2014, p. 123; Golsen 2022.
  96. ^ Johns 2014, p. 123.
  97. ^ Lewisohn 1988, p. 165; Beaumont 2021.
  98. ^ a b Johns 2014, p. 129.
  99. ^ Lewisohn 1988, pp. 176, 196.
  100. ^ Lewisohn 1988, pp. 176, 196–97.
  101. ^ Lewisohn 1988, pp. 197–99.
  102. ^ Lewisohn 1988, p. 199; The Independent 2014.
  103. ^ Lewisohn 1988, p. 170.
  104. ^ Lewisohn 1988, pp. 173–74, 186, 191–92.
  105. ^ Lewisohn 1988, pp. 173–92.
  106. ^ DeRiso 2018.
  107. ^ Johns 2014, p. 192.
  108. ^ Walsh 2014; Fremer 2016.
  109. ^ Johns 2014, p. 184.
  110. ^ Hatfield 2004.
  111. ^ Ankeny on Johns; Marks & McIntyre 2010, p. 130.
  112. ^ Marks & McIntyre 2010, p. 130.
  113. ^ a b c d e f g h i Drum Mag.
  114. ^ Johns 2014, pp. 98–9.
  115. ^ Johns 2014, p. 99.
  116. ^ Johns 2014, pp. 101–2; Hanson on Miller.
  117. ^ Brown 1990, p. 1225.
  118. ^ Planer on Miller.
  119. ^ Johns 2014, p. 154.
  120. ^ Johns 2014, p. 154; Walsh 2014; Love 2016.
  121. ^ Michaels 2014.
  122. ^ Chelstowski 2021; Walsh 2014.
  123. ^ Chelstowski 2021.
  124. ^ Johns 2014, p. 192; Moore 2022.
  125. ^ a b Giles on Eagles 2016.
  126. ^ Johns 2014, pp. 194–96, 200–01; Giles on Eagles 2016.
  127. ^ Johns 2014, p. 200; Giles on Eagles 2016.
  128. ^ Johns 2014, p. 199; Giles on Eagles 2016.
  129. ^ a b Johns 2014, p. 201; Giles on Eagles 2016.
  130. ^ Johns 2014, p. 202; Giles on Eagles 2016.
  131. ^ Wilson 2020.
  132. ^ Yeniocak 2022.
  133. ^ Johns, pp. 150–51, 295; Foley 2021.
  134. ^ Johns 2014, p. 159; Liner Notes.com on Preston.
  135. ^ Black 2020.
  136. ^ Aswad 2022.
  137. ^ Melody Maker 1975.
  138. ^ Monger on Armatrading.
  139. ^ Johns 2014, p. 252-256.
  140. ^ Gray 2004, pp. 385–86.
  141. ^ a b Johns 2014, p. 252.
  142. ^ a b Gray 2004, p. 386.
  143. ^ Johns 2014, pp. 254.
  144. ^ Johns 2014, p. 255; Gray 2004, pp. 386–87.
  145. ^ Huey on NMA.
  146. ^ Renzi 1996.
  147. ^ Hochman 2001.
  148. ^ Ofjord on Seeds album.
  149. ^ Johns 2014, pp. 297–300.
  150. ^ Erlewine on Ronstadt.
  151. ^ Schneider 2011.
  152. ^ Marchese 2012.
  153. ^ Brennan 2016.
  154. ^ a b Johns 2014, p. 169.
  155. ^ Johns 2014, pp. 20, 169.
  156. ^ Johns 2014, p. 170.
  157. ^ Johns 2014, pp. 169–70.
  158. ^ Johns 2014, pp. 117–19; Drum Mag.; Home Recording 2018.
  159. ^ Johns 2014, pp. 117–19.
  160. ^ a b Johns 2014, p. 117.
  161. ^ Pickford 2018.
  162. ^ Johns 2014, p. 4.
  163. ^ Sarti 2004.
  164. ^ Sarti 2004; Kurutz on Andy Johns.
  165. ^ Johns 2014, pp. 228, 270–71, 274, 279–80.
  166. ^ Johns 2014, p. 228.
  167. ^ Bacon 2012.
  168. ^ Kirkus.
  169. ^ R&R HOF.
  170. ^ MPG.

Bibliography

  • Brown, Ashley (1990). "Space Cowboy". The Marshall Cavendish Illustrated History of Popular Music. Vol. 11 (Reference ed.). Marshall Cavendish. ISBN 1-85435-026-9.
  • Clapton, Eric (2007). Clapton: The Autobiography. New York: Broadway Books. ISBN 9780767925365.
  • Gray, Marcus (2004). The Clash: Return of the last Gang in Town. Milwaukee: Hal Leonard. ISBN 0-634-08240-X.
  • Johns, Glyn (2014). Sound Man: A Life of Recording with the Rolling Stones, the Who, Led Zeppelin, the Eagles, Eric Clapton, and the Faces ... (1st ed.). New York: Plume: Penguin Random House. ISBN 978-0-14-751657-2.
  • Lewisohn, Mark (1988). The Beatles Recording Sessions (1st ed.). New York: Harmony Books. ISBN 0-517-58182-5.
  • Marks, Ian D.; McIntyre, Iain (2010). Wild About You: The Sixties Beat Explosion in Australia and New Zealand. Portland, London, Melbourne: Verse Chorus Press. ISBN 978-1-891241-28-4.
  • Spitz, Bob (2021). Led Zeppelin: The Biography. New York: Penguin Press. ISBN 978-0-399-56242-6.
  • Townshend, Pete (2012). Who I Am: A Memoir. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. ISBN 978-0-00-746604-7. Retrieved 26 June 2023.

Websites