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{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2023}}
[[File:A_view_into_the_Fediverse.png|thumb|Excerpt of common protocols and platforms in the Fediverse (2023)]]The '''fediverse''' (a [[portmanteau]] of "federation" and "universe") is an ensemble of [[Social network|social networks]] which [[Federation (information technology)|can communicate with each other]], while remaining independent platforms. Users on different social networks and websites can send and receive updates from others across the network.
[[File:A_view_into_the_Fediverse.png|thumb|Excerpt of common protocols and platforms in the Fediverse (2023)]]The '''fediverse''' (a [[portmanteau]] of "federation" and "universe") is an ensemble of [[Social network|social networks]] which [[Federation (information technology)|can communicate with each other]], while remaining independent platforms. Users on different social networks and websites can send and receive updates from others across the network.

[[ActivityPub]], a [[W3C]] standard, is the most widely used protocol that powers the fediverse. Noted fediverse platforms include [[Mastodon (social network)|Mastodon]], [[Lemmy (software)|Lemmy]], [[PeerTube]], and [[Pixelfed]].


Nearly all fediverse platforms are [[free and open-source software]].
Nearly all fediverse platforms are [[free and open-source software]].
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In January 2018, the [[World Wide Web Consortium|W3C]] presented the [[ActivityPub]] protocol, aiming to improve the interoperability between different software packages run on a wide network of servers. By 2019, a majority of software that was previously using OStatus had switched to ActivityPub,<ref>{{cite web |title=Remove OStatus-related code · Issue #10740 · mastodon/mastodon |url=https://github.com/mastodon/mastodon/issues/10740#issuecomment-491442996 |website=GitHub |language=en |access-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725000450/https://github.com/mastodon/mastodon/issues/10740#issuecomment-491442996 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the term "fediverse" came to refer to the ActivityPub-based federated network.{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}}
In January 2018, the [[World Wide Web Consortium|W3C]] presented the [[ActivityPub]] protocol, aiming to improve the interoperability between different software packages run on a wide network of servers. By 2019, a majority of software that was previously using OStatus had switched to ActivityPub,<ref>{{cite web |title=Remove OStatus-related code · Issue #10740 · mastodon/mastodon |url=https://github.com/mastodon/mastodon/issues/10740#issuecomment-491442996 |website=GitHub |language=en |access-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725000450/https://github.com/mastodon/mastodon/issues/10740#issuecomment-491442996 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the term "fediverse" came to refer to the ActivityPub-based federated network.{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}}


== Protocols & Popular software ==
== Other Protocols ==
Other similar protocols include [[Bluesky (social network)|Bluesky]]'s AT Protocol, Nostr and Farcaster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pierce |first=David |date=2023-12-19 |title=2023 in social media: the case for the fediverse |url=https://www.theverge.com/23990974/social-media-2023-fediverse-mastodon-threads-activitypub |access-date=2024-01-11 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref>
<!-- This isn't meant to be a complete list of ActivityPub software, to add software, add it to the ActivityPub page instead of this one -->
* [[ActivityPub]], a [[W3C]] standard, is the most widely used protocol in the fediverse. Some popular fediverse software includes: <ref>{{Cite web|title=FediDB|url=https://fedidb.org/ |language=en}}</ref>
** [[Mastodon (software)|Mastodon]]
** Misskey
** [[Lemmy (software)|Lemmy]]
** [[PeerTube]]
** Pixelfed
** [[WordPress]] (via third-party plugin<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pfefferle |first1=Matthias |title=ActivityPub |url=https://wordpress.org/plugins/activitypub/ |website=WordPress.org |access-date=November 28, 2022 |archive-date=July 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702104005/https://wordpress.org/plugins/activitypub/ |url-status=live }}</ref>)
** [[Drupal]] (via third-party plugin <ref>{{cite web |title=ActivityPub |url=https://www.drupal.org/project/activitypub |website=Drupal.org |language=en |date=23 February 2019 |access-date=March 6, 2022 |archive-date=March 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220306102802/https://www.drupal.org/project/activitypub |url-status=live }}</ref>)
** [[RSS]] (via bridges<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kazemi |first1=Darius |title=RSS to ActivityPub Converter |website=[[GitHub]] |url=https://github.com/dariusk/rss-to-activitypub |date=16 July 2023 |access-date=July 27, 2023 |archive-date=July 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727183506/https://github.com/dariusk/rss-to-activitypub |url-status=live }}</ref>)
** [[Matrix (protocol)|Matrix]] (via bridges<ref>{{cite web |title=Kazarma |url=https://kazar.ma/ |website=kazar.ma |access-date=July 27, 2023 |archive-date=July 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727183508/https://kazar.ma/ |url-status=live }}</ref>)

* AT Protocol
** [[Bluesky (social network)|Bluesky]]

* Nostr

* Farcaster<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pierce |first=David |date=2023-12-19 |title=2023 in social media: the case for the fediverse |url=https://www.theverge.com/23990974/social-media-2023-fediverse-mastodon-threads-activitypub |access-date=2024-01-11 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref>


== Potential Adoption ==
== Potential Adoption ==
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Instances hosted by different social networking services may communicate with one another as well. A user on the microblogging platform Misskey, for example, may view and interact with posts made by users on Mastodon. Some fediverse networks even allow users to interact with multiple social networking formats from the same platform. For example, kbin and its fork mbin allow users to interact with discussion [[Internet forum|forums]] (like those hosted on [[Lemmy (software)|Lemmy]] instances) as well as microblog posts (as can be found on Mastodon).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home {{!}} kbin.pub – Fediverse of content |url=https://kbin.pub/en |access-date=2023-07-24 |website=/kbin |archive-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725125409/https://kbin.pub/en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mbin - a fork of kbin - community-focused |url=https://fedidb.org/software/mbin |website=fedidb.org/software/mbin |access-date=February 28, 2024 |archive-date=February 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228123313/https://kbin.melroy.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
Instances hosted by different social networking services may communicate with one another as well. A user on the microblogging platform Misskey, for example, may view and interact with posts made by users on Mastodon. Some fediverse networks even allow users to interact with multiple social networking formats from the same platform. For example, kbin and its fork mbin allow users to interact with discussion [[Internet forum|forums]] (like those hosted on [[Lemmy (software)|Lemmy]] instances) as well as microblog posts (as can be found on Mastodon).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home {{!}} kbin.pub – Fediverse of content |url=https://kbin.pub/en |access-date=2023-07-24 |website=/kbin |archive-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725125409/https://kbin.pub/en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mbin - a fork of kbin - community-focused |url=https://fedidb.org/software/mbin |website=fedidb.org/software/mbin |access-date=February 28, 2024 |archive-date=February 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228123313/https://kbin.melroy.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Software==
There are many different software packages and services that allow users to participate in the fediverse. Some of them vaguely resemble [[Twitter]] in style (for example, [[Mastodon (software)|Mastodon]], Misskey, [[GNU social]], and Pleroma, which are similar in their [[microblogging]] function), while others include more communication and transaction options that are instead comparable to [[Facebook]] (such as is the case with [[Friendica]] and Hubzilla). There are also third-party plugins for many [[Content management system|CMSs]] such as [[WordPress]] and [[Drupal]],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pfefferle |first1=Matthias |title=ActivityPub |url=https://wordpress.org/plugins/activitypub/ |website=WordPress.org |access-date=November 28, 2022 |archive-date=July 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702104005/https://wordpress.org/plugins/activitypub/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ActivityPub |url=https://www.drupal.org/project/activitypub |website=Drupal.org |language=en |date=23 February 2019 |access-date=March 6, 2022 |archive-date=March 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220306102802/https://www.drupal.org/project/activitypub |url-status=live }}</ref> as well as bridges for other protocols such as [[RSS]] and [[Matrix (protocol)|Matrix]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kazemi |first1=Darius |title=RSS to ActivityPub Converter |website=[[GitHub]] |url=https://github.com/dariusk/rss-to-activitypub |date=16 July 2023 |access-date=July 27, 2023 |archive-date=July 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727183506/https://github.com/dariusk/rss-to-activitypub |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kazarma |url=https://kazar.ma/ |website=kazar.ma |access-date=July 27, 2023 |archive-date=July 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727183508/https://kazar.ma/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

<!-- READ THIS BEFORE YOU ADD ANYTHING BELOW -->
<!-- [1] This is for SOFTWARE only. This is not to advertise or list instances/servers. There are thousands, if not millions, of instances/servers, should we list them all? -->
<!-- [2] This is for ActivityPub compatible software only. Do not add software without support for ActivityPub protocol. -->
<!-- Alphabetical sorting. It is not possible to set a default sort for the table. -->
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
!scope="col"| Software name
!scope="col"| [[Active users|MAU]]<ref>{{cite web |title=FediDB - Fediverse Network Statistics |url=https://fedidb.org/software |website=fedidb.org |access-date=July 24, 2023 |archive-date=July 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724214621/https://fedidb.org/software |url-status=live }}</ref>
!scope="col"| Initial fediverse-compatible release
!scope="col"| Type
|-
!scope="row"| Akkoma<ref name="Akkoma">{{cite web |url=https://akkoma.social/ |title=akkoma.social |access-date=April 7, 2023 |archive-date=April 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405054140/https://akkoma.social/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
| <!-- MAU --> 4,164
| <!-- Year released --> 2022<ref>{{cite web |title=Akkoma: A vision to refocus Pleroma |url=https://coffee-and-dreams.uk/development/2022/06/24/akkoma.html |website=Coffee and Dreams |language=en |date=24 June 2022 |access-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-date=July 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701181427/https://coffee-and-dreams.uk/development/2022/06/24/akkoma.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[Microblogging]]
|-
!scope="row"| BookWyrm<ref name="BookWyrm">{{cite web |url=https://bookwyrm.social/ |author=bookwyrm |title=Bookwyrm |access-date=May 26, 2021 |archive-date=May 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526163044/https://bookwyrm.social/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
| <!-- MAU --> 4,834
| <!-- Year released --> 2021<ref>{{cite web |title=BookWyrm (@bookwyrm@tech.lgbt) |url=https://tech.lgbt/@bookwyrm/106189922705252293 |website=LGBTQIA+ Tech Mastodon |language=en |date=6 May 2021 |access-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725173607/https://tech.lgbt/@bookwyrm/106189922705252293 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| Book cataloguing
|-
!scope="row"| Castopod<ref>{{cite web | title=Castopod features | url=https://docs.castopod.org/#features | access-date=November 7, 2022 | archive-date=May 6, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506145615/https://docs.castopod.org/#features | url-status=live}}</ref>
| <!-- MAU -->
| <!-- Year released --> 2020<ref>{{cite web |title=Release v1.0.0-alpha.1: chore(release): 1.0.0-alpha.1 [skip ci] · ad-aures/castopod |url=https://github.com/ad-aures/castopod/releases/tag/v1.0.0-alpha.1 |website=GitHub |language=en |access-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725173610/https://github.com/ad-aures/castopod/releases/tag/v1.0.0-alpha.1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| Podcasting
|-
!scope="row"| Epicyon<ref>{{cite web |title=Epicyon ActivityPub server |url=https://epicyon.net/ |website=epicyon.net |access-date=July 24, 2023 |archive-date=July 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724210203/https://epicyon.net/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| <!-- MAU -->
| <!-- Year released --> 2019<ref>{{cite web |title=Epicyon 1.0 release {{!}} LibreServer Blog |url=https://blog.libreserver.org/epicyon-1-0-release |website=blog.libreserver.org |access-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-date=June 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609235533/https://blog.libreserver.org/epicyon-1-0-release |url-status=live }}</ref>
| [[Microblogging]]
|-
!scope="row"| Firefish (f. Calckey)<ref name="Firefish">{{cite web | url=https://codeberg.org/firefish/firefish | title=Firefish | access-date=July 22, 2023 | archive-date=November 8, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108212244/https://codeberg.org/thatonecalculator/calckey | url-status=live}}</ref>
| <!-- MAU --> 10,935
| <!-- Year released -->2022<ref>{{cite web |title=firefish |url=https://codeberg.org/firefish/firefish/releases/tag/v12.117.1-calc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726150238/https://codeberg.org/firefish/firefish/releases/tag/v12.117.1-calc |archive-date=July 26, 2023 |access-date=July 26, 2023 |website=[[Codeberg|Codeberg.org]]}}</ref>
| [[Microblogging]]
|-
!scope="row"| [[Friendica]]<br />(f. Friendika; orig. Mistpark)
| <!-- MAU --> 2,335
| <!-- Year released --> 2010
| [[Blogging]], image gallery, event planner, groups
|-
!scope="row"| Funkwhale<ref name="Funkwhale">{{cite web
|url=https://funkwhale.audio/ |author=funkwhale |title=Funkwhale |access-date=May 2, 2019 |archive-date=May 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502065006/https://funkwhale.audio/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
| <!-- MAU --> 600
| <!-- Year released --> 2018<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collective |first1=Funkwhale |title=Funkwhale Blog ~ Funkwhale 0.17 is out! |url=https://blog.funkwhale.audio/funkwhale-017-is-out.html |website=blog.funkwhale.audio |language=en |access-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725173608/https://blog.funkwhale.audio/funkwhale-017-is-out.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| Music hosting
|-
!scope="row"| Gancio<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://gancio.org/ |website=Gancio |access-date=July 24, 2023 |archive-date=July 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724210414/https://gancio.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| <!-- MAU -->
| <!-- Year released --> 2020<ref>{{cite web |title=v0.21.0 · les / gancio · GitLab |url=https://framagit.org/les/gancio/-/releases/v0.21.0 |website=GitLab |language=en |access-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725173604/https://framagit.org/les/gancio/-/releases/v0.21.0 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| Events, calendar
|-
!scope="row"| [[GNU social]]<br />(f. StatusNet; orig. Laconica)
| <!-- MAU --> 137
| <!-- Year released --> 2008
| [[Microblogging]]
|-
!scope="row"| GoToSocial<ref name="GoToSocial">{{cite web | url=https://github.com/superseriousbusiness/gotosocial | title=GoToSocial | website=[[GitHub]] | access-date=December 27, 2022 | archive-date=January 1, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230101202246/https://github.com/superseriousbusiness/gotosocial | url-status=live}}</ref>
| <!-- MAU --> 42
| <!-- Year released --> 2021<ref>{{cite web |title=Release v0.1.0 · superseriousbusiness/gotosocial |url=https://github.com/superseriousbusiness/gotosocial/releases/tag/v0.1.0 |website=GitHub |language=en |access-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-date=July 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722004952/https://github.com/superseriousbusiness/gotosocial/releases/tag/v0.1.0 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| [[Microblogging]]
|-
!scope="row"| Guppe<ref>{{cite web|author=immers-space|title=Decentralized social groups for ActivityPub|website=[[GitHub]]|url=https://github.com/immers-space/guppe|access-date=November 22, 2022|archive-date=November 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122084416/https://github.com/immers-space/guppe|url-status=live}}</ref>
| <!-- MAU -->
| <!-- Year released --> 2021<ref>{{cite web |title=Release First major release · immers-space/guppe |url=https://github.com/immers-space/guppe/releases/tag/v1.0.0 |website=GitHub |language=en |access-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725173603/https://github.com/immers-space/guppe/releases/tag/v1.0.0 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| Groups
|-
!scope="row"| Honk<ref>{{cite web |title=humungus - honk |url=https://humungus.tedunangst.com/r/honk |website=humungus.tedunangst.com |access-date=July 24, 2023 |archive-date=July 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724210607/https://humungus.tedunangst.com/r/honk |url-status=live }}</ref>
| <!-- MAU -->
| <!-- Year released --> 2019<ref>{{cite web |title=honk 0.1 |url=https://flak.tedunangst.com/post/honk |website=flak.tedunangst.com |access-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725173604/https://flak.tedunangst.com/post/honk |url-status=live }}</ref>
| [[Microblogging]]
|-
!scope="row"| Hubzilla<br />(f. RedMatrix; orig. Friendica-Red)<ref>{{cite web |title=Hubzilla - Frequently asked questions |url=https://hubzilla.org/page/hubzilla/faq |website=hubzilla.org |access-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725001644/https://hubzilla.org/page/hubzilla/faq |url-status=live }}</ref>
| <!-- MAU --> 933
| <!-- Year released --> 2015<ref>{{cite web |title=Hubzilla (1.0) release |url=https://macgirvin.com/page/mike/hubzilla-1 |date=21 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021071742/https://macgirvin.com/page/mike/hubzilla-1 |archive-date=October 21, 2016 }}</ref>
| [[Content Management System|CMS]], [[blogging]], [[wiki]], image gallery, file hosting
|-
!scope="row"| Inventaire.io<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 7, 2021 |title=Inventaire toot |url=https://mamot.fr/@inventaire/107405333892235843 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828151206/https://mamot.fr/@inventaire/107405333892235843 |archive-date=August 28, 2022 |access-date=October 17, 2022 |website=mamot.fr}}</ref>
| <!-- MAU -->
| <!-- Year released --> 2021
| Book cataloguing
|-
!scope="row"| Kbin<ref>{{cite web |title=kbin.pub - Fediverse of content |url=https://kbin.pub/en |website=kbin.pub |access-date=July 24, 2023 |archive-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725125409/https://kbin.pub/en |url-status=live }}</ref>
| <!-- MAU --> 33,112
| <!-- Year released --> Pre-release
| [[Social network aggregation|Link aggregator]], [[Internet forum|forum]], [[microblogging]]
|-
!scope="row"| [[Lemmy (software)|Lemmy]]
| <!-- MAU --> 69,784
| <!-- Year released --> 2019
| [[Social network aggregation|Link aggregator]], [[Internet forum|forum]]
|-
!scope="row"| [[Libervia]]
| <!-- MAU -->
| <!-- Year released --> 2022
| [[Instant messaging]], [[microblogging]], [[blogging]], [[file sharing]], event management
|-
!scope="row"| lotide<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sr.ht/~vpzom/lotide/ |title=lotide |access-date=October 29, 2020 |archive-date=October 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031143957/https://sr.ht/~vpzom/lotide/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
| <!-- MAU -->
| <!-- Year released --> 2020<ref>{{cite web |title=Release v0.1.1 · lotide-org/lotide |url=https://github.com/lotide-org/lotide/releases/tag/v0.1.1 |website=GitHub |language=en |access-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725173608/https://github.com/lotide-org/lotide/releases/tag/v0.1.1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| [[Social network aggregation|Link aggregator]]
|-
!scope="row"| [[Mastodon (software)|Mastodon]]
| <!-- MAU --> 14,791,133 <ref>{{cite web |title=Mastodon Users update post |url=https://mastodon.social/@mastodonusercount/111992243027819694 |website=GitHub |language=en |access-date=February 25, 2024 |archive-date=February 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225153502/https://mastodon.social/@mastodonusercount/111992243027819694 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| <!-- Year released --> 2016
| [[Microblogging]]
|-
!scope="row"| Mbin<ref>{{cite web |title=Mbin - a fork of kbin - community-focused |url=https://fedidb.org/software/mbin |website=fedidb.org/software/mbin |access-date=February 28, 2024 |archive-date=February 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228123313/https://kbin.melroy.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| <!-- MAU --> 456
| <!-- Year released --> 2023
| [[Social network aggregation|Link aggregator]], [[Internet forum|forum]], [[microblogging]]
|-
!scope="row"| [[Micro.blog]]
| <!-- MAU --> 4,964
| <!-- Year released --> 2017
| [[Microblogging]], [[blog|blogg]]ing, [[photoblog|photoblogg]]ing, [[podcast]]ing
|-
!scope="row"| microblog.pub<ref>{{cite web |title=microblog.pub: A self-hosted, single-user, ActivityPub powered microblog. |url=https://sr.ht/~tsileo/microblog.pub/ |website=sr.ht |access-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725160724/https://sr.ht/~tsileo/microblog.pub/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| <!-- MAU -->
| <!-- Year released --> 2022<ref>{{cite web |title=Release 2.0.0-rc.1 · tsileo/microblog.pub |url=https://github.com/tsileo/microblog.pub/releases/tag/2.0.0-rc.1 |website=GitHub |language=en |access-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725173603/https://github.com/tsileo/microblog.pub/releases/tag/2.0.0-rc.1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| [[Microblogging]]
|-
!scope="row"| Misskey
| <!-- MAU --> 15,541
| <!-- Year released --> 2018
| [[Microblogging]]
|-
!scope="row"| [[Mobilizon]]
| <!-- MAU -->
| <!-- Year released --> 2020
| Event and group management
|-
!scope="row"| [[Nextcloud Social]]
| <!-- MAU -->
| <!-- Year released --> 2018<ref>{{cite web |last1=Poortvliet |first1=Jos |title=Nextcloud introduces social features, joins the fediverse |url=https://nextcloud.com/blog/nextcloud-introduces-social-features-joins-the-fediverse/ |website=Nextcloud |date=10 December 2018 |access-date=December 10, 2018 |archive-date=December 10, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210133202/https://nextcloud.com/blog/nextcloud-introduces-social-features-joins-the-fediverse/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| File hosting
|-
!scope="row"| Owncast<ref name="Owncast">{{cite web |url=https://owncast.online/releases/owncast-0.0.11 |title=Owncast v0.0.11 |date=March 5, 2022 |access-date=March 5, 2022 |archive-date=March 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305194706/https://owncast.online/releases/owncast-0.0.11/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
| <!-- MAU --> 203
| <!-- Year released --> 2022
| Live video streaming
|-
!scope="row"| [[PeerTube]]
| <!-- MAU --> 18,646
| <!-- Year released --> 2018
| Video sharing
|-
!scope="row"| [[Pixelfed]]
| <!-- MAU --> 18,733
| <!-- Year released --> 2018
| Image sharing
|-
!scope="row"| Pleroma<ref name="Pleroma.social">{{cite web |title=Pleroma — a lightweight fediverse server |url=https://pleroma.social/ |website=Pleroma |access-date=January 22, 2023 |archive-date=January 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120234503/https://pleroma.social/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
| <!-- MAU --> 18,094
| <!-- Year released --> 2019<ref>{{cite web |title=Pleroma's First Release! 0.9.9 |url=https://pleroma.social/blog/2019/02/22/pleroma-0.9.9/ |website=pleroma.social |language=en |access-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725173605/https://pleroma.social/blog/2019/02/22/pleroma-0.9.9/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| [[Microblogging]]
|-
!scope="row"| [[Plume]]<ref name="Plume">{{cite web |url=https://joinplu.me/ |author=joinplu.me |title=Plume |access-date=May 2, 2019 |archive-date=May 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510072641/https://joinplu.me/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
| <!-- MAU -->
| <!-- Year released --> 2018<ref>{{cite web |title=Release 0.2.0 (Alpha 1) · Plume-org/Plume |url=https://github.com/Plume-org/Plume/releases/tag/0.2.0-alpha-1 |website=GitHub |language=en |access-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725173603/https://github.com/Plume-org/Plume/releases/tag/0.2.0-alpha-1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| [[Blog]]ging
|-
!scope="row"| Postmarks<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/ckolderup/postmarks|title=postmarks|website=github.com|accessdate=October 7, 2023|archive-date=September 15, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230915023957/github.com/ckolderup/postmarks|url-status=live}}</ref>
| <!-- MAU -->
| <!-- Year released --> 2023<ref>{{cite web|title=Postmarks|url=https://motd.co/2023/09/postmarks-launch/|website=GitHub|language=en|access-date=October 7, 2023|archive-date=September 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923072259/https://motd.co/2023/09/postmarks-launch/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| Bookmarking
|-
!scope="row"|Sharkey<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sharkey |url=https://joinsharkey.org/ |access-date=2024-01-11 |website=joinsharkey.org}}</ref>
|<!-- MAU -->752
|<!-- Year Released -->2023
|[[Microblogging]]
|-
!scope="row"| Soapbox.pub<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gitlab.com/soapbox-pub/soapbox|title=soapbox.pub|website=gitlab.com|accessdate=February 22, 2024|archive-date=February 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240207153335/https://gitlab.com/soapbox-pub/soapbox|url-status=live}}</ref>
| <!-- MAU -->
| <!-- Year released --> 2020<ref>{{cite web |title=History - Soapbox Docs |url=https://docs.soapbox.pub/frontend/history/ |website=Soapbox.pub |language=en |access-date=February 22, 2024 |archive-date=December 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223232313/https://docs.soapbox.pub/frontend/history/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| [[Microblogging]]
|-
!scope="row"| Socialhome
| <!-- MAU --> 42
| <!-- Year released --> 2016<ref>{{cite web |title=Release v0.1.1: Merge pull request #6 from jaywink/travisify · jaywink/socialhome |url=https://github.com/jaywink/socialhome/releases/tag/v0.1.1 |website=GitHub |language=en |access-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725173605/https://github.com/jaywink/socialhome/releases/tag/v0.1.1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| [[Microblogging]], [[blogging]]
|-
!scope="row"| Streams<ref>{{Cite web |title=streams |url=https://codeberg.org/streams/streams |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709002251/https://codeberg.org/streams/streams |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |accessdate=November 2, 2022 |website=[[Codeberg|Codeberg.org]]}}</ref>
| <!-- MAU -->
| <!-- Year released --> 2022<ref>{{cite web |title=Official release |url=https://macgirvin.com/channel/mike?mid=https://macgirvin.com/item/d0d37b08-8522-480c-b0a1-23bf65bd26d5 |website=Mike Macgirvin |language=en |access-date=September 23, 2023 |archive-date=December 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213070241/https://macgirvin.com/channel/mike?mid=https://macgirvin.com/item/d0d37b08-8522-480c-b0a1-23bf65bd26d5 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| [[Blogging]], [[wiki]], image sharing
|-
!scope="row"| Takahē<ref>{{cite web |url=https://jointakahe.org/ |title=takahē |access-date=December 27, 2022 |archive-date=December 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227151258/https://jointakahe.org/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
| <!-- MAU --> 5
| <!-- Year released --> 2022<ref>{{cite web |title=Release 0.3.0 · jointakahe/takahe |url=https://github.com/jointakahe/takahe/releases/tag/0.3.0 |website=GitHub |language=en |access-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725173606/https://github.com/jointakahe/takahe/releases/tag/0.3.0 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| [[Microblogging]]
|-
!scope="row"| WriteFreely<ref>{{cite web |title=WriteFreely |url=https://writefreely.org/ |website=WriteFreely |access-date=July 24, 2023 |archive-date=July 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729031917/https://writefreely.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| <!-- MAU -->
| <!-- Year released --> 2018<ref>{{cite web |title=Hello, World |url=https://blog.writefreely.org/hello-world |website=WriteFreely |language=en |date=10 November 2018 |access-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725173603/https://blog.writefreely.org/hello-world |url-status=live }}</ref>
| [[Blog]]ging
|-
!scope="row"| Zap<ref>{{cite web |title=Zap |url=https://zotlabs.org/page/zap/zap |website=zotlabs.org |access-date=July 25, 2023 |archive-date=June 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620225132/https://zotlabs.org/page/zap/zap |url-status=live }}</ref>
| <!-- MAU -->
| <!-- Year released -->
| [[Blogging]], image gallery, file hosting
|}


== See also ==
== See also ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Commons category}}
* [[ActivityPub]]
* [[Comparison of software and protocols for distributed social networking]]
* [[Comparison of software and protocols for distributed social networking]]
* [[IndieWeb]]
* [[IndieWeb]]

Revision as of 08:50, 10 March 2024

Excerpt of common protocols and platforms in the Fediverse (2023)

The fediverse (a portmanteau of "federation" and "universe") is an ensemble of social networks which can communicate with each other, while remaining independent platforms. Users on different social networks and websites can send and receive updates from others across the network.

ActivityPub, a W3C standard, is the most widely used protocol that powers the fediverse. Noted fediverse platforms include Mastodon, Lemmy, PeerTube, and Pixelfed.

Nearly all fediverse platforms are free and open-source software.

History

The various platforms of the fediverse, as well as other federated networks, visualised as a tree

The term fediverse was first used to describe the network formed by software using the OStatus protocol, such as GNU Social, Mastodon, and Friendica.[1]

In January 2018, the W3C presented the ActivityPub protocol, aiming to improve the interoperability between different software packages run on a wide network of servers. By 2019, a majority of software that was previously using OStatus had switched to ActivityPub,[2] and the term "fediverse" came to refer to the ActivityPub-based federated network.[citation needed]

Other Protocols

Other similar protocols include Bluesky's AT Protocol, Nostr and Farcaster.[3]

Potential Adoption

Certain social networks, including Threads[4] and Tumblr, have expressed interest in adding fediverse-compatibility.[5]

Design

While a traditional social networking site will host all its content on servers owned by the parent company, the decentralized social media sites that make up the fediverse allow any individual or organization to host their own servers (referred to as an "instance").

Every instance is independent, and can set its own rules and expectations. Even so, much like how users of one email service such as Gmail can still send emails to users of another service such as Outlook, users may still view content and interact with users on any other instance in the fediverse. A user on one Mastodon instance, for example, may still view and interact with posts made by a user on a different Mastodon instance.[6]

Instances hosted by different social networking services may communicate with one another as well. A user on the microblogging platform Misskey, for example, may view and interact with posts made by users on Mastodon. Some fediverse networks even allow users to interact with multiple social networking formats from the same platform. For example, kbin and its fork mbin allow users to interact with discussion forums (like those hosted on Lemmy instances) as well as microblog posts (as can be found on Mastodon).[7][8]

Software

There are many different software packages and services that allow users to participate in the fediverse. Some of them vaguely resemble Twitter in style (for example, Mastodon, Misskey, GNU social, and Pleroma, which are similar in their microblogging function), while others include more communication and transaction options that are instead comparable to Facebook (such as is the case with Friendica and Hubzilla). There are also third-party plugins for many CMSs such as WordPress and Drupal,[9][10] as well as bridges for other protocols such as RSS and Matrix.[11][12]

Software name MAU[13] Initial fediverse-compatible release Type
Akkoma[14] 4,164 2022[15] Microblogging
BookWyrm[16] 4,834 2021[17] Book cataloguing
Castopod[18] 2020[19] Podcasting
Epicyon[20] 2019[21] Microblogging
Firefish (f. Calckey)[22] 10,935 2022[23] Microblogging
Friendica
(f. Friendika; orig. Mistpark) 		2,335 2010 Blogging, image gallery, event planner, groups
Funkwhale[24] 600 2018[25] Music hosting
Gancio[26] 2020[27] Events, calendar
GNU social
(f. StatusNet; orig. Laconica) 		137 2008 Microblogging
GoToSocial[28] 42 2021[29] Microblogging
Guppe[30] 2021[31] Groups
Honk[32] 2019[33] Microblogging
Hubzilla
(f. RedMatrix; orig. Friendica-Red)[34] 		933 2015[35] CMS, blogging, wiki, image gallery, file hosting
Inventaire.io[36] 2021 Book cataloguing
Kbin[37] 33,112 Pre-release Link aggregator, forum, microblogging
Lemmy 69,784 2019 Link aggregator, forum
Libervia 2022 Instant messaging, microblogging, blogging, file sharing, event management
lotide[38] 2020[39] Link aggregator
Mastodon 14,791,133 [40] 2016 Microblogging
Mbin[41] 456 2023 Link aggregator, forum, microblogging
Micro.blog 4,964 2017 Microblogging, blogging, photoblogging, podcasting
microblog.pub[42] 2022[43] Microblogging
Misskey 15,541 2018 Microblogging
Mobilizon 2020 Event and group management
Nextcloud Social 2018[44] File hosting
Owncast[45] 203 2022 Live video streaming
PeerTube 18,646 2018 Video sharing
Pixelfed 18,733 2018 Image sharing
Pleroma[46] 18,094 2019[47] Microblogging
Plume[48] 2018[49] Blogging
Postmarks[50] 2023[51] Bookmarking
Sharkey[52] 752 2023 Microblogging
Soapbox.pub[53] 2020[54] Microblogging
Socialhome 42 2016[55] Microblogging, blogging
Streams[56] 2022[57] Blogging, wiki, image sharing
Takahē[58] 5 2022[59] Microblogging
WriteFreely[60] 2018[61] Blogging
Zap[62] Blogging, image gallery, file hosting

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fediverse.

References

  1. ^ Tilley, Sean (September 24, 2017). "A quick guide to The Free Network". We Distribute. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
  2. ^ "Remove OStatus-related code · Issue #10740 · mastodon/mastodon". GitHub. Archived from the original on July 25, 2023. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
  3. ^ Pierce, David (December 19, 2023). "2023 in social media: the case for the fediverse". The Verge. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
  4. ^ "Introducing Threads: A New Way to Share with Text". July 5, 2023. Retrieved December 25, 2023. Our vision is that people using compatible apps will be able to follow and interact with people on Threads without having a Threads account, and vice versa, ushering in a new era of diverse and interconnected networks.
  5. ^ Bell, Karissa (July 5, 2023). "Meta's Threads app is here to challenge Twitter". Engadget. Yahoo. Archived from the original on July 6, 2023. Retrieved July 6, 2023.
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Further reading

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fediverse&oldid=1212942668"