List of gravitationally rounded objects of the Solar System: Difference between revisions

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In 2006, the International Astronomical Union defined a planet as a body in orbit around the Sun that was large enough to have achieved hydrostatic equilibrium and to have cleared its neighborhood of similar-sized objects.^[1] By this definition, there are eight planets in our Solar System, with those objects in orbit around the Sun that had achieved hydrostatic equilibrium but had not cleared their neighborhoods classified as dwarf planets and the remainder termed small Solar System bodies. However, many other objects in the Solar System, including the Sun itself, up to 20 natural satellites and potentially dozens of small Solar System bodies, are also large enough to have achieved hydrostatic equilibrium. All known spherical or spheroidal objects in the Solar System are listed below, with a sample of the largest objects in the Solar System whose shape has yet to be accurately determined. The Sun's orbital characteristics are listed in relation to the Galactic centre. All other objects are listed in order of their distance from the Sun.

This table lists the Solar System's planetary bodies, which include planets, dwarf planets and planetary-sized moons ^[2] ^[3]. It accumulates information about planetary-sized bodies in the Solar system and their properties, focusing on those specific to planetary-sized objects and important for possible future solar system colonization. Internal structure (planetological model) of the bodies, where data exists, is indicated as well. Bodies are grouped by planet-satellite system and major Solar System regions. The moons follow their primary in order of distance.

Key
Planet	Satellite	Dwarf planet

Region	Name	Type	Image	Diameter (km)	Surface gravity (m/s²)	Escape velocity (km/s)	Solar day (h)^[4]	Surface area (km²×10⁶)	Surface area (system summary)^[5]
	Mercury	planet		4878	3.70	4.2	4223	75	75
	Venus	planet		12104	8.9	10.4	2802	460	460
	Earth	planet		12756	9.8	11.2	24	510.1	548
	Moon	satellite		3476	1.62	2.4	731	37.9	548
	Mars	planet		6786	3.72	5.0	25	144.8	144.8
	Ceres	dwarf planet		950	0.26	0.5	9	2.8	2.8
	Jupiter	planet		142700	24.9	59.6	10		232.9
	Io	satellite		3630	1.81	2.6	42	41.9
	Europa	satellite		3138	1.3	2.0	85	31
	Ganymede	satellite		5268	1.42	2.7	172	87
	Callisto	satellite		4800	1.25	2.5	402	73
	Saturn	planet		120400	10.45	35.5	11		106
	Mimas	satellite		397	0.064	0.16	23	0.5
	Enceladus	satellite		504	0.11	0.24	33	0.8
	Tethys	satellite	File:TethysV2.jpg	1060	0.15	0.4	45	3.6
	Dione	satellite		1120	0.23	0.5	66	4
	Rhea	satellite		1528	0.26	0.6	108	7.3
	Titan	satellite		5150	1.36	2.6	383	83
	Iapetus	satellite		1436	0.21	0.5	1918	6.7
	Uranus	planet		51100	8.9	21.3	17		24.3
	Miranda	satellite		472	0.08	0.2	34	0.7
	Ariel	satellite		1160	0.27	0.6	60	4.2
	Umbriel	satellite		1170	0.23	0.5	99	4.3
	Titania	satellite		1578	0.38	0.8	209	7.8
	Oberon	satellite		1522	0.35	0.7	323	7.3
	Neptune	planet		49500	11.2	23.6	16		23
	Triton	satellite		2706	0.78	1.5	141	23	23
Transneptunian	Pluto	dwarf planet		2306	0.62	1.2	153	18	22.6
	Charon	satellite	File:Charon plutoface.png	1205	0.33	0.6	153	4.6	22.6
	Haumea	dwarf planet		~1150	0.44	0.84	4	~4	~4
	Makemake	dwarf planet		~1500	~0.5	~0.8		~7	~7
	Eris	dwarf planet		2400	0.67	1.3	>8	18.1	18.1
	As well as various poorly studied Trans-Neptunian objects up to 2000 km in diameter (See this table)

Sun

The Sun is a yellow dwarf star. It contains almost 99.9 percent of all the mass in the Solar System.

		Sun

Astronomical symbol
Mean distance from Galactic center	km light years	~2.5×10¹⁷ ~26,000
Mean radius	km :E^[6]	696,000 109
Surface area	km² :E^[6]	6.0877×10¹⁸ 11,990
Volume	km³ :E^[6]	1.4122×10²⁷ 1,300,000
Mass	kg :E^[6]	1.9891×10³⁰ 332,946
Density	g/cm³	1.141
Equatorial gravity	m/s²	274.0
Escape velocity	km/s	617.7
Rotation period	days^[7]	25.38
Orbital period about Galactic center	years	2.25–2.50×10⁸
Mean orbital speed	km/s	~2.20×10⁵
Axial tilt^[8] to the ecliptic	deg.	7.25
Axial tilt^[8] to the galactic plane	deg.	67.23
Mean surface temp.	K	5,778
Mean coronal temp.	K	~5×10⁶
Photospheric composition		H, He, O, C, Fe, S

Planets

Key
^¿ terrestrial planet	^† gas giant

Planets are both large enough to have achieved hydrostatic equilibrium, and have cleared their neighborhoods of similar objects. The four gas giants combined comprise more than 99 percent of the mass in the Solar System other than the Sun.

		^¿ Mercury	^¿ Venus	^¿ Earth	^¿ Mars	^†Jupiter	^†Saturn	^†Uranus	^†Neptune
								File:Uranus Voyager 2.jpg
Astronomical symbol
Mean distance from Sun	km AU	57,909,175 0.38709893	108,208,930 0.72333199	149,597,870 1	227,936,640 1.52366231	778,412,010 5.20336301	1,426,725,400 9.53707032	2,870,972,200 19.19126393	4,498,252,900 30.06896348
Mean radius	km :E^[6]	2,439.64 0.3825	6,051.59 0.9488	6,378.15 1	3,397.00 0.53226	71,492.68 11.209	60,267.14 9.449	25,557.25 4.007	24,766.36 3.883
Surface area	km² :E^[6]	75,000,000 0.1471	460,000,000 0.9010	510,000,000 1	140,000,000 0.2745	64,000,000,000 125.5	44,000,000,000 86.27	8,100,000,000 15.88	7,700,000,000 15.10
Volume	km³ :E^[6]	6.083×10¹⁰ 0.056	9.28×10¹¹ 0.87	1.083×10¹² 1	1.6318×10¹¹ 0.151	1.431×10¹⁵ 1,321.3	8.27×10¹⁴ 763.59	6.834×10¹³ 63.086	6.254×10¹³ 57.74
Mass	kg :E^[6]	3.302×10²³ 0.055	4.8690×10²⁴ 0.815	5.9742×10²⁴ 1	6.4191×10²³ 0.107	1.8987×10²⁷ 318	5.6851×10²⁶ 95	8.6849×10²⁵ 14	1.0244×10²⁶ 17
Density	g/cm³	5.43	5.24	5.515	3.940	1.33	0.70	1.30	1.76
Equatorial gravity	m/s²	3.70	8.87	9.81	3.71	23.12	8.96	8.69	11.00
Escape velocity	km/s	4.25	10.36	11.18	5.02	59.54	35.49	21.29	23.71
Rotation period	days^[7]	58.646225	-243.0187^[9]	0.99726968	1.02595675	0.41354	0.44401	-0.71833^[9]	0.67125
Orbital period	years^[7]	0.2408467	0.61519726	1.0000174	1.8808476	11.862615	29.447498	84.016846	164.79132
Mean orbital speed	km/s	47.8725	35.0214	29.7859	24.1309	13.0697	9.6724	6.8352	5.4778
Eccentricity		0.20563069	0.00677323	0.01671022	0.09341233	0.04839266	0.05415060	0.04716771	0.00858587
Inclination	deg.	7.00487	3.39471	0.00005	1.85061	1.30530	2.48446	0.76986	1.76917
Axial tilt^[8]	deg.	0.0	177.3	23.45	25.19	3.12	26.73	97.86	29.58
Mean surface temp.	K	440	730	288-293	186-268	152	134 ^[10]	76 ^[10]	72 ^[10]
Mean air temp.^[11]	K			288		165	135	76	73
Atmospheric composition		He Na⁺ P⁺	CO₂ N₂	N₂ O₂	CO₂ N₂ Ar	H₂ He	H₂ He	H₂ He CH₄	H₂ He CH₄
Number of known moons		0	0	1	2	63	60	27	13
Rings?		No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Planetary discriminant^[12]		9.1×10⁴	1.35×10⁶	1.7×10⁶	1.8×10⁵	6.25×10⁵	1.9×10⁵	2.9×10⁴	2.4×10⁴

Dwarf planets

Key
^‡ Main belt asteroid	^♠ Trans-Neptunian object

Dwarf planets are large enough to have achieved hydrostatic equilibrium, but have not cleared their neighborhoods of similar objects. Ceres is an asteroid between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. The others all lie beyond Neptune's orbit.

		^‡ Ceres	^♠ Pluto	^♠ Haumea	^♠ Makemake	^♠ Eris

Astronomical symbol
Mean distance from Sun	km AU	413.7 million 2.766	5,906 million 39.482	6,484,000,000 43.335	6,850 million 45.792	10,210 million 67.668
Mean radius	km :E^[6]	471 0.0738	1,148.07 0.180	980 0.1537	750⁺²⁰⁰ ₋₁₀₀ 0.12	1,200 0.19
Volume	km³ :E^[6]	4.37×10⁸ 0.0005	6.33×10⁹ 0.007	1.3–1.6×10⁹ 0.001	1.8×10⁹ 0.002	7.23×10⁹ 0.008
Surface area	km² :E^[6]	2,800,000 0.0055	17,000,000 0.0333		7,000,000 0.015	18,000,000 0.0353
Mass	kg :E^[6]	9.5×10²⁰ 0.00016	1.3×10²² 0.0022	4.2 ± 0.1×10²¹ 0.0007	4×10²¹ 0.0007	1.7×10²² 0.0028
Density	g/cm³	2.08	2.0	2.6–3.3^[13]	2.0	2.25
Equatorial gravity	m/s²	0.27	0.60	0.44	0.5	~0.8
Escape velocity	km/s	0.51	1.2	0.44	0.8
Rotation period	days^[7]	0.3781	-6.38718^[9]	0.167		>0.33?
Orbital period	years^[7]	4.599	247.92065	285.4	309.9	557
Mean orbital speed	km/s	17.882	4.7490	4.484	4.4	3.436
Eccentricity		0.080	0.24880766	0.18874	0.159	0.44177
Inclination	deg.	10.587	17.14175	28.19	28.96	44.187
Axial tilt^[8]	deg.	4	119.61
Mean surface temp.	K	167	40	<50	30	30
Mean air temp.^[11]	K
Atmospheric composition		H₂O, O₂	N₂, CH₄		N₂, CH₄	N₂, CH₄
Number of known moons		No	3	2	No	1
Planetary discriminant^[12]		0.33	0.077	0.023	0.02	0.10

Spherical satellites

Key
^€ Satellite of Earth	^₤ Satellite of Jupiter	^$ Satellite of Saturn	^₩ Satellite of Uranus	^₫ Satellite of Neptune	^¶ Satellite of Pluto

This table lists the 20 natural satellites in the Solar System large enough to have achieved hydrostatic equilibrium. Proteus, though irregular, is nonetheless larger than Mimas, which is spheroid. Satellites are listed first in order from the Sun, and second in order from their parent body.

		^€ Moon	^₤ Io	^₤ Europa	^₤ Ganymede	^₤ Callisto	^$ Mimas	^$ Enceladus	^$ Tethys	^$ Dione	^$ Rhea
									File:TethysV2.jpg
Astronomical symbol
Mean distance from primary:	km	384,399	421,700	670,900	1,070,400	1,882,700	185,520	237,948	294,619	377,396	527,108
Mean radius	km :E^[6]	1,737.1 0.273	1,821.3 0.286	1,569 0.245	2634.1 0.413	2410.3 0.378	198.30 0.031	252.1 0.04	533 0.083	561.7 0.088	764.3 0.12
Surface area	km² :E^[6]	37,930,000 0.074	41,910,000 0.082	30,900,000 0.061	87,000,000 0.143	73,000,000 0.143	490,000 0.0001^[14]	799,000 0.0016^[14]	4,940,000 0.001^[14]	3,965,000 0.0078^[14]	7,337,000 0.0144^[14]
Volume	km³ :E^[6]	2.2×10¹⁰ 0.02	2.53×10¹⁰ 0.02	1.59×10¹⁰ 0.07	7.6×10¹⁰ 0.15	5.9×10¹⁰ 0.05	3.3×10⁷ 0.00003	6.7×10⁷ 0.00006	6.3×10⁸ 0.0006	7.4×10⁸ 0.0007	1.9 ×10⁹ 0.0017
Mass	kg :E^[6]	7.3477×10²² 0.0123	8.9319×10²² 0.015	4.80×10²² 0.008	1.4819×10²³ 0.025	1.0758×10²³ 0.018	3.75×10¹⁹ 0.000006	1.08×10²⁰ 0.000018	1.0244×10²⁰ 0.000017	1.095×10²¹ 0.0003	2.306×10²¹ 0.0004
Density	g/cm³	3.3464	3.528	3.01	1.936	1.83	1.15	1.61	1.15	1.48	1.23
Equatorial gravity	m/s²	1.622	1.796	1.314	1.428	1.235	0.0636	0.111	0.064	0.231	0.264
Escape velocity	km/s	2.38	2.56	2.025	2.741	2.440	0.159	0.239	0.159	0.510	0.635
Rotation period	days^[7]	27.321582 (sync)^[15]	1.7691378 (sync)	3.551181 (sync)	7.154553 (sync)	16.68902 (sync)	0.942422 (sync)	1.370218 (sync)	0.942422 (sync)	2.736915 (sync)	4.518212 (sync)
Orbital period about primary	days	27.32158	1.769138	3.551181	7.154553	16.68902	0.942422	1.370218	1.887 802	2.736915	4.518212
Mean orbital speed	km/s	1.022	17.334	13.740	10.880	8.204	14.32^[16]	12.63^[16]	11.35^[16]	10.03^[16]	8.48^[16]
Eccentricity		0.0549	0.0041	0.009	0.0013	0.0074	0.0202	0.0047	0.02	0.002	0.001
Inclination to primary's equator	deg.	18.29–28.58	0.05	0.47	1.85	0.2	1.51	0.02	1.51	0.019	0.345
Axial tilt to orbital plane	deg.	6.687	0	0.1	0–0.33	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mean surface temp.	K	220	130	102	110	134	64	75	64	87	76
Atmospheric composition		H He Na⁺ K⁺ Ar	SO₂	O₂	O₂	O₂ CO₂		H₂O, N₂, CO₂, CH₄
Rings?		No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes

		^$ Titan	^$ Iapetus	^₩ Miranda	^₩ Ariel	^₩ Umbriel	^₩ Titania	^₩ Oberon	^₫ Proteus	^₫ Triton	^¶ Charon

Mean distance from primary:	km	1,221,870	3,560,820	129,390	190,900	266,000	436,300	583,519	117,647	354,759	17,536
Mean radius	km :E^[6]	2,576 0.404	735.60 0.115	235.8 0.037	578.9 0.091	584.7 0.092	788.9 0.124	761.4 0.119	210 0.033	1353.4 0.212	603.5 0.095
Surface area	km² :E^[6]	83,000,000 0.163	6,700,000 0.013	700,000 0.0014	4,211,300 0.008	4,296,000 0.008	7,820,000 0.015	7,285,000 0.014	554,000 0.001^[17]	23,018,000 0.045	4,580,000 0.009
Volume	km³ :E^[6]	7.16×10¹⁰ 0.066	1.67×10⁹ 0.0015	5.5×10⁷ 0.00005	8.1×10⁸ 0.0008	8.4×10⁸ 0.0008	2.06×10⁹ 0.0019	1.85×10⁹ 0.0017	3.4×10⁷ 0.00003	1×10¹⁰ 0.00958	9.2×10⁸ 0.00085
Mass	kg :E^[6]	1.3452×10²³ 0.023	1.8053×10²¹ 0.0003	6.59×10¹⁹ 0.00001	1.35×10²¹ 0.00022	1.2×10²¹ 0.0002	3.5×10²¹ 0.0006	3.014×10²¹ 0.00046	8×10¹⁷ 0.0000001?	2.14×10²² 0.00358	1.52×10²¹ 0.00025
Density	g/cm³	1.88	1.08	1.20	1.67	1.40	1.72	1.63	0.02?	2.061	1.65
Equatorial gravity	m/s²	1.35	0.22	0.08	0.27	0.23	0.39	0.35	0.06	0.78	0.28
Escape velocity	km/s	2.64	0.57	0.19	0.56	0.52	0.77	0.73	0.16	1.46	0.58
Rotation period	days^[7]	15.945 (sync)	79.322 (sync)	1.414 (sync)	2.52 (sync)	4.144 (sync)	8.706 (sync)	13.46 (sync)	1.122 (sync)	5.877 (sync)	6.387 (sync)
Orbital period about primary	days	15.945	79.322	1.4135	2.520	4.144	8.706	13.46	1.122	5.877 (retro)^[18]	6.387
Mean orbital speed	km/s	5.57^[16]	3.265^[16]	6.657^[16]	5.50898^[16]	4.66797^[16]	3.644^[16]	3.152^[16]	7.623^[16]	4.39^[16]	0.2^[16]
Eccentricity		0.0288	0.0286	0.0013	0.0012	0.005^[19]	0.0011	0.0014	0.0005	0.00002	0.0022
Inclination to primary's equator	deg.	18.29–28.58	0.34854	15.47	4.2	0.26	0.36^[19]	0.34	0.52	157	0?
Axial tilt^[8]	deg.	0	0	0	0?	0	0	0?	0	0
Mean surface temp.	K	93.7	130	59	58	61	60	61	51	38	53
Atmospheric composition		N₂, CH₄								N₂, CH₄

Largest small Solar System bodies

Key
^♠ Trans-Neptunian object

These trans-Neptunian objects are hypothetically large enough to be given dwarf planet status in future. A further 30 or so TNOs could also eventually be included,^[20] and perhaps three other asteroids.^[21]

		^♠90482 Orcus	^♠28978 Ixion	^♠(55637) 2002 UX₂₅	^♠2002 MS₄	^♠(145452) 2005 RN₄₃	^♠20000 Varuna	^♠(55636) 2002 TX₃₀₀	^♠50000 Quaoar	^♠(55565) 2002 AW₁₉₇	^♠90377 Sedna
											File:Nasa sedna art.jpg
Semi-major axis	km AU	5,896,946,000 39.419	5,935,999,000 39.68	6,212,804,940 41.53	6,268,156,200 41.9	6,362,402,940 42.53	6,451,398,000 43.13	6,453,572,000 43.14	6,493,296,000 43.6	7,073,647,000 47.28	78,668,000,000 525.86
Mean radius	km :E^[6]	473 0.0742	411 0.0644	~325 0.051	~363 0.057	~365 0.057	294 0.0462	437 0.0685	625 0.0980	350 0.0550	745 0.0117
Surface area	km² :E^[6]	2,812,000 0.0055	2,122,000 0.00415	1,327,000 0.0026	1,655,900 0.0032	1,674,000 0.0033	1,091,000 0.00214	2,399,000 0.00469	4,906,000 0.0096	1,359,000 0.0030	6,971,000 0.0136
Volume	km³ :E^[6]	443,506,000 0.0004	290,689,000 0.0002	143,793,000 0.0001	200,358,829 0.0001	203,689,000 0.0001	107,217,000 0.0001	349,420,000 0.0003	1,022,217,000 0.0009	179,518,000 0.0001	1,731,298,000 0.0016
Mass	kg :E^[6]	6.2×10²⁰ 0.0001	6×10²⁰ 0.0001	8×10²⁰ 0.00013	~1.3×10²⁰ 0.00001	?	2.65×10²⁰ 0.00004	5.9×10²⁰ 0.0001	2×10²¹ 0.0003	5.2×10²⁰ 0.00009	3 ×10²¹ 0005
Density	g/cm³	1.5	2.0	2.0	2.0	?	2.0	1.0	2.6–3.3	2.0	2.0
Equatorial gravity	m/s²	0.2	0.23	0.25	0.12–0.33	?	0.39	0.15–0.20	0.28–0.38	0.22	0.33–0.50
Escape velocity	km/s	~0.44	<0.4346?	0.4811	0.22–0.63	?	0.39	0.28–0.37?	0.276-0.376	0.2216?	0.62-0.95
Rotation period	days^[7]	0.55	?	0.6–0.7	?	?	0.13216	0.33 or 0.66	?	?	0.42
Orbital period	years^[7]	247.492	249.95	277.31	271.48	267.60	283.20	283.35	287.97	325.15	12,059.06
Mean orbital speed	km/s	4.68	4.66	4.54	4.58	4.63	4.53	4.52	4.52	4.31	1.04
Eccentricity		0.22552	0.242	0.142	0.139	0.023	0.051	0.124	0.0384	0.132	0.855
Inclination	deg.	0.22552	19.584	19.482	17.667	19.3	17.2	25.856	7.988	24.410	11.934
Mean surface temp.	K	~45	~44	~43	~43		~43–41	<41	~43	~39–40	<33
Number of known moons		1	?	1	?	?	?	?	1	?	?
Planetary discriminant^[12]		0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.0013	0.003	0.01	0.003	?

Notes

^ "IAU 2006 General Assembly: Result of the IAU Resolution votes" (Press release). International Astronomical Union (News Release - IAU0603). 2006-08-24. Retrieved 2007-12-31. (orig link)
^ Bodies that are large enough that their shape is determined by gravity, as per the criterion for distinguishing between dwarf planets and small solar system bodies, as used for example by George Cole. They are mostly larger than 1000 km in diameter.
^
Sources:
- Planetary Fact Sheets
- Johnston's archive
- Relevant references in articles on individual bodies
^ Calculated as ${\frac {1}{|{\frac {1}{\rm {rotationperiod}}}-{\frac {1}{\rm {solarorbitperiod}}}|}}$ .
^ Combined surface area of all objects in the system that have a solid surface and exceed 900 km in diameter.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x relative to Earth.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ sidereal.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e The inclination of the body's equator from its orbit.
^ ^a ^b ^c retrograde orbit.
^ ^a ^b ^c At pressure of 1 bar
^ ^a ^b At sea level.
^ ^a ^b ^c Used to distinguish between planet and dwarf planet.
^ D. L. Rabinowitz, K. M. Barkume, M. E. Brown, H. G. Roe, M. Schwartz, S. W. Tourtellotte, C. A. Trujillo (2006). "Photometric Observations Constraining the Size, Shape, and Albedo of 2003 EL₆₁, a Rapidly Rotating, Pluto-Sized Object in the Kuiper Belt". The Astrophysical Journal. 639 (2): 1238–1251. doi:10.1086/499575. {{cite journal}}: |format= requires |url= (help); External link in |format= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Assuming sphericity
^ This object's rotation is synchronous with its orbital period, meaning that it only ever shows one face to its primary.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o Assuming a circular orbit)
^ Assuming sphericity
^ retrograde orbit; it orbits opposite to the primary's rotation
^ ^a ^b Umbriel NASA factsheet
^ Mike Brown. "The Dwarf Planets". CalTech. Retrieved 2008-09-25.
^ Ron Ekers. "IAU Planet Definition Committee". International Astronomical Union. Retrieved 2008-10-13.

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
   |url=http://www.iau.org/public_press/news/release/iau0603/
   |accessdate=2007-12-31}} ([http://www.iau.org/iau0603.414.0.html orig link])</ref> By this definition, there are eight planets in our [[Solar System]], with those objects in orbit around the Sun that had achieved hydrostatic equilibrium but had not cleared their neighborhoods classified as [[dwarf planets]] and the remainder termed [[small Solar System bodies]]. However, many other objects in the Solar System, including the Sun itself, up to 20 [[natural satellites]] and potentially dozens of small Solar System bodies, are also large enough to have achieved hydrostatic equilibrium. All known spherical or spheroidal objects in the Solar System are listed below, with a sample of the largest objects in the Solar System whose shape has yet to be accurately determined. The Sun's orbital characteristics are listed in relation to the [[Galactic centre]]. All other objects are listed in order of their distance from the Sun.
+This table lists the [[Solar System]]'s planetary bodies, which include [[planet]]s, [[dwarf planet]]s and planetary-sized moons <ref name=planetary>Bodies that are large enough that their shape is determined by gravity, as per the criterion for distinguishing between [[dwarf planet]]s and [[small solar system bodies]], as used for example by [http://www.hull.ac.uk/php/dmsghc/planets/ George Cole]. They are mostly larger than 1000 km in diameter.</ref>
+<ref name=source>Sources:
+*[http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/planetfact.html Planetary Fact Sheets]
+*[http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/ Johnston's archive]
+*Relevant references in articles on individual bodies</ref>. It accumulates information about planetary-sized bodies in the Solar system and their properties, focusing on those specific to planetary-sized objects and important for possible future solar system colonization. Internal structure (planetological model) of the bodies, where data exists, is indicated as well. Bodies are grouped by [[planet-satellite system]] and major Solar System regions. The moons follow their primary in order of distance.
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+! style="background:#eaeaea" colspan=6|Key
+|-
+|bgcolor="eeffee" width=50 style="text-align: center" | Planet
+|bgcolor="fffAee" width=50 style="text-align: center" | Satellite
+|bgcolor="eeffff" width=50 style="text-align: center" | Dwarf planet
+|-
+|}
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+! style="background:#eaeaea"|Region
+! style="background:#eaeaea"|Name
+! style="background:#eaeaea"|Type
+! style="background:#eaeaea"|Image
+! style="background:#eaeaea"|Internal
+structure
+! style="background:#eaeaea"|Diameter<br>(km)
+! style="background:#eaeaea"|Surface<br>gravity<br>(m/s<sup>2</sup>)
+! style="background:#eaeaea"|Escape<br>velocity<br>(km/s)
+! style="background:#eaeaea"|Solar<br>day (h)<ref name=sol>Calculated as <math>\frac{1}{|\frac{1}{\rm rotation period}-\frac{1}{\rm solar orbit period}|}</math>.</ref>
+! style="background:#eaeaea"|Surface<br>area<br>(km²×10<sup>6</sup>)
+! style="background:#eaeaea"|Surface area<br>(system<br>summary)<ref name=sass>Combined surface area of all objects in the system that have a solid surface and exceed 900 km in diameter.</ref>
+|-style="background:#eeffee" align=center
+|align=center rowspan=6 bgcolor="bbeeaa"|[[Image:TerrestrialPlanetsLabel.svg|Terrestrial Planets]]||[[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]]       ||planet||bgcolor=black| [[Image:Reprocessed Mariner 10 image of Mercury.jpg|50px]] ||bgcolor=black|[[Image:Mercyry cutaway NASA.gif|50px]] ||4878||3.70||4.2||4223||75||align=center bgcolor="ffffdd"|75
+|-style="background:#eeffee" align=center
+|[[Venus (planet)|Venus]]            ||planet||bgcolor=black| [[Image:Venus-real.jpg|50px]] || ||12104||8.9||10.4||2802||460||align=center bgcolor="ffffee"|460
+|-style="background:#eeffee" align=center
+|[[Earth (planet)|Earth]]             ||planet||bgcolor=black| [[Image:The Earth seen from Apollo 17.jpg|50px]] ||bgcolor=black| [[Image:Earth cutaway NASA1.jpg|50px]]||12756||9.8||11.2||24||510.1||rowspan=2 align=center bgcolor="ffffdd"|548
+|-style="background:#fffAee" align=center
+|[[Moon]]                                ||satellite||bgcolor=black| [[Image:Full moon.jpeg|50px]] || ||3476||1.62||2.4||731||37.9
+|-style="background:#eeffee" align=center
+|[[Mars (planet)|Mars]]               ||planet||bgcolor=black| [[Image:Mars Valles Marineris.jpeg|50px]] || bgcolor=black|[[Image:Mars cutaway NASA.jpg|50px]]||6786||3.72||5.0||25||144.8||align=center bgcolor="ffffee"|144.8
+|-style="background:#eeffff" align=center
+|[[1 Ceres|Ceres]]                           ||dwarf planet||bgcolor=black| [[Image:Ceres color.png|50px]] || bgcolor=black| [[Image:Cerescut1.jpg|60px]]||950||0.26||0.5||9||2.8||align=center bgcolor="ffffdd"|2.8
+|-style="background:#eeffee" align=center
+|align=center rowspan=21 bgcolor="ffcc91"|[[Image:GasGiantsRegionLabel.svg|Gas Giants Region]]||[[Jupiter (planet)|Jupiter]]            ||planet||bgcolor=black| [[Image:Jupiter.jpg|50px]] || ||142700||24.9 ||59.6||10|| || rowspan=5 align=center bgcolor="ffffee"|232.9
+|-style="background:#fffAee" align=center
+|[[Io (moon)|Io]]                       ||satellite||bgcolor=black| [[Image:Io highest resolution true color.jpg|50px]] ||bgcolor=black| [[Image:PIA01129 Interior of Io.jpg|70px]] ||3630||1.81||2.6||42||41.9
+|-style="background:#fffAee" align=center
+|[[Europa (moon)|Europa]]               ||satellite||bgcolor=black| [[Image:Europa-moon.jpg|50px]]  || bgcolor=black| [[Image:PIA01130 Interior of Europa.jpg|70px]]||3138||1.3||2.0||85||31
+|-style="background:#fffAee" align=center
+|[[Ganymede (moon)|Ganymede]]          ||satellite||bgcolor=black| [[Image:Ganymede g1 true.jpg|50px]] || bgcolor=black| [[Image:PIA00519 Interior of Ganymede.jpg|70px]]||5268||1.42||2.7||172||87
+|-style="background:#fffAee" align=center
+|[[Callisto (moon)|Callisto]]           ||satellite||bgcolor=black| [[Image:Callisto.jpg|50px]] ||bgcolor=black|[[Image:PIA01478 Interior of Callisto.jpg|70px]] ||4800||1.25||2.5||402||73
+|-style="background:#eeffee" align=center
+|[[Saturn (planet)|Saturn]]            ||planet||bgcolor=black| [[Image:Saturn-cassini-March-27-2004.jpg|50px]] || ||120400||10.45||35.5||11|| ||rowspan=8 align=center bgcolor="ffffdd"|106
+|-style="background:#fffAee" align=center
+|[[Mimas (moon)|Mimas]]             ||satellite||bgcolor=black| [[Image:Mimas moon.jpg|50px]] || ||397||0.064||0.16||23||0.5
+|-style="background:#fffAee" align=center
+|[[Enceladus (moon)|Enceladus]]     ||satellite||bgcolor=black| [[Image:Enceladus north.jpg|50px]] ||bgcolor=black| [[Image:Enceladus Roll.jpg|40px]] ||504||0.11||0.24||33||0.8
+|-style="background:#fffAee" align=center
+|[[Tethys (moon)|Tethys]]             ||satellite||bgcolor=black| [[Image:TethysV2.jpg|50px]] || ||1060||0.15||0.4||45||3.6
+|-style="background:#fffAee" align=center
+|[[Dione (moon)|Dione]]                 ||satellite||bgcolor=black| [[Image:Dione.jpg|50px]] || ||1120||0.23||0.5||66||4
+|-style="background:#fffAee" align=center
+|[[Rhea (moon)|Rhea]]                  ||satellite||bgcolor=black| [[Image:Rhea (moon) thumb.jpg|50px]] || ||1528||0.26||0.6||108||7.3
+|-style="background:#fffAee" align=center
+|[[Titan (moon)|Titan]]              ||satellite||bgcolor=black| [[Image:Titan in natural color Cassini.jpg|50px]] ||bgcolor=black|[[Image:Titan cutaway.svg|50px]]||5150||1.36||2.6||383||83
+|-style="background:#fffAee" align=center
+|[[Iapetus (moon)|Iapetus]]             ||satellite||bgcolor=black| [[Image:Iapetus by Voyager 2 - enhanced.jpg|50px]] || ||1436||0.21||0.5||1918||6.7
+|-style="background:#eeffee" align=center
+|[[Uranus (planet)|Uranus]]           ||planet||bgcolor=black| [[Image:Uranus.jpg|50px]] || ||51100||8.9||21.3||17|| ||rowspan=6 align=center bgcolor="ffffee"|24.3
+|-style="background:#fffAee" align=center
+|[[Miranda (moon)|Miranda]]                ||satellite||bgcolor=black| [[Image:Miranda.jpg|50px]] || ||472||0.08||0.2||34||0.7
+|-style="background:#fffAee" align=center
+|[[Ariel (moon)|Ariel]]                ||satellite||bgcolor=black| [[Image:Ariel (moon).jpg|50px]] || ||1160||0.27||0.6||60||4.2
+|-style="background:#fffAee" align=center
+|[[Umbriel (moon)|Umbriel]]             ||satellite||bgcolor=black| [[Image:Umbriel moon 1.gif|50px]] || ||1170||0.23||0.5||99||4.3
+|-style="background:#fffAee" align=center
+|[[Titania (moon)|Titania]]           ||satellite||bgcolor=black| [[Image:Titania.jpg|50px]] || ||1578||0.38||0.8||209||7.8
+|-style="background:#fffAee" align=center
+|[[Oberon (moon)|Oberon]]              ||satellite||bgcolor=black| [[Image:Voyager 2 picture of Oberon.jpg|50px]] || ||1522||0.35||0.7||323||7.3
+|-style="background:#eeffee" align=center
+|[[Neptune (planet)|Neptune]]         ||planet||bgcolor=black| [[Image:Neptune.jpg|50px]] ||bgcolor=black| [[Image:Neptune-Int.jpg|50px]]||49500||11.2||23.6||16|| ||rowspan=2 align=center bgcolor="ffffdd"|23
+|-style="background:#fffAee" align=center
+|[[Triton (moon)|Triton]]               ||satellite||bgcolor=black| [[Image:Triton Voyager 2.jpg|50px]] || ||2706||0.78||1.5||141||23
+|-style="background:#eeffff" align=center
+|align=center rowspan=6 bgcolor="eec1ff"|[[Image:TransneptunianLabel.svg|Transneptunian]]||[[Pluto]]                ||dwarf planet||bgcolor=black|[[Image:Pluto_system_2006.jpg|50px]]||bgcolor=black|[[Image:Pluto structure NASA small.png|50px]] ||2306||0.62||1.2||153||18||rowspan=2 align=center bgcolor="ffffee"|22.6
+|-style="background:#fffAee" align=center
+|[[Charon (moon)|Charon]]               ||satellite||bgcolor=black| [[Image:Charon plutoface.png|50px]] || ||1205||0.33||0.6||153||4.6
+|-style="background:#eeffff" align=center
+|[[Haumea (dwarf planet)|Haumea]]                  ||dwarf planet||bgcolor=black|[[Image:2003EL61art.jpg|50px]]|| ||~1150|| 0.44 || 0.84 || 4 || ~4 ||align=center bgcolor="ffffdd"|~4
+|-style="background:#eeffff" align=center
+|[[Makemake (dwarf planet)|Makemake]]                  ||dwarf planet||bgcolor=black|[[Image:2005FY9art.jpg|50px]]|| ||~1500||~0.5||~0.8|| ||~7||align=center bgcolor="ffffee"|~7
+|-style="background:#eeffff" align=center
+|[[Eris (dwarf planet)|Eris]]                  ||dwarf planet||bgcolor=black|[[Image:Eris and dysnomia2.jpg|50px]]|| ||2400||0.67||1.3||>8||18.1||align=center bgcolor="ffffdd"|18.1
+|- align=center
+| colspan=10 | As well as various poorly studied [[Trans-Neptunian object]]s up to 2000 km in diameter<br> ''(See [[Trans-Neptunian object#Largest discoveries|this table]]'')
+|}
 ==Sun==