Jeopardy!: Difference between revisions
Modified the Groundhog Day link to point to the movie's article |
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When a player answers every question in a particular category correctly, it is said that he "ran the category". The audience usually applauds when that occurs. |
When a player answers every question in a particular category correctly, it is said that he "ran the category". The audience usually applauds when that occurs. |
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Only the winner gets to keep his or her money in the current version, and this is reportedly due to a compromise. The second pilot episode for the new version had already been taped, with dollar values from $50–$250 in the first round, and $100–$500 in the second, with everyone keeping their money at the end, as had been done for years prior. Afterward, |
Only the winner gets to keep his or her money in the current version, and this is reportedly due to a compromise. The second pilot episode for the new version had already been taped, with dollar values from $50–$250 in the first round, and $100–$500 in the second, with everyone keeping their money at the end, as had been done for years prior. Afterward, Alex Trebek suggested to Merv that the values be doubled to $100–$500 in the first round and $200–$1000 in the second. The main reason for the change was that the $50 incremenets originally planned took too long to pronounce, and that the elimination of those increments would reduce the number of "$50" increment occurrances 12 times per round. Merv mentioned that that would be way too much for them to afford; even when taking into account the rate of inflation, that would be triple what the values had been on the original series. Alex and Merv came to the compromise and as a result only the winner has been allowed to keep his or her winnings. |
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Another story involves [[tournament]]s on ''Jeopardy!'': The first one was held in 1985, after the first season, because the producers wanted to have a special ratings-grabber for [[sweeps]]. Alex Trebek, who was also the executive producer during the first few seasons, devised the tournament format himself. The reason he made it like it was is because that first season, there were exactly fifteen five-time champions. Once they decided to make the ToC an annual event, for each tournament, they invited all the five-time champs, and then the four-time champs in order of amount won to make exactly fifteen participants. There were never again more than fifteen five-timers, but it can be assumed that if there were, they would take the top fifteen in order of amount won. The ToC format was later applied to the Teen, College, and Seniors tournaments. Tournaments continue to work well as ratings-grabbers during sweeps weeks. |
Another story involves [[tournament]]s on ''Jeopardy!'': The first one was held in 1985, after the first season, because the producers wanted to have a special ratings-grabber for [[sweeps]]. Alex Trebek, who was also the executive producer during the first few seasons, devised the tournament format himself. The reason he made it like it was is because that first season, there were exactly fifteen five-time champions. Once they decided to make the ToC an annual event, for each tournament, they invited all the five-time champs, and then the four-time champs in order of amount won to make exactly fifteen participants. There were never again more than fifteen five-timers, but it can be assumed that if there were, they would take the top fifteen in order of amount won. The ToC format was later applied to the Teen, College, and Seniors tournaments. Tournaments continue to work well as ratings-grabbers during sweeps weeks. |
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Two more stories involve its creation. One story is that Merv Griffin decided to create a quiz show, but at the time, the game show scandal was going on. His wife suggested that the contestants be given answers while they come up with a question. Merv thought that he would get arrested for that, so his wife started giving examples. After a while, he dropped the thought that he would get arrested and thought that the A&Q format was a good idea. (If this story is true, then this makes Merv the first, though unofficial, ''Jeopardy!'' contestant.) |
Two more stories involve its creation. One story is that Merv Griffin decided to create a quiz show, but at the time, the game show scandal was going on. His wife suggested that the contestants be given answers while they come up with a question. Merv thought that he would get arrested for that, so his wife started giving examples. After a while, he dropped the thought that he would get arrested and thought that the A&Q format was a good idea. (If this story is true, then this makes Merv the first, though unofficial, ''Jeopardy!'' contestant.) |
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The other story about its creation is that Merv originally wanted his game show to be called ''What's the Question?'' with the rules being that you don't lose money for a wrong answer. |
The other story about its creation is that Merv originally wanted his game show to be called ''What's the Question?'' with the rules being that you don't lose money for a wrong answer. In a board meeting with NBC executives, one of the executives said "The show doesn't have enough jeopardies!" and Merv said he didn't hear another word afterwards. All he could think of was that word - "Jeopardy!" and he rushed back to his production offices and began the institution we all call "Jeopardy!" |
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Since 2001, ''Jeopardy'' has featured a "[[Clue Crew]]" reading selected clues. These are four young adults who travel around the world and tape clues from exotic locations and in front of historic places. The Crew Clue members have been [[Cheryl Farrell]] (2001–present), [[Sofia Lidskog]] (2001–2004), [[Jimmy McGuire]] (2001–Present), and [[Sarah Whitcomb]] (2001–present). In 2005, two new members joined the Clue Crew, they are [[Kelly Miyahara]] and [[Jon Cannon]]. Some people say they are ''Jeopardy!'''s [[Barker's Beauties]] |
Since 2001, ''Jeopardy'' has featured a "[[Clue Crew]]" reading selected clues. These are four young adults who travel around the world and tape clues from exotic locations and in front of historic places. The Crew Clue members have been [[Cheryl Farrell]] (2001–present), [[Sofia Lidskog]] (2001–2004), [[Jimmy McGuire]] (2001–Present), and [[Sarah Whitcomb]] (2001–present). In 2005, two new members joined the Clue Crew, they are [[Kelly Miyahara]] and [[Jon Cannon]]. Some people say they are ''Jeopardy!'''s [[Barker's Beauties]], and the Clue Crew has become partially synonymous with the dumbing down of the show. |
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Here are some of the set changes over the years, starting from season one of the syndicated version in 1984. |
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Season One (1984-1985) |
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The original set's main feature was the gameboard which consisted of 30 19" video monitors spaced three inches apart (the spacing inbetween the monitors was made of a red glitterized material), and a 9-foot high Jeopardy! logo made up of red neon light strips. The set was bordered by three neon bands, the innermost being red, the middle band being blue and the outber band being an off-white (close to a cream-color, but on TV it looked like yellow). The podiums were made of blue carpet with red highlights. The floor was blue carpet. The neon bands flashed one at a time starting from the innermost one working to the outside. |
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Season Two (1985-1986) |
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The second season set was a partial overhaul of the original set. The 9-foot Jeopardy! logo was redone in white neon lighting with opaque white plexiglass panels covering the lights, the gameboard was repainted to a gray metallic and the carpet changed from blue to gray. The podiums received a slight facelift and all traces of the color red was removed. The inner red neon band on the set's border was changed to dark blue. These changes were made to make the set more appealing and moore easier on the eye. Out of all the changes, the most remarkable change was to the podiums - they now had a nine-light timer strip as the result of a rule change that allowed contestants to ring in whenever the clue was revealed. The new rule now made that impossible, and ever since contestants have to wait to ring in until Alex finishes reading the clue. This set lasted until the third season in 1987. Additionally, a new feature of this set was the addition of an "entrance arch" built to the right of the set that was used during the "Now entering the studio are today's contestants" intro, and the category headings on the gameboard was changed from a red neon to white neon. The Jeopardy! logo was also made to flash (albeit one letter at a time) in addition to the outer neon bands. The gameboard also began to cycle through a flash routine at the end of the snow. |
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Season Three (1986-1987) |
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The set received a minor facelift again. The white plexiglass covers on the nine-foot Jeopardy! logo were replaced with ones matching the color of the outer almost-yellow neon band, and the spotlights above the set now had color to them. This set would be the second-longest running set Jeopardy! had, as they used it until the end of the 1990-1991 season. Minor changes were made over the years. In 1988 the category headings changed from a surrounding neon tube to a neon backlight, the spaces between the gameboard monitors was trimmed up a little bit and the carpet on the set floor was slightly more refined. The riser on the stage was also changed from carpet to a blue plexiglass with a neon backlight (which ironically was almost always never used) In 1989 the spotlight on the upper support for the "O" behind Alex's podium was removed. |
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In 1990, for the 16-week Super Jeopardy! tournament to air on ABC, the set received an additional fourth contestant podium for the quarterfinals, and the floor changed from gray carpet to a shiny black linoleum tile. Additionally, the gray metallic on the gameboard and the podiums was changed to a bronze like texture, and for Super Jeopardy! only, the red neon lights for the category headings made a return. |
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The Super Jeopardy! set from 1990 is, IMHO, the all-time best set Jeopardy! has ever had. |
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Season Seven (1991-1992) |
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Jeopardy! rolls out a brand new set and a revised version of the original theme from 1984. The set consisted of a revised 9-foot Jeopardy! logo (with changes being made to the "R", the "Y", and the "!", and the color changed back to white). In addition, the two-tone blue and white band making up the border of the set was overhauled and replaced by a solid light blue neon band. The upper band was a one-piece design while the lower piece consisted of elements from the previous set and elements of the new set. A six-foot gap separated the edges of the upper and lower bands at the left and right sides, and a shiny metal grid was the main feature behind the contestants. The podiums also received a new look, incorporating the new shiny grid and a perennial white backlight. The gameboard was also substantially revised. Instead of a three-inch border surrounding 30 19" TV monitors, the new gameboard consisted of 30 25" TV screens incased in a half-inch frame. The end result resulted in a near-seamless video wall that was inspired by 1990's "The Challengers" that was hosted by Dick Clark. Additionally, the posterboard category headings were also changed to the use of TV monitors. The Jeopardy! logo on the set also was changed to a cycle between flashing red-to-white and flashing blue-to-white during the Jeopardy! and Double Jeopardy! round respectively. The "Entrance Arch" was replaced by a wall of the "metal grid" material and contestants from then on until 2002 walked onto the set. The floor now adopted the shiny black look from "Super Jeopardy!" |
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This set lasted until the thirteenth season in 1997, and was the longest-tenured set on the Trebek version. |
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Season Thirteen (1997-1998) |
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Two months after the start of the thirteenth season, and shortly before their 3000th show, Jeopardy! once again overhauled their set. Every feature was overhauled. The main feature was a new 9-foot Jeopardy! logo etched in glass with the "P" and "A" being sliding doors for Alex's new entrance walk. The backdrop behind the contestants and for the remainder of the set consisted of dark gray granite columns and huge wood panels with small etched glass "windows." The set floor was also changed to a more angular shape and the color scheme on the floor consisted of a mix of granite tile, tan tile and gloss black. The contestant podiums were overhauled to a more wood-like appearance and Alex's podium received a similar treatment. Alex's podium also had a light blue neon backlight and a marble globe infront of it. Additionally, two large television displays were added to the left and right hand sides (usually seen off-screen) of the set, and the audience now became a part of the set, receiving the same background as the set itself. A few weeks after revealing this set, Jeopardy! rolled out a brand-new rendition of the famous theme music and a retooling of the Final Jeopardy! "Think Theme." All of these changes nearly alienated longtime loyal viewers of the show. |
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This set would last with virtually no change until the 19th season in 2003. |
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Season 19(2003-2004) |
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Jeopardy would again overhaul their set, to the set they currently use now. |
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==International adaptations== |
==International adaptations== |
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Revision as of 10:08, 25 November 2005
Jeopardy redirects here. For other uses, see Jeopardy (disambiguation)
Jeopardy! is a popular international television game show, originally devised by Merv Griffin, who also created Wheel of Fortune. The show originated in the United States. Its most successful incarnation is the current Alex Trebek-hosted version, which has aired continuously since September 1984.
Jeopardy! is a game of trivia, usually covering topics such as history, literature, and pop culture. During the game, the three competing contestants are given a clue in the form of an answer, to which they must give a response phrased as a question. Its style of play is especially popular among audiences who like to see if they can determine the questions themselves, essentially allowing the viewers to feel that they are part of the game.
Broadcast history
The Jeopardy concept was originally created by Merv Griffin, who wanted to take the format of a television quiz show and make it more enticing by speeding up the game and putting a twist on the format. The original twist, giving clues in the form of answers and expecting replies in the form of questions, was originally the central concept of the show, which was pitched under the title "What's the Question?". The name "Jeopardy" was coined when, according to Griffin, a skeptical producer rejected the show claiming "it doesn't have enough jeopardies" (a reasonable complaint, since a winning player in Jeopardy can maintain his lead relatively easily by avoiding risk). Griffin thought the "Jeopardy" name sounded perfect and immediately used it to generate puns like naming the second round of the game Double Jeopardy.
Art Fleming hosted and Don Pardo was the announcer on the original version, which aired during the day from March 30 1964 to January 3 1975 on NBC. Fleming also hosted a short-lived syndicated version in 1974-75, and another short-lived NBC revival, The All-New Jeopardy!, from October 2 1978 to March 2 1979.
The current version, with Trebek as host and Johnny Gilbert as the announcer, debuted on September 17 1984, and perennially ranks second to Wheel of Fortune in the Nielsen ratings of syndicated programs. In 2005, it won its 10th Daytime Emmy for best game show, surpassing Pyramid.
The show was the subject of great interest and increased ratings (often beating Wheel) in the second half of 2004, as contestant Ken Jennings, taking advantage of newly relaxed appearance rules, remained a champion for seventy-four appearances, winning over US$2.5 million, and breaking almost every record in game show history.
Game play
Each day, there are three contestants (except during the first round of the 1990 "Super Jeopardy!" tournament, which featured four contestants. Later "Super Jeopardy!" rounds had the traditional three players), one of whom is usually the winner from the previous show.
The show consists of three rounds. The first one is simply called the Jeopardy! round. The game focuses on a game board (before 1979, it was a grid of pull cards; since 1984, it is a video wall, which until 1991 was made up of a bunch of small television sets) containing six columns and five rows of trivia "answers" or "clues". Each column is a topical category, and categories change on each show; they frequently contain puns or other wordplay. Recently, it has become popular for the show's producers to make the six categories related in some fashion, such as having them all be word plays on Shakespeare play titles (though only one category, if any, in this example would actually concern Shakespeare). Each category has five questions, which are worth various amounts:
- 1964–1975: $10, $20, $30, $40, $50
- 1978–1979: $25, $50, $75, $100, $125
- 1984–2001: $100, $200, $300, $400, $500
- 2001–present: $200, $400, $600, $800, $1000 (these values were also used for the 1990 "Super Jeopardy!" tournament during the "Jeopardy!" round.)
The returning champion (the one at the leftmost podium) starts the game by picking a category and monetary value. The host reads off the "answer" (which also appears on the game board for that clue), and then any of the three contestants can ring in with a response. Before about 1985, contestants could ring in anytime after the clue was revealed; now, in order to give all three contestants a fair shot at the clue, they must wait until the host finishes reading the question before they can ring in, and pressing the signaling button too soon locks it for two-tenths of a second. For easy questions, ringing in at the right moment is important.
The responses must be phrased in the form of a question, usually "What is/was...?" or "Who is/was....?" For example, if the clue was, "This city is the capital of the United States", the correct response would be, "What is Washington, D.C.?" Some contestants have been more creative in responding, and an answer that is itself a question may be given as-is ("What, me worry?" for example). The phrasing rule in the game is especially strict in the second round: for example, if the clue was "The highest money-making movie of all time", and the contestant said only "Titanic" before his/her answering time expired, he/she would lose the amount of the question (even though his/her response was right, he/she did not phrase it in the form of a question). Contestants have done this throughout the Trebek era, and in some instances, corrected themselves by phrasing the response in the allotted time.
For responses that call for foreign words, contestants have phrased their response as a "what is" question correctly phrased in the foreign language. For example, when the category was "A category about nothing" and the clue was "en español," Ken Jennings responded, "¿Que es nada?" Also, on the episode aired April 12, 2005, in the category "From the French," the clue was "It's a hint or trace of something (sounds like of Campbell's)." Steve Chemicoff responded, "Qu'est-ce que c'est un soupçon?"
If the response is correct, the contestant wins the amount of money the question is worth; if it is wrong, he or she loses that amount (hence the "jeopardy") and the other two contestants regain the right to ring in. The current scores are shown on the front of each player's podium. (Negative scores can and do happen often; on the current set, negative scores are shown in red.)
The person with a correct response then has the right to choose the next "answer"; if no correct response is given, a series of three short beeps sounds, and the host reads the correct response. Then, the next choice is given to the last person who gave a correct response.
The second round, Double Jeopardy! (a pun on double jeopardy), works like the first round, with the following exceptions:
- The categories are different.
- The value of each clue is double what it was in the first round (except in the case of the 1990 "Super Jeopardy!" tournament):
- The contestant with the lowest amount of money at the end of the first round picks first in the second round.
- Also, in the 1978–1979 version only, only the two highest-scoring players at the end of Round 1 played Double Jeopardy!; the third-place player was eliminated before the start of the round.
In each game, three answers are designated Daily Doubles (a name taken from horse racing): one in the Jeopardy! round and two in the Double Jeopardy! round. Only the contestant who selects a Daily Double can respond to its clue. They can wager as much as the maximum amount of a clue on the board (currently $1000 in the Jeopardy! round and $2000 in the Double Jeopardy! round) or as much as they have accumulated, whichever is greater. (They are permitted to make the wager of the maximum amount even if they have zero or negative score.) The minimum wager is $5. A player may also indicate that they wish to make it a True Daily Double, meaning that they are wagering all the money that they have up to this point.
It is possible (and it sometimes happens) that a contestant will finish either with zero or in a negative score. If at the end of "Double Jeopardy!" the contestant(s) finishes in such a situation, then he/she is automatically eliminated from the game and is not allowed to play in the third round, Final Jeopardy!, and therefore will automatically receive the third-place (or possibly second-place) prize. There have been rare instances where there have been two contestants who have finished in either zero or negative scoring in one show after Double Jeopardy!, but never all three contestants. This happened most recently on the game aired on February 23, 2005 during the Ultimate Tournament of Champions, where Jeff Richmond was the only contestant to advance to Final Jeopardy!
In Final Jeopardy!, the host first announces the category, then the show goes into a commercial break during which the staff comes on stage and advises the contestants while barriers are placed between the players to discourage looking at one another's answers. The contestants then risk as little as $0 or as much money as they have accumulated, by writing it on a card (before 1979) or electronic drawing board (since 1984). After the final commercial break, the clue is revealed. Contestants have 30 seconds to write a response on a card/electronic drawing board, again phrased in the form of a question. The light pen is automatically cut off at the end of the 30 seconds.
The contestant who wins the most money is the day's champion and usually returns the next day. Before 1979, all contestants won their winnings in cash; since 1984, in an attempt to discourage "runaway consolations" (where second- and third-place players keep money as close to that of the first-place winner as possible), only the champion wins the amount of money accumulated on the show, and the other two contestants win consolation prizes. However, in 2002, it was changed so that the second place finisher gets $2,000 and the third place finisher gets $1,000. The change was made so that contestants who had to pay to travel to Los Angeles would at least win enough money to cover airfare and lodging costs. If more than one contestant ties for first place, they each win the money and come back, assuming that they each have at least $1. (One contestant in the Trebek era actually won the game with only $1 [then Air Force Lt. Col. Darryl Scott, he won another $13,401 the next day]; there have been few players who have held the co-champ title twice, though there has never been a three-way tie). If no contestant finishes with a positive total (i.e., at least $1), then nobody wins and three new contestants appear on the following show; in such cases the three players will participate in a backstage draw to determine player position. The three-way loss has happened three times since 1984.
If there is a tie in a tournament episode, a tiebreaker question is played, but this has only happened on a few occasions. In case of a three-way loss in a tournament, nobody advances, and an additional wild card is added in the tournament. (A wild card is one of the usually four non-winners with the highest scores in the opening round of a tournament to advance. There has been one triple loss in a tournament, and a fifth wild card was added.) Scores coming to Double Jeopardy! break ties for a wildcard position.
During the short-lived 1978–79 series, the lowest-scoring contestant was eliminated after the Jeopardy! Round, and Final Jeopardy! was not played; instead, whoever was ahead at the end of Double Jeopardy! became the champion. That contestant then got to play a bonus round called Super Jeopardy! (no relation to the special summer 1990 tournament of all-time champions as aired on ABC). This round featured a new board of five categories with five clues in each, numbered 1–5 (and unlike the main game, not necessarily increasing in difficulty down the line). The object was for the contestant to provide any five correct responses in a straight line, Bingo style (horizontally, vertically, or diagonally). Giving an incorrect response earned the player a "strike," and blocked off that space on the board; three strikes ended the round. Super Jeopardy! was worth $5,000 to a first-day champion, with the jackpot increasing by $2,500 each day that champion successfully defended his/her title; with the five-day limit in place, that meant a potential total of $50,000 in just Super Jeopardy! earnings ($5,000 + $7,500 + $10,000 + $12,500 + $15,000). If a player struck out, he/she still received $100 for each correct response given.
In previous seasons, a contestant who won five days in a row would be retired undefeated, with a guaranteed spot in the next Tournament of Champions. From September 1997 until September 2001, an undefeated champion would also be awarded a choice of Chevrolet cars or trucks (Corvette, Tahoe, or two Camaros). From September 2001 until September 2003, the winner won a Jaguar X-Type. (Similarly, as part of the deal with Ford for the 2001-02 season, Ford also added a Volvo to the Teen Tournament prize package.) To mark the start of the current version's 20th season, in September 2003, the quiz show changed its rules so there is no winnings limit; a contestant keeps coming back as long as that contestant keeps winning (although automobiles were no longer awarded for five wins). This led to the remarkable winning streak of Ken Jennings, who currently holds most of the winning records on the show, including greatest number of appearances and regular season highest total dollar amounts won (excluding tournaments). Jennings held the record for the highest total dollar amount won on Jeopardy! and any game show ever played, until the Ultimate Tournament of Champions (see below) when he was displaced by Brad Rutter, whose winnings came mostly with special tournaments.
The theoretical maximum win for a single day of Jeopardy! is $566,400, but this requires choosing all of the Daily Doubles last and that they are all placed behind the lowest valued clues, which the odds are 3,288,600 to 1 against (assuming they are randomly placed, which they are not), wagering everything for each Daily Double, and again wagering everything in Final Jeopardy! Depending on placement and order of the Daily Doubles, a so-called "perfect game" (every question correct, always maximum wager when called to do so) can range from $208,000 to $566,400, with a mean of $374,400.
The current one-day record is $75,000, set by Ken Jennings on July 23, 2004.
Tournaments
Starting in the Trebek era, various tournaments have been held each season (excluding the first), including the Teen Tournament, featuring high-school students; the Jeopardy! College Championship, featuring college students; and the Tournament of Champions (ToC), featuring all 5-time undefeated champions, the college champion, and the highest scoring four-time winners. (Before 2001, the Teen champion was invited to the ToC, as was the Seniors Tournament champion when it was held.) Since the five-day rule was lifted in 2003, spots in the next ToC will be alloted in order of wins, with total winnings serving as the tiebreaker. All of the tournaments follow this format created by Trebek himself:
The tournament lasts two weeks (ten shows), and 15 contestants are invited. In the first week, there are five games. The five winners advance along with the four next highest non-winning totals (wild cards). In the event of a tie for first place in a game, tiebreaker questions are asked until one person correctly answers; a tie for a wild card spot is resolved by the highest score entering Final Jeopardy!. (In the 2003 Tournament of Champions, six contestants scored $0 in the first round, causing this tiebreaker to be applied. If any of those contestants had saved $1, they would have advanced, but they wagered everything hoping for a wildcard spot.) In the second week, there are three semifinal games, and those three winners play a two-day final, with the highest combined score being the winner. The winner receives a guaranteed amount of money for their appearances. While this amount has changed over the history of the show, the current amounts are $250,000 for the Tournament of Champions, $100,000 for the College Championship, and $75,000 for the Teen Tournament. The other participants receive an amount based on their finishing position.
For many years in the Trebek era, the show also had a Seniors Tournament, where contestants 50 or over played. However because advertisers are more eager to pay programmers a higher amount for an audience with younger skewing demographics, the Seniors Tournament has been discontinued.
There was also a tournament in 1990 called "Super Jeopardy!" which aired on ABC. It featured top players from throughout the history of "Jeopardy!" (including one player from the Art Fleming era) in a manner similar to the Ultimate Tournament of Champions (see below), although it was on a much smaller scale than that tournament.
"Ultimate Tournament of Champions"
Main Article: Jeopardy! Ultimate Tournament of Champions
Jeopardy! announced a new tournament on December 28, 2004, called the Ultimate Tournament of Champions, which began airing February 9, 2005. This tournament pitted 144 former Jeopardy! champions against each other, with two winners moving on to face Ken Jennings in a 3-game final for a chance at $2,000,000. The final winner was Brad Rutter ($62,000), with Jennings taking second place ($34,599) and Jerome Vered in third ($20,600). As a result, Rutter is the all-time highest winner of any game show with $3,270,102, with Jennings a close second with $3,022,700. But, if Jennings wins the Tournament of Champions in which he competes in, Season 22's ToC (top prize $250,000?, which was the prize for Season 21) he could regain the title, $3,272,700 to $3,270,102, by an even smaller margin of $2,598!
Celebrity Jeopardy!
Every so often (usually once a year), "celebrity weeks" are held in which the contestants are celebrities. Each celebrity chooses a charity to sponsor, and that charity is the recipient of the particular celebrity's winnings. Typically, the charity is guaranteed a certain amount (at one time, $5,000 for a loss; $10,000 for a win) unless the celebrity earns more than that amount. Also, the rules are usually relaxed so that, for example, celebrities are not necessarily penalized for forgetting to respond in the form of a question. This week has since been retired.
Celebrity Jeopardy! has been spoofed numerous times on a Saturday Night Live sketch , with Will Ferrell appearing as Trebek, and Darrell Hammond usually playing Trebek's nemesis, Sean Connery. The skits poke fun at the ineptitude of the starring celebrities at answering the sorts of questions which appear on Jeopardy!, along with their ineptitude at answering questions in general.
Regis Philbin was known for appearing on this week frequently, playing for Cardinal Hayes High School in New York.
Auditions
The Jeopardy! staff regularly offers auditions for potential contestants. Tryouts take place regularly at the Los Angeles Jeopardy! studio, and occasionally in other locations. In order to try out, one must be at least 18 years of age, unless one is auditioning for one of the "special" programs, such as the Teen Tournament or Kids' Week.
Tryouts are given to many people at one time. Before one arrives, one is asked to bring along a filled-out form stating one's name and providing five anecdotes that one could potentially use during the on-air interviews.
There are three parts to the auditioning process itself. The first is a pep talk of sorts from the contestant coordinator. The staff tries to make the audition process entertaining. In the second section, fifty Jeopardy!-style clues in fifty different categories are displayed on a big screen at the front of the room and read aloud by Johnny Gilbert, the show's announcer. A potential contestant has eight seconds to write down his or her response (no need to phrase in the form of a question here) before the next clue is read.
At the end of the fifty questions, the contestant coordinators take the completed answer sheets and grade them. Though some sources state that a score of 35 is passing, the contestant coordinators refuse to confirm or deny that and the official passing score is kept a secret. Some people who have auditioned speculate that the passing score varies depending on how many contestants are needed for the show. Exact scores are not disclosed, only pass/fail results. Those who did not pass the test are dismissed, and those who did pass the test remain for the third phase of the audition.
At this point the people who passed the written test are given paperwork to fill out, which details eligibility and availability. Then the third part of the audition, a mock Jeopardy! competition, begins. A game board is presented, and potential contestants are placed in groups of three to play the game. The emphasis is not on scoring points, or even having correct answers; the contestant coordinators know that they possess the knowledge to compete on the show, as they have already passed the test, and are looking for on-the-air-compatible qualities. Having a lot of energy and using a loud, confident voice are considered to be huge advantages.
After playing a few clues, the contestant coordinators give each potential contestant a few minutes to talk about themselves. The coordinators request that they finish by telling what they would do with any money they won on Jeopardy!
After the end of the tryout, those who passed the test and participated in the mock Jeopardy game are placed into the "contestant pool" and are eligible to be called to compete for the next year. Those in the contestant pool may be called at any time in that year, although the show has more potential contestants than it needs and many people are not called at all.
The mandatory waiting period after taking the contestant exam is one year, after which one may try out again.
Theme song
The Jeopardy! theme song, "Time for Tony," which was composed by Merv Griffin as a lullaby for his son, has served as the "think music" of the Final Jeopardy! countdown since the show's inception in 1964 (although it was not used in the 1978–79 version), and is also the melody for the current theme. In the United States, it has insinuated itself into everyday communication; the song applies to any situation in which someone is waiting for another to answer a question or make a decision. For example, the theme is often heard at baseball stadiums when the manager goes to the pitcher's mound to discuss a replacement.
A few years after composing the song, Griffin added two timpani notes at the end so that it would meet the thirty-second minimum length required to secure a copyright on the song.
The main theme song to the original 1960s version is called Take Ten and was composed by Merv Griffin's wife, Julann.
The main theme to the 1978–79 revival was called "Frisco Disco" and was composed by Merv Griffin. "Frisco Disco" would resurface in 1983 as a prize cue on Wheel of Fortune, and would continue to be used until 1989.
When the current incarnation began in 1984, an electronic version of the "think music" melody became the main theme, while the original recording of "think music" was resurrected for the Final Jeopardy! round. The main theme was remixed in 1991 to include a bongo track. In 1997, both the theme and (much to the chagrin of some fans) the think music were updated, with jazzy orchestral arrangements by Steve Kaplan. The main theme was updated again in 2000 - this arrangement was similar to the previous one, but looser and more upbeat. The theme has gone through some slight reorchestrations since then.
Miscellaneous trivia
There have been special "Kids Weeks" during which contestants of 10, 11, and 12 years old compete, with age-appropriate questions.
There are versions of Jeopardy! in many languages and countries around the world, as well as board games and computer games.
In 1998, a Jeopardy! spinoff, Rock & Roll Jeopardy!, was launched. It aired on VH1, with reruns airing on Game Show Network (now GSN). This version was played much like regular Jeopardy!, but all of the questions/answers related to music, and the game was played for points instead of dollars. (However, from the second season of this version onward, the scoring system was changed to dollars.) The show was hosted by Jeff Probst, who is best known for hosting Survivor.
Brian Weikle at one point held the record for the highest single day record on Jeopardy! under the post-2001 dollar values; on April 13, 2003, he won $52,000, but would easily be eclipsed by records set by players who won before dollar values were increased. Jerome Vered in 1992 set the record of $34,000, which would by today's rules be a net of $68,000. Weikle's gross record would be tied three times by Ken Jennings; Jennings would eventually break both Weikle's gross and Vered's net records on July 23, 2004, with a total of $75,000 ($37,500 by pre-2001 rules), the first player since Doug Lach in 2000 to win more than a net $60,000.
On April Fool's Day 1997, Jeopardy! and Wheel of Fortune pulled a switch - Trebek hosted Wheel, and Pat Sajak hosted Jeopardy!; announcer Johnny Gilbert did double duty on Wheel and Jeopardy! that day. (Trebek's Wheel contestants were Sajak and Vanna White, both of whom played for charity while Pat's wife Leslie turned the letters; the Jeopardy! contestants were those regularly scheduled. )
In October 1999, a blind contestant named Eddie Timanus was a five-day undefeated champion, winning $69,700 and two cars. He was a Semi-Finalist in the Tournament of Champions that season. The current practice of having contestants introduced at their podium, instead of as they walked in, was introduced during his episodes. Timanus has since appeared on the syndicated version of Who Wants To Be A Millionaire.
When a player answers every question in a particular category correctly, it is said that he "ran the category". The audience usually applauds when that occurs.
Only the winner gets to keep his or her money in the current version, and this is reportedly due to a compromise. The second pilot episode for the new version had already been taped, with dollar values from $50–$250 in the first round, and $100–$500 in the second, with everyone keeping their money at the end, as had been done for years prior. Afterward, Alex Trebek suggested to Merv that the values be doubled to $100–$500 in the first round and $200–$1000 in the second. The main reason for the change was that the $50 incremenets originally planned took too long to pronounce, and that the elimination of those increments would reduce the number of "$50" increment occurrances 12 times per round. Merv mentioned that that would be way too much for them to afford; even when taking into account the rate of inflation, that would be triple what the values had been on the original series. Alex and Merv came to the compromise and as a result only the winner has been allowed to keep his or her winnings.
Another story involves tournaments on Jeopardy!: The first one was held in 1985, after the first season, because the producers wanted to have a special ratings-grabber for sweeps. Alex Trebek, who was also the executive producer during the first few seasons, devised the tournament format himself. The reason he made it like it was is because that first season, there were exactly fifteen five-time champions. Once they decided to make the ToC an annual event, for each tournament, they invited all the five-time champs, and then the four-time champs in order of amount won to make exactly fifteen participants. There were never again more than fifteen five-timers, but it can be assumed that if there were, they would take the top fifteen in order of amount won. The ToC format was later applied to the Teen, College, and Seniors tournaments. Tournaments continue to work well as ratings-grabbers during sweeps weeks.
Two more stories involve its creation. One story is that Merv Griffin decided to create a quiz show, but at the time, the game show scandal was going on. His wife suggested that the contestants be given answers while they come up with a question. Merv thought that he would get arrested for that, so his wife started giving examples. After a while, he dropped the thought that he would get arrested and thought that the A&Q format was a good idea. (If this story is true, then this makes Merv the first, though unofficial, Jeopardy! contestant.)
The other story about its creation is that Merv originally wanted his game show to be called What's the Question? with the rules being that you don't lose money for a wrong answer. In a board meeting with NBC executives, one of the executives said "The show doesn't have enough jeopardies!" and Merv said he didn't hear another word afterwards. All he could think of was that word - "Jeopardy!" and he rushed back to his production offices and began the institution we all call "Jeopardy!"
Since 2001, Jeopardy has featured a "Clue Crew" reading selected clues. These are four young adults who travel around the world and tape clues from exotic locations and in front of historic places. The Crew Clue members have been Cheryl Farrell (2001–present), Sofia Lidskog (2001–2004), Jimmy McGuire (2001–Present), and Sarah Whitcomb (2001–present). In 2005, two new members joined the Clue Crew, they are Kelly Miyahara and Jon Cannon. Some people say they are Jeopardy!'s Barker's Beauties, and the Clue Crew has become partially synonymous with the dumbing down of the show.
Here are some of the set changes over the years, starting from season one of the syndicated version in 1984.
Season One (1984-1985)
The original set's main feature was the gameboard which consisted of 30 19" video monitors spaced three inches apart (the spacing inbetween the monitors was made of a red glitterized material), and a 9-foot high Jeopardy! logo made up of red neon light strips. The set was bordered by three neon bands, the innermost being red, the middle band being blue and the outber band being an off-white (close to a cream-color, but on TV it looked like yellow). The podiums were made of blue carpet with red highlights. The floor was blue carpet. The neon bands flashed one at a time starting from the innermost one working to the outside.
Season Two (1985-1986) The second season set was a partial overhaul of the original set. The 9-foot Jeopardy! logo was redone in white neon lighting with opaque white plexiglass panels covering the lights, the gameboard was repainted to a gray metallic and the carpet changed from blue to gray. The podiums received a slight facelift and all traces of the color red was removed. The inner red neon band on the set's border was changed to dark blue. These changes were made to make the set more appealing and moore easier on the eye. Out of all the changes, the most remarkable change was to the podiums - they now had a nine-light timer strip as the result of a rule change that allowed contestants to ring in whenever the clue was revealed. The new rule now made that impossible, and ever since contestants have to wait to ring in until Alex finishes reading the clue. This set lasted until the third season in 1987. Additionally, a new feature of this set was the addition of an "entrance arch" built to the right of the set that was used during the "Now entering the studio are today's contestants" intro, and the category headings on the gameboard was changed from a red neon to white neon. The Jeopardy! logo was also made to flash (albeit one letter at a time) in addition to the outer neon bands. The gameboard also began to cycle through a flash routine at the end of the snow.
Season Three (1986-1987) The set received a minor facelift again. The white plexiglass covers on the nine-foot Jeopardy! logo were replaced with ones matching the color of the outer almost-yellow neon band, and the spotlights above the set now had color to them. This set would be the second-longest running set Jeopardy! had, as they used it until the end of the 1990-1991 season. Minor changes were made over the years. In 1988 the category headings changed from a surrounding neon tube to a neon backlight, the spaces between the gameboard monitors was trimmed up a little bit and the carpet on the set floor was slightly more refined. The riser on the stage was also changed from carpet to a blue plexiglass with a neon backlight (which ironically was almost always never used) In 1989 the spotlight on the upper support for the "O" behind Alex's podium was removed.
In 1990, for the 16-week Super Jeopardy! tournament to air on ABC, the set received an additional fourth contestant podium for the quarterfinals, and the floor changed from gray carpet to a shiny black linoleum tile. Additionally, the gray metallic on the gameboard and the podiums was changed to a bronze like texture, and for Super Jeopardy! only, the red neon lights for the category headings made a return.
The Super Jeopardy! set from 1990 is, IMHO, the all-time best set Jeopardy! has ever had.
Season Seven (1991-1992) Jeopardy! rolls out a brand new set and a revised version of the original theme from 1984. The set consisted of a revised 9-foot Jeopardy! logo (with changes being made to the "R", the "Y", and the "!", and the color changed back to white). In addition, the two-tone blue and white band making up the border of the set was overhauled and replaced by a solid light blue neon band. The upper band was a one-piece design while the lower piece consisted of elements from the previous set and elements of the new set. A six-foot gap separated the edges of the upper and lower bands at the left and right sides, and a shiny metal grid was the main feature behind the contestants. The podiums also received a new look, incorporating the new shiny grid and a perennial white backlight. The gameboard was also substantially revised. Instead of a three-inch border surrounding 30 19" TV monitors, the new gameboard consisted of 30 25" TV screens incased in a half-inch frame. The end result resulted in a near-seamless video wall that was inspired by 1990's "The Challengers" that was hosted by Dick Clark. Additionally, the posterboard category headings were also changed to the use of TV monitors. The Jeopardy! logo on the set also was changed to a cycle between flashing red-to-white and flashing blue-to-white during the Jeopardy! and Double Jeopardy! round respectively. The "Entrance Arch" was replaced by a wall of the "metal grid" material and contestants from then on until 2002 walked onto the set. The floor now adopted the shiny black look from "Super Jeopardy!"
This set lasted until the thirteenth season in 1997, and was the longest-tenured set on the Trebek version.
Season Thirteen (1997-1998) Two months after the start of the thirteenth season, and shortly before their 3000th show, Jeopardy! once again overhauled their set. Every feature was overhauled. The main feature was a new 9-foot Jeopardy! logo etched in glass with the "P" and "A" being sliding doors for Alex's new entrance walk. The backdrop behind the contestants and for the remainder of the set consisted of dark gray granite columns and huge wood panels with small etched glass "windows." The set floor was also changed to a more angular shape and the color scheme on the floor consisted of a mix of granite tile, tan tile and gloss black. The contestant podiums were overhauled to a more wood-like appearance and Alex's podium received a similar treatment. Alex's podium also had a light blue neon backlight and a marble globe infront of it. Additionally, two large television displays were added to the left and right hand sides (usually seen off-screen) of the set, and the audience now became a part of the set, receiving the same background as the set itself. A few weeks after revealing this set, Jeopardy! rolled out a brand-new rendition of the famous theme music and a retooling of the Final Jeopardy! "Think Theme." All of these changes nearly alienated longtime loyal viewers of the show.
This set would last with virtually no change until the 19th season in 2003.
Season 19(2003-2004) Jeopardy would again overhaul their set, to the set they currently use now.
International adaptations
There are (or have been) versions of Jeopardy! outside of the United States, including a UK version hosted by Paul Ross (with Derek Hobson, Chris Donat and Steve Jones before him), an Australian version with Sale of the Century legend Tony Barber, versions from Sweden (from 1991) with Magnus Härenstam, Canada with Réal Giguère (aired on TVA network from 1991 to 1993), Germany with Frank Elstner, Russia, from 1994, called Svoya Igra, with Pyotr Kuleshov, plus a version from Denmark with Søren Kaster (from 1995), Lasse Rimmer (from 2000), to Lars Daneskov (from 2003), and a version in Israel with Ronny Yovel. Israel's version is the most recent version of the A&Q show around the globe, starting in 1997.
In addition, the American version of the show is distributed internationally and airs across the world.
Episode Status
GSN has aired one episode from the 1964–75 Fleming version, the 2000th episode. A clip from an earlier 1960s episode aired in 2004 during an ABC News Nightline special on Jeopardy! on the night Ken Jennings lost. In addition, an ordinary 1974 episode and the 1975 finale exist among private collectors. It is believed that is all that is left of the run, as the tapes were destroyed by NBC. The status of the 1978 version is unknown, although GSN aired this version's last episode on December 31, 1999, as part of a marathon of game show finales. The first episode and the second episode also exist in collections.
The Trebek version is completely intact. GSN—which like Jeopardy! is an affiliate of Sony Pictures Television—has rerun approximately eight seasons to date, although they continuously aired the 1997–98 season from June, 2001 until June 13, 2005, when GSN began rerunning episodes from the 2001–02 season.
Crew
- Executive Producer: Harry Friedman
- Senior Producers: Lisa Finneran, Rocky Schmidt, Gary Johnson
- Directed By: Kevin McCarthy
- Writers: Gary Johnson, Kathy Easterling, Mark Gaberman, Debbie Griffin, Andrew Price, Jim Rhine, Michele Loud, Steve Tamerius, Billy Wisse
Jeopardy! in popular culture
Main article: Jeopardy! in culture
The show has been portrayed or parodied on many television shows, movies, and literature over the years, usually with one of the characters appearing as a contestant.
A prime example of this was the Comedy Central show "Win Ben Stein's Money". If any contest answered a question in the question form made popular by Jeopardy, that contestant was forced to wear a dunce cap. However, if they gave the correct response they did receive the money value of the question.
Art Fleming appeared in a cameo role alongside the Jeopardy! board in 1982's Airplane II: The Sequel.
In the 1993 comedy film Groundhog Day, Bill Murray's character watches an episode of the program and, having lived the same day over and over again (as per the film's plotline), answered all of the questions correctly, sometimes before they were asked.
In an episode of Seinfeld, Jason Alexander's "George Costanza" demonstrates his newfound intellect by answering several difficult questions in a row correctly as he and Jerry Seinfeld watch an episode of the program.
The theme music appears in the 1993 movie version of The Beverly Hillbillies, playing while characters await a response from Diedrich Bader's "Jethro" character as to what exactly smog is.
The theme music appears again in the 1994 holiday comedy The Santa Clause, playing while characters wait for Tim Allen's character to finish eating a gigantic lunch.
Merchandising
The Jeopardy! brand has been used on products in several other formats.
- There have been Jeopardy! video games made on almost every popular platform including Nintendo Entertainment System, Nintendo Game Boy, Sega Game Gear, Sega Genesis, Super NES, PlayStation, Nintendo 64, Dreamcast, Apple Macintosh, Playstation 2, and Microsoft Windows.
- Tiger Electronics also marketed a hand-held travel version of the game in the late nineties.
- Several board game versions of the game have been produced by Pressman Toys, including a Simpsons version.
- For the show's 15th season in 1998-1999, a watch was released. The watch plays the famous theme song with the push of a button, and included 25 game cards with the answer-question format.
- A Jeopardy! DVD was released on November 8.
- Jeopardy! is going to release a Jakks Pacific game sometime in November.
See also
- Brad Rutter, Jeopardy! Ultimate Tournament of Champions champion
- Ken Jennings, winner of 74 games in 2004, holds almost every record in game shows, and most regular-season records.
- David Madden, from Berlin, Germany, who won 19 games on September 19, 2005.
- Merv Griffin Productions
External links
- Official Jeopardy! Web site
- Official Jeopardy! message board
- J! Archive: Clues from all 21 season episodes (as well as selected games from the past)(22nd season of jeopardy! in building process)
- Ronnie O'Rourke's JEOPARCHIVE!: Clues from all 20th season episodes
- A History of Jeopardy!
- UK Gameshows Page: Jeopardy!
- Jeopardy! Database of Champions: Tournament of Champions results from Seasons 1–15