Kowloon

Kowloon 九龍/九龙
Map of Kowloon District
Population  (2006)
• Total	2,019,533
• Density	43,033/km2 (111,450/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+8 (UTC)

This article is about an urban area in Hong Kong, China. For other uses, see Kowloon (disambiguation).

"Kowloon" is a transliteration of 九龍. For other transliterations, see 九龍 (disambiguation).

Kowloon
Traditional Chinese	九龍
Simplified Chinese	九龙
Literal meaning	Nine dragons
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Jiǔlóng Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Gáulùhng Jyutping gau2 lung4

Kowloon refers to an urban area in Hong Kong made up of Kowloon Peninsula and New Kowloon, bordered by the Lei Yue Mun strait in the east, Mei Foo Sun Chuen and Stonecutter's Island in the west, Tate's Cairn and Lion Rock in the north, and Victoria Harbour in the south. It had a population of 2,019,533 and its population density was 43,033/km² in 2006. Kowloon is located north of Hong Kong Island and south of the mainland part of the New Territories. The peninsula's area is approximately 47 km² or 18.1 mi². Together with Hong Kong Island, it contains 48% of Hong Kong's total population.

The more accurate transcription Kau Lung or Kau-lung was often used in derived place names before World War II, for example Kau-lung Bay instead of Kowloon Bay.

History

Kowloon in 1915

The name Kowloon came from the nine dragons represented by eight peaks and a Chinese emperor: Kowloon Peak, Tung Shan, Tate's Cairn, Temple Hill, Unicorn Ridge, Lion Rock, Beacon Hill, Crow's Nest and Emperor Bing

Highrise buildings and mine in East Kowloon

Kowloon (including New Kowloon) is an area bounded north by a mountain range. Lion Rock in the middle is a peak among the range

The part of Kowloon south of Boundary Street, together with Stonecutters Island, was ceded by Qing China to the United Kingdom under the Convention of Peking of 1860. For many years the area remained largely undeveloped, used by the British mainly for tiger-hunting expeditions.

The part of Kowloon north of Boundary Street (New Kowloon) was leased by the British as part of the New Territories in 1898 for 99 years. Within New Kowloon is the Kowloon City, which refers to an area, where the Kowloon Walled City used to be located. The Kowloon Walled City itself was demolished in 1993. The same area was called 官富場 (Pinyin: Guanfuchang) during the Song Dynasty.

In modern day conversations, however, New Kowloon is often not regarded as part of the New Territories, but as an integral part of the Kowloon urban area on both sides of Boundary Street. For rates tax purposes, New Kowloon is not considered part of Kowloon. Properties in New Kowloon are subjected to pay the land leases as those in the New Territories.

Large-scale development of Kowloon began in the early 20th century, with the construction of the Kowloon-Canton Railway and the Kowloon Wharf.

Due to Kowloon's close proximity to Kai Tak Airport, building constructions were limited by flight paths. Compared to Hong Kong Island, Kowloon resulted architecturally in much lower skyline. After World War II Kowloon became extremely congested when slums for refugees from the newly established People's Republic of China gave way to public housing estates, mixed with private residential, commercial and industrial areas.

West Kowloon was once home to a dockyard for the Royal Navy and is now used as a typhoon shelter. It is usually reached by boat; namely the Star Ferry. On July 1, 1997, both parts of Kowloon were transferred to the People's Republic of China along with the rest of Hong Kong.

Administration

Skyscrapers in West Kowloon

It comprises the following districts:

• Kowloon City
• Kwun Tong
• Sham Shui Po
• Wong Tai Sin
• Yau Tsim Mong

Politics

Kowloon covers two geographical constituencies for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong:

• Kowloon East includes Wong Tai Sin and Kwun Tong
• Kowloon West includes Yau Tsim Mong, Sham Shui Po and Kowloon City

See also

• New Kowloon
• West Kowloon
• Boundary Street
• Nathan Road
• Argyle Street
• List of areas of Hong Kong
• List of mountains, peaks and hills in Hong Kong

External links

• The West Kowloon Cultural Village website - NEW PROJECT!
• Cap 1 Sched 4 Area of Kowloon