Claudia Sheinbaum: Difference between revisions
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{{Main|Mexico City Metro overpass collapse}} |
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At around 10:22 p.m. on 3 May 2021, several girders, part of the tracks, and two wagons of [[Mexico City Metro Line 12|Line 12]] of the Mexico City Metro collapsed between the [[Olivos metro station|Olivos]] and [[Tezonco metro station|Tezonco]] stations. The casualties were 26 dead, 80 injured, and five missing. Line 12 of the Metro was inaugurated on 30 October 2012 by the Head of Government of Mexico City, |
At around 10:22 p.m. on 3 May 2021, several girders, part of the tracks, and two wagons of [[Mexico City Metro Line 12|Line 12]] of the Mexico City Metro collapsed between the [[Olivos metro station|Olivos]] and [[Tezonco metro station|Tezonco]] stations. The casualties were 26 dead, 80 injured, and five missing. Line 12 of the Metro was inaugurated on 30 October 2012 by the Head of Government of Mexico City, Marcelo Ebrard, and the President of Mexico, [[Felipe Calderón]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Con Calderón y Ebrard en la ceremonia: así fue la inauguración de la Línea 12 del Metro en 2012 |url=https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2021/05/04/con-calderon-y-ebrard-en-la-ceremonia-asi-fue-la-inauguracion-de-la-linea-12-del-metro-en-2012/ |access-date=3 June 2024 |agency=Infobae |date=4 May 2021 |archive-date=28 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128132700/https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2021/05/04/con-calderon-y-ebrard-en-la-ceremonia-asi-fue-la-inauguracion-de-la-linea-12-del-metro-en-2012/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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Engineering flaws that had existed since before the line's inauguration became worse over time, necessitating maintenance repairs over the next three years, including an unprecedented [[Mexico City Metro Line 12#Temporary partial closure|closure of the line]] to re-shape some sections of tracks, and to replace the rails; most of these improvements were carried out during the term of [[Miguel Ángel Mancera]] as Head of Government. On 4 May 2021, Ebrard, then serving as [[Secretary of Foreign Affairs (Mexico)|Secretary of Foreign Affairs]], said that the work was definitively delivered in July 2013, after reviews carried out for seven months, and expressed his willingness to respond and collaborate in the event of any request from the authorities.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 May 2021 |title=Ebrard da la cara tras accidente en Metro. El que nada debe nada teme: Ebrard sobre accidente en L12 del Metro |url=https://www.milenio.com/politica/metro-el-que-nada-debe-nada-teme-dice-ebrard-sobre-accidente-en-l12 |access-date=28 December 2021 |language=es |newspaper=Milenio Diario |archive-date=28 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228214647/https://www.milenio.com/politica/metro-el-que-nada-debe-nada-teme-dice-ebrard-sobre-accidente-en-l12 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
Engineering flaws that had existed since before the line's inauguration became worse over time, necessitating maintenance repairs over the next three years, including an unprecedented [[Mexico City Metro Line 12#Temporary partial closure|closure of the line]] to re-shape some sections of tracks, and to replace the rails; most of these improvements were carried out during the term of [[Miguel Ángel Mancera]] as Head of Government. On 4 May 2021, Ebrard, then serving as [[Secretary of Foreign Affairs (Mexico)|Secretary of Foreign Affairs]], said that the work was definitively delivered in July 2013, after reviews carried out for seven months, and expressed his willingness to respond and collaborate in the event of any request from the authorities.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 May 2021 |title=Ebrard da la cara tras accidente en Metro. El que nada debe nada teme: Ebrard sobre accidente en L12 del Metro |url=https://www.milenio.com/politica/metro-el-que-nada-debe-nada-teme-dice-ebrard-sobre-accidente-en-l12 |access-date=28 December 2021 |language=es |newspaper=Milenio Diario |archive-date=28 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228214647/https://www.milenio.com/politica/metro-el-que-nada-debe-nada-teme-dice-ebrard-sobre-accidente-en-l12 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
Revision as of 11:54, 4 June 2024
Claudia Sheinbaum | |
---|---|
![]() Sheinbaum in 2024 | |
President-elect of Mexico | |
Assuming office 1 October 2024[1] | |
Succeeding | Andrés Manuel López Obrador |
Head of Government of Mexico City | |
In office 5 December 2018 – 16 June 2023 | |
Preceded by | José Ramón Amieva |
Succeeded by | Martí Batres |
Mayor of Tlalpan | |
In office 1 October 2015 – 6 December 2017 | |
Preceded by | Héctor Hugo Hernández Rodríguez |
Succeeded by | Fernando Hernández Palacios |
Secretary of the Environment of Mexico City | |
In office 5 December 2000 – 15 May 2006 | |
Head of Government | Andrés Manuel López Obrador |
Preceded by | Alejandro Encinas Rodríguez |
Succeeded by | Eduardo Vega López |
Personal details | |
Born | Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo 24 June 1962[2] Mexico City, Mexico |
Political party | Morena (since 2014) |
Other political affiliations | Party of the Democratic Revolution (1989–2014) |
Spouses | Carlos Ímaz Gispert
(m. 1987; div. 2016)Jesús María Tarriba (m. 2023) |
Children | 2 |
Parent(s) | Carlos Sheinbaum Yoselevitz (father) Annie Pardo Cemo (mother) |
Education | National Autonomous University of Mexico (BS, MS, PhD) |
Signature | ![]() |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Energy conservation, energy policy, sustainable development |
Institutions | National Autonomous University of Mexico |
Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo (born 24 June 1962)[2] is a Mexican politician, scientist, and academic. Having won the 2024 Mexican general election representing the left-wing political party Morena, she is currently the President-elect of Mexico.[3]
From 2000 to 2006, Sheinbaum served as Secretary of the Environment under future president Andrés Manuel López Obrador during his tenure as Head of Government of Mexico City. She was Delegational Chief of the Tlalpan borough from 2015 to 2017 and was elected Head of Government of Mexico City in the 2018 election, where she ran a campaign that emphasized curbing crime and enforcing zoning laws.[4]
A scientist by profession, Sheinbaum received her Ph.D. in energy engineering from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). As an academic, she has authored over 100 articles and two books on energy, the environment, and sustainable development. She contributed to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and in 2018 was named one of the BBC's 100 Women.[5]
On 12 June 2023, Sheinbaum resigned from her position as Head of Government of Mexico City to seek Morena's presidential nomination in the 2024 election. On 6 September, she secured the party's nomination over her nearest rival, former foreign secretary Marcelo Ebrard.[6] On 2 June 2024, she won the general election in a landslide. After she assumes office, she will be the first female president of Mexico and the first president of Mexico from a Jewish background.Note[7][8]
Early life
Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo was born to a secular Jewish family in Mexico City.[9] Her paternal Ashkenazi grandparents emigrated from Lithuania to Mexico City in the 1920s, while her maternal Sephardic grandparents emigrated there from Sofia, Bulgaria, in the early 1940s to escape the Holocaust. She celebrated the major Jewish holidays at her grandparents' homes.[10][9]
Both of her parents are scientists: her mother, Annie Pardo Cemo, is a biologist and professor emeritus at the Faculty of Sciences at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, and her father, Carlos Sheinbaum Yoselevitz, was a chemical engineer.[11][10][12] Her brother, Julio, is a physicist.[12]
Academic career
Sheinbaum studied physics at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), where she earned an undergraduate degree in 1989. She earned a master's degree in 1994 and a Ph.D. in 1995 in energy engineering.[13][12][14]
Sheinbaum completed the work for her Ph.D. thesis between 1991 and 1994 at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California. While working for the laboratory, she analyzed the use of energy in the Mexican transportation sector and published studies on the trends in Mexican building energy use.[15][16][17]
In 1995, she joined the faculty at the Institute of Engineering at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM).[12] She was a researcher at the Institute of Engineering and is a member of both the Sistema Nacional de Investigadores and the Mexican Academy of Sciences.[18] In 1999, she received the prize for best UNAM young researcher in engineering and technological innovation.[19]
In 2006, Sheinbaum returned to UNAM, after a period in government, and began publishing articles in scientific journals.[12]
In 2007, she joined the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) at the United Nations in the field of energy and industry, as a contributing writer on the topic "Mitigation of Climate Change" for the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report.[20] The group won the Nobel Peace Prize that year.[17] In 2013, she cowrote the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report alongside eleven other industry experts.[21]
Early political career
During her time as a student at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, Sheinbaum was a member of the Consejo Estudiantil Universitario (University Student Council),[22] a group of students that would become the founding youth movement of the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD).[23]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Madrid_y_Ciudad_de_M%C3%A9xico%2C_dispuestas_a_reforzar_su_mutua_colaboraci%C3%B3n_01.jpg/170px-Madrid_y_Ciudad_de_M%C3%A9xico%2C_dispuestas_a_reforzar_su_mutua_colaboraci%C3%B3n_01.jpg)
Sheinbaum served as the Secretary of the Environment of Mexico City from 5 December 2000, having been appointed on 20 November 2000 to the cabinet of the Head of Government of Mexico City, Andrés Manuel López Obrador.[24] During her term, which concluded in May 2006, she was responsible for the construction of an electronic vehicle-registration center for Mexico City.[19][25] She also oversaw the introduction of the Metrobús, a bus rapid transit system with dedicated lanes, and the construction of the second story of the Anillo Periférico, Mexico City's ring road.[12]
López Obrador included Sheinbaum in his proposed cabinet for the Secretariat of Environment and Natural Resources as part of his campaign for the 2012 presidential election.[26] In 2014, she joined López Obrador's splinter movement, which broke away from the mainstream left-wing party, the Party of the Democratic Revolution.[16] She served as Secretary of the Environment in 2015.[16]
Mayor of Tlalpan
From the end of 2015, Sheinbaum served as the mayor of Tlalpan.[27] She resigned from the position in 2017 upon receiving the nomination for the candidacy of the mayor of Mexico City for the Juntos Haremos Historia (Together We Will Make History) coalition,[18] consisting of the National Regeneration Movement (MORENA), the Labor Party (PT), and the Social Encounter Party (PES).[28]
Chapel demolition
On 29 April 2016, during Sheinbaum's tenure as mayor of Tlalpan, city staff were ordered to demolish a wall that had been built illegally adjacent to a chapel (Capilla del Señor de los Trabajos) in Tlalpan's Cultura Maya neighborhood.[29][30] The workers instructed to demolish the wall also destroyed part of the chapel's structure, including its sheet-metal roof, and removed religious images.[31] Juan Guillermo Blandón Pérez, the parish priest, alleged that Sheinbaum was responsible for the demolition of the chapel and claimed that it was carried out without prior notification.[32]
Days after the chapel's demolition, borough authorities acknowledged their error.[33] Sheinbaum met with representatives of the church and proposed dividing the property in half and building a new chapel and a community art center.[31]
Enrique Rébsamen School collapse
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Colegio_Enrique_R%C3%A9bsamen_01.jpg/220px-Colegio_Enrique_R%C3%A9bsamen_01.jpg)
The Colegio Enrique Rébsamen, a private school in Tlalpan, collapsed during the 2017 Puebla earthquake, killing 19 children and seven adults. In September 2016, during Sheinbaum's term as mayor, the city's Institute for Administrative Verification had ruled that the school's building infringed zoning regulations and was built higher than was allowed, and that the owner, Mónica García Villegas, had presented falsified documents.[34][35] Sheinbaum faced criticism for not providing a complete account of the permits for the school's land use, construction, and operation.[36] Enrique Fuentes, a lawyer representing the deceased children's parents, stated that the mayor had an obligation to take action but had failed to do so, allowing the school to continue operating.[34]
2018 campaign for the Head of Government of Mexico City
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Resultado_Elecciones_CDMX_por_Demarcaci%C3%B3n_Territorial.svg/220px-Resultado_Elecciones_CDMX_por_Demarcaci%C3%B3n_Territorial.svg.png)
In August 2017, Sheinbaum participated in a poll conducted by the National Regeneration Movement to determine the party's candidate for the Head of Government of Mexico City.[37] The other contenders were Martí Batres, Mario Delgado, and Ricardo Monreal. Sheinbaum secured first place with 15.9% of the vote, beating her closest opponent, Batres, by 5.8 points.[38][39] On 5 December 2017, Sheinbaum resigned as mayor of Tlalpan in order to register her precandidacy.[40]
At her campaign launch on 1 April 2018, Sheinbaum named fighting crime as a policy priority, stating that she would hold regular public hearings, publish reported crime statistics, and rely on the Security Council for guidance. She committed to generating 1 million jobs during her term, maintaining the universal pension for seniors, and expanding the Mexico City Metrobús system in order to connect the city's outskirts with the center.[4][41]
During the campaign period, Sheinbaum was accused by members of Por México al Frente of being culpable for the collapse of the Colegio Enrique Rébsamen, a private school in Tlalpan, during the 2017 Puebla earthquake.[42]
On 1 July 2018, Sheinbaum was elected to a six-year term as the Head of Government of Mexico City with 47.08% of the vote, defeating six other candidates.[43]
Head of Government of Mexico City (2018–2023)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Toma_de_protesta_de_Claudia_Sheinbaum_3.jpg/220px-Toma_de_protesta_de_Claudia_Sheinbaum_3.jpg)
On 5 December 2018, Sheinbaum was inaugurated as Mexico City's head of government. She became the first female head of government and the first to come from a Jewish background.[8][9][16]
Crime and policing
Sheinbaum addressed security concerns through four key axes: addressing root causes, integrated with her education policy, which included initiatives like the Rosario Castellanos Institute of Higher Studies and the Pilares community centers; enhancing the quality and quantity of police forces; expanding intelligence and investigative capabilities; and improving coordination between the Attorney General's Office, mayors, and the Secretariat of Security and Civilian Protection.[44]
In the first 52 months of Sheinbaum's term, Mexico City saw 5,078 homicides, a figure higher than those recorded under the administrations of López Obrador, Marcelo Ebrard, and Miguel Ángel Mancera.[45] Despite this, Sheinbaum successfully reduced the homicide rate from 17.9 per 100,000 people in 2018 to 8.6 in 2022.[46][47]
Education
As part of her administration's education policy, the "Mi Beca para Empezar" scholarship program was created for 1.2 million students from preschool to secondary education, later elevated to constitutional law in Mexico City.[48][49] The Rosario Castellanos Institute of Higher Studies and the University of Health were created.[50][51] In addition, community centers called Pilares ("Pillars") were established in marginalized neighborhoods and towns to promote arts, sports, education, and cultural activities.[52]
Environment
In June 2019, Sheinbaum announced a new six-year environmental plan. It includes reducing air pollution by 30%, planting 15 million trees, banning single-use plastics and promoting recycling, building a new waste separation plant, providing water service to every home, constructing 100 kilometers of corridors for the exclusive use of trolleybus lines and the Mexico City Metrobús system, and constructing and installing solar water heaters and solar panels.[53]
Public transport
In September 2019, Sheinbaum announced a 40 billion peso (US$2 billion) investment to modernize the Mexico City Metro over the next five years, including modernization, re-strengthening, new trains, improving stations, stairways, train control and automation, user information, and payment systems.[54] The construction of 200 kilometers of bicycle paths, six bicycle stations, 2,500 new bicycles for the Ecobici system, subsidies for public transportation, and the introduction of the Cablebús cable car system in the Iztapalapa borough have aimed to alleviate traffic congestion and improve transit.[55]
Social issues
In 2019, Sheinbaum implemented a gender-neutral uniform policy for students in state-run schools, allowing them to wear uniforms of their choice regardless of gender.[56] In 2021, Sheinbaum removed a statue of Christopher Columbus from Mexico City's Paseo de la Reforma as part of what she referred to as a "decolonization" exercise.[57][58][59]
Crisis management
COVID-19 pandemic response
Shortly after the first COVID-19 case in Mexico City was confirmed on 28 February 2020, Sheinbaum addressed the city, emphasizing that although the risk was low, it was crucial for the population to stay informed through official sources.[60] On 19 March, Sheinbaum urged residents to stay at home to prevent the spread of infection. She also advised those with symptoms to text a hotline for guidance instead of going to hospitals, in order to avoid overwhelming the healthcare system.[61] On 22 March, Sheinbaum announced the closure of commercial establishments, cultural venues, sports facilities, and religious spaces.[62]
López Obrador and Sheinbaum had differing views on the use of face masks: Sheinbaum encouraged Mexico City residents to wear face masks, while López Obrador frequently did not to wear them in public.[63]
Sheinbaum was nominated by the City Mayors Foundation for the World Mayor Prize in 2021 in North America for her handling of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico.[64]
Collapse of Line 12 of the Mexico City Metro
At around 10:22 p.m. on 3 May 2021, several girders, part of the tracks, and two wagons of Line 12 of the Mexico City Metro collapsed between the Olivos and Tezonco stations. The casualties were 26 dead, 80 injured, and five missing. Line 12 of the Metro was inaugurated on 30 October 2012 by the Head of Government of Mexico City, Marcelo Ebrard, and the President of Mexico, Felipe Calderón.[65]
Engineering flaws that had existed since before the line's inauguration became worse over time, necessitating maintenance repairs over the next three years, including an unprecedented closure of the line to re-shape some sections of tracks, and to replace the rails; most of these improvements were carried out during the term of Miguel Ángel Mancera as Head of Government. On 4 May 2021, Ebrard, then serving as Secretary of Foreign Affairs, said that the work was definitively delivered in July 2013, after reviews carried out for seven months, and expressed his willingness to respond and collaborate in the event of any request from the authorities.[66]
The Norwegian company Det Norske Veritas (DNV), in charge of investigating the causes of the collapse of Metro Line 12, detected that one of the beams that collapsed already had structural failures since before the earthquake of 19 September 2017, a factor that had caused problems in the elevated section of the line that collapsed.[67] On 28 June 2021, Sheinbaum dismissed the general director of the Mexico City Metro, Florencia Serranía .[68]
Some critics said Sheinbaum and other leaders should have worked harder to improve the Metro's infrastructure. Some political observers suggested that the political fallout from the disaster could harm Sheinbaum's candidacy in the 2024 presidential election.[69][70] Alejo Sánchez Cano, editor of the Mexico City daily newspaper El Financiero, opined that Sheinbaum's responsibility was unavoidable, stating that after having been in office for two and a half years, she was negligent in failing to maintain the Metro system.[71]
2024 presidential campaign
Nomination
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Claudia_Sheinbaum_precandidata_presidencial.jpg/220px-Claudia_Sheinbaum_precandidata_presidencial.jpg)
On 12 June 2023, Sheinbaum announced that she would resign as head of government of Mexico City on 16 June in order to contend in the internal selection process to select a de facto presidential candidate for Juntos Hacemos Historia, a coalition encompassing Morena, the Labor Party, and the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico.[72][73][74]
The coalition's internal process consisted of five polls and were conducted from 28 August to 4 September. On 6 September, Sheinbaum was declared the winner, securing 39.38% of the vote and defeating her closest opponent, former foreign secretary Marcelo Ebrard, by around 13 points.[6] On 19 November 2023, Sheinbaum registered as the sole precandidate of Sigamos Haciendo Historia, the successor coalition to Juntos Hacemos Historia. Sheinbaum formally registered her candidacy at the National Electoral Institute (INE) on 18 February 2024.
General election
On 1 March 2024, Sheinbaum kicked off her campaign at the Zócalo, outlining her proposals and emphasizing her commitment to continuing President Lopez Obrador's policies.
Polls consistently indicated that Sheinbaum held a substantial lead over her main opponent, Xóchitl Gálvez, the candidate from the opposition coalition Fuerza y Corazón por México.[75]
The election took place on 2 June 2024, with Sheinbaum being projected the winner by the INE's quick count at 11:50 CST, making her the virtual president-elect of Mexico.[76] Preliminary results indicated that Sheinbaum received the highest number of votes ever recorded for a candidate in Mexican history, carried 31 out of 32 states, and achieved the highest vote percentage since 1982.[77] Results will be finalized through vote counts from 5 to 8 June.[78]
Political views
A lifelong leftist and scientist by background, Sheinbaum approaches policymaking with a data-driven approach.[79]
Social issues
Sheinbaum has openly identified herself as a feminist, aligning her beliefs and actions with the principles of gender equality and women's rights.[80] She advocates for the legalization of abortion, aligning her stance with broader movements aimed at promoting reproductive rights and autonomy for women.[81] During her leadership in Mexico City, Sheinbaum championed LGBT rights by implementing a gender-neutral policy for school uniforms.[82] In 2022, she became the first Head of Government of Mexico City to attend the city's pride march.[83]
Economy
Sheinbaum has criticized the neoliberal economic policies of past presidents of Mexico, arguing that they have contributed to inequality in the country.[84] She has promised to expand welfare under her presidency[85] and intends to continue programs started by López Obrador, such as universal pension.[86]
Environment
Sheinbaum has a background in environmental policy, having served as Minister of the Environment for Mexico City and worked on the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).[87] In her tenure as Minister of the Environment, she saw a marked reduction in air pollution and created community ecological reserves.[88] She has both spoken in favor of clean energy and in support of oil, having praised PEMEX (the nation's state-owned oil company).[79]
Personal life
In 1986, Sheinbaum met Carlos Imaz , who later became a prominent political figure in the PRD, during his tenure at Stanford University. They married in 1987 and separated in 2016. They have a daughter, born in 1988. Through the marriage, Sheinbaum became the stepmother to Ímaz's son from a previous marriage, whom she raised.[89]
In 2016, she began dating Jesús María Tarriba Unger, a financial risk analyst for the Bank of Mexico, whom she had known at university.[90] In November 2023, Sheinbaum announced her marriage to Tarriba via social media.[90]
Selected bibliography
This section needs additional citations for verification. (June 2024) |
Sheinbaum is the author of over 100 articles and two books on energy, the environment, and sustainable development.[91] A selection follows:
- Consumo de energía y emisiones de CO2 del autotransporte en México y Escenarios de Mitigación, Ávila-Solís JC, Sheinbaum-Pardo C. 2016.
- Decomposition analysis from demand services to material production: The case of CO2 emissions from steel produced for automobiles in Mexico, Applied Energy, 174: 245–255, Sheinbaum-Pardo C. 2016.
- The impact of energy efficiency standards on residential electricity consumption in Mexico, Energy for Sustainable Development, 32:50–61 Martínez-Montejo S.A., Sheinbaum-Pardo C. 2016.
- Science and Technology in the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals, World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, 14:2 – 17. Imaz M. Sheinbaum C. 2017.
- Assessing the Impacts of Final Demand on CO2-eq Emissions in the Mexican Economy: An Input-Output Analysis, Energy and Power Engineering, 9:40–54, Chatellier D, Sheinbaum C. 2017.
- Electricity sector reforms in four Latin-American countries and their impact on carbon dioxide emissions and renewable energy, Ruíz- Mendoza BJ, Sheinbaum-Pardo C. Energy Policy, 2010
- Energy consumption and related CO2 emissions in five Latin American countries: Changes from 1990 to 2006 and perspectives, Sheinbaum C, Ruíz BJ, Ozawa L. Energy, 2010.
- Mitigating Carbon Emissions while Advancing National Development Priorities: The Case of Mexico, C Sheinbaum, O Masera, Climatic Change, Springer, 2000.
- Energy use and CO2 emissions for Mexico's cement industry, C Sheinbaum, L Ozawa, Energy, Elsevier, 1998.
- Energy use and CO2 emissions in Mexico's iron and steel industry, L Ozawa, C Sheinbaum, N Martin, E Worrell, L Price, Energy, Elsevier, 2002.
- New trends in industrial energy efficiency in the Mexico iron and steel industry, L Ozawa, N Martin, E Worrell, L Price, C Sheinbaum, OSTI, 1999.
- Mexican Electric end-use Efficiency: Experiences to Date, R Friedmann, C Sheinbaum, Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, 1998.
- Incorporating Sustainable Development Concerns into Climate Change Mitigation: A Case Study, OR Masera, C Sheinbaum, Climate Change and Development, UDLAP, 2000.
Notes
- 1.^Note Carlos Salinas de Gortari, President of Mexico from 1988 to 1994, is of partial colonial-era Sephardic Jewish descent[92]
References
- ^ "Por qué junio y octubre son las nuevas fechas clave para las elecciones 2024 de México". CNN en Español. 20 January 2024. Archived from the original on 26 March 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
- ^ a b "Quién es Claudia Sheinbaum, la destacada científica que hará historia como la primera presidenta de México". BBC Mundo. 3 June 2024. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
- ^ "Ruling leftist party candidate Sheinbaum elected Mexico's first female president". 3 June 2024. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
- ^ a b "Mexico City's 1st Elected Female Mayor Takes Office". VOA. 5 December 2018. Archived from the original on 7 September 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
- ^ "BBC 100 Women 2018: Who is on the list?". BBC News. 19 November 2018. Archived from the original on 7 January 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
- ^ a b "Former Mexico City Mayor Claudia Sheinbaum to be the ruling party's presidential candidate". ABC News. 6 September 2023. Archived from the original on 7 September 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
- ^ Madry, Kylie; Valentine, Hilaire (2 June 2024). "Mexico's Sheinbaum poised to become first woman president". Reuters.
- ^ a b "Mexico's likely next president would be its first leader with a Jewish background". AP News. 22 April 2024. Archived from the original on 28 May 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
- ^ a b c Kahn, Carrie (25 July 2018). "Meet Mexico City's First Elected Female Mayor". NPR. Archived from the original on 3 December 2022. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
Both Sheinbaum's parents, also scientists, are children of Jewish immigrants from Bulgaria and Lithuania. Sheinbaum says she celebrated holidays at her grandparents, but her home life was secular
- ^ a b "Judíos y científicos. La familia de Claudia Sheinbaum". Enlace Judío (in Mexican Spanish). 18 December 2018. Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
- ^ Ameyalli Villafán (30 July 2015). "Annie Pardo Cemo y su búsqueda constante de respuestas". Cienciamx. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f Wade, Lizzie (2 July 2018). "Can this environmental engineer—now elected mayor—fix Mexico City?". Science Magazine. AAAS. Archived from the original on 7 December 2021. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
- ^ "Mexico City chooses for the first time in history a Jew and female mayor, the scientist Claudia Sheinbaum". The Mazatlán Post. 2 July 2018. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
- ^ "Mexico City elects first-ever Jewish mayor, exit poll shows". The Times of Israel. 2 July 2018. Archived from the original on 5 October 2020. Retrieved 3 July 2018.
- ^ "Mexico City Mayor-Elect Claudia Sheinbaum Visits Berkeley Lab". international.lbl.gov. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
- ^ a b c d Weber, Jonathan (2 July 2018). "Mexico City elects first Jewish, female mayor". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 30 December 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
- ^ a b "Former Berkeley Lab researcher elected as Mexico City mayor". The Daily Californian. 6 July 2018. Archived from the original on 18 December 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
- ^ a b "Claudia Sheinbaum, la científica que gobernará CDMX". politico.mx. Archived from the original on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
- ^ a b Kenny Tang (2009). Green CITYnomics: The Urban War against Climate Change. Routledge. ISBN 9781351279420.
- ^ ["Climate Change 2007 – Mitigation of Climate Change: Working Group III".] IPCC. Retrieved 2 July 2018
- ^ "Industry Chapter10 IPCC Retrieved 2 July 2018 Archived 14 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Belsasso, Bibiana (8 May 2017). "Me separé de Carlos Ímaz de común acuerdo hace un año" [I split with Carlos Ímaz by mutual agreement one year ago]. La Razon de Mexico (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 5 January 2018. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
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External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Claudia Sheinbaum publications indexed by Google Scholar
- Claudia Sheinbaum at IMDb
- Biography by CIDOB
- 1962 births
- Living people
- National Autonomous University of Mexico alumni
- Academic staff of the National Autonomous University of Mexico
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory people
- Members of the Mexican Academy of Sciences
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change contributing authors
- 20th-century Mexican engineers
- Politicians from Mexico City
- Party of the Democratic Revolution politicians
- Morena (political party) politicians
- Women mayors of places in Mexico
- Mayors of places in Mexico
- Jewish Mexican politicians
- Mexican people of Bulgarian-Jewish descent
- Mexican people of Lithuanian-Jewish descent
- Heads of Government of Mexico City
- Women governors of States of Mexico
- 21st-century Mexican scientists
- Mexican women physicists
- Scientists from Mexico City
- Women climatologists
- 21st-century Mexican engineers
- 21st-century women engineers
- Jewish mayors
- Secular Jews
- Mexican Ashkenazi Jews
- Mexican Sephardi Jews
- Climate change mitigation researchers