History of Anatolia: Difference between revisions
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Its inhabitants espoused many religious beliefs, spanning [[Judaism]], [[Christianity]], and [[Islam]]. In particular, many Jews emigrated from [[Spain]] and [[Portugal]], after the expulsion of Jews and Muslims during the [[1492]] Spanish [[Reconquista]].[http://www.jewishgates.com/file.asp?File_ID=63] [http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/spain_3.shtml] [http://www.newenglishreview.org/custpage.cfm?frm=4205&sec_id=4205] |
Its inhabitants espoused many religious beliefs, spanning [[Judaism]], [[Christianity]], and [[Islam]]. In particular, many Jews emigrated from [[Spain]] and [[Portugal]], after the expulsion of Jews and Muslims during the [[1492]] Spanish [[Reconquista]].[http://www.jewishgates.com/file.asp?File_ID=63] [http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/spain_3.shtml] [http://www.newenglishreview.org/custpage.cfm?frm=4205&sec_id=4205] |
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In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Ottoman Empire declined, and persecution of religious and ethnic minorities became widespread. When the First World War devastated Anatolia, ethnic tensions culminated in the 1915 [[Armenian Genocide]]. |
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==Modern Turkey== |
==Modern Turkey== |
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Revision as of 09:41, 12 June 2007
The History of Anatolia covers the civilizations, and states established in and around the Anatolia, a peninsula of Western Asia. It is also often called by the Latin name of Asia Minor.
Neolithic
Because of its strategic location at the intersection of Asia and Europe, Anatolia has been a cradle for several civilizations since prehistoric ages, with Neolithic settlements such as Çatalhöyük (Pottery Neolithic), Çayönü (Pre-Pottery Neolithic A to pottery Neolithic), Nevali Cori (Pre-Pottery Neolithic B), Hacilar (Pottery Neolithic), Göbekli Tepe (Pre-Pottery Neolithic A) and Mersin. The settlement of Troy starts in the Neolithic and continues forward into the Iron Age.
Bronze Age
Troy, Hittite Empire, Hayasa-Azzi, Colchians, Hattians, Kaskas
Through recorded history, Anatolians have spoken both Indo-European and Semitic languages, as well as many languages of uncertain affiliation. In fact, given the antiquity of the Indo-European Hittite and Luwian languages, some scholars have proposed Anatolia as the hypothetical center from which the Indo-European languages have radiated. Other authors have proposed an Anatolian origin for the Etruscans of ancient Italy.
Iron Age
Neo-Hittite, Urartu, Achaemenid dynasty,
Peoples who have settled in or conquered Anatolia during the Iron Age include the Phrygians, Lydians, Mushki, Cimmerians, Armenians, Persians, Tabals, Greeks, Lycians, Ionians, Cappadocians, Assyrians, Carians, the so-called Sea Peoples, Phoenicians, Jews, Romans
Hellenism
Middle Ages
Byzantine Empire, Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, Sassanid Empire, Byzantine-Arab Wars, Seljuk Turks, Anatolian beyliks, Mongols, Ilkhanate
Crusades
Anatolian Beyliks
Ottoman Empire
The conquest of Anatolia by Turkic peoples and the rise of the Seljuk Empire began in the 11th century[citation needed]. However, it was gradual. The complete Ottoman Empire conquest of Anatolia was finalized with the 1453 conquest of Constantinople (modern Istanbul).
Anatolia remained multi-ethnic until the early 20th century (see Rise of Nationalism under the Ottoman Empire). Its inhabitants were of varied ethnicities, including Turks (Turkmens), Armenians, Kurds, Greeks, and Italians (particularly from Genoa and Venice).
Its inhabitants espoused many religious beliefs, spanning Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. In particular, many Jews emigrated from Spain and Portugal, after the expulsion of Jews and Muslims during the 1492 Spanish Reconquista.[1] [2] [3]
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Ottoman Empire declined, and persecution of religious and ethnic minorities became widespread. When the First World War devastated Anatolia, ethnic tensions culminated in the 1915 Armenian Genocide.
Modern Turkey
A population exchange between Turkey and Greece as a result of the Treaty of Lausanne eliminated most Muslims in what is now Greece and most ethnic Greeks in what is now Turkey. A significant Kurdish ethnic and linguistic minority exists in the south eastern regions, while Laz people and Georgians have a significant presence in the northeast. Turkish opposition Deputy Sukru Elekdag called for the roughly 70,000 Armenians who work illegally in Turkey be expelled.[1]
