Highlands, North Carolina

Highlands, North Carolina
Town
The town of Highlands as seen from Sunset Rock.
Official seal of Highlands, North Carolina Seal
Nickname:  Elevation 4118
Motto:  "Above it all"
Location of Highlands, North Carolina
Country	United States
State	North Carolina
Counties	Macon, Jackson
Townships	Highlands, Cashiers
Area
• Total	6.2 sq mi (16.0 km2)
• Land	6.1 sq mi (15.7 km2)
• Water	0.1 sq mi (0.3 km2)
Elevation	3,832 ft (1,168 m)
Population  (2000)
• Total	909
• Density	150.0/sq mi (57.9/km2)
Time zone	UTC-5 (Eastern (EST))
• Summer (DST)	UTC-4 (EDT)
ZIP code	28741
Area code	828
FIPS code	37-31360Template:GR
GNIS feature ID	1012061Template:GR
Website	[2]

Highlands is an incorporated town in Macon and Jackson counties in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Located on a plateau in the southern Appalachian mountains, within the Nantahala National Forest, it lies mostly in southeastern Macon and slightly in southwestern Jackson counties, in the Highlands and Cashiers (pronounced "cashers") townships, respectively. The permanent population was 909 at the 2000 census. The population swells to 10,000-15,000 during the season from spring to fall.

History

Highlands was founded in 1875 after its two founders, Samuel Truman Kelsey and Clinton Carter Hutchinson drew lines from Chicago to Savannah and from New Orleans to Baltimore. They felt that the place where these lines met would eventually become a great trading center and commercial crossroads.

In the 1930s the town became a golfing mecca when Bobby Jones of Atlanta and some of his well-heeled golfing buddies founded the Highlands Country Club. Today that club is one of seven successful residential country club communities. That particular Highlands Country Club is south of Highlands on Dillard Road (North Carolina highway 106).

Geography

Highlands is located at 35°3′15″N 83°12′8″W (35.054129, -83.202351)Template:GR.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the community has a total area of 6.2 square miles (16.0 km²), of which, 6.1 square miles (15.7 km²) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.3 km²) of it (1.94%) is water.

The official average elevation within town limits is 4,118 feet (1,255 m), making it one of the highest incorporated municipalities east of the Mississippi. It is also one of the coolest of all towns in the southern United States. The annual rainfall approaches 90 inches (2,300 mm) due to the orographic lifting effect of storms coming from the lower elevations. This rainfall and, counterintuitively, the abundant sunshine, create a lush and verdant microclimate which delights botanists.

Climate

Monthly normal and record temperatures
Mon.	Rec. low	Avg. low	Avg. mean	Avg. high	Rec. high
Jan.	-19°F -28°C	23°F -5°C	33°F 1°C	42°F 6°C	70°F 21°C
Feb.	-9°F -23°C	25°F -4°C	36°F 2°C	46°F 8°C	73°F 23°C
Mar.	-1°F -18°C	31°F -1°C	43°F 6°C	54°F 12°C	78°F 26°C
April	13°F -11°C	38°F 3°C	50°F 10°C	62°F 17°C	83°F 6°C
May	28°F -2°C	46°F 8°C	58°F 14°C	69°F 21°C	86°F 30°C
June	35°F 2°C	53°F 12°C	64°F 18°C	75°F 24°C	91°F 33°C
July	43°F 6°C	57°F 14°C	68°F 20°C	78°F 26°C	93°F 34°C
Aug.	43°F 6°C	56°F 13°C	66°F 19°C	76°F 24°C	91°F 33°C
Sep.	30°F -1°C	51°F 11°C	61°F 16°C	71°F 22°C	89°F 32°C
Oct.	20°F -7°C	40°F 4°C	51°F 11°C	62°F 17°C	82°F 28°C
Nov.	-3°F -19°C	32°F 0°C	42°F 6°C	52°F 11°C	77°F 25°C
Dec.	-11°F -24°C	26°F -3°C	35°F 2°C	44°F 7°C	72°F 22°C

Highlands owes its cooler weather to its altitude. Astride the Eastern Continental Divide, at just over 4,100 ft (1,200 m), the town's elevation contributes to its relatively cool summers and abundant rainfall, averaging 87.57 inches (2,224 mm) per year. Average snowfall is only 6 inches (15 cm), largely due to the fact that Highlands is further south and east in the Appalachian Mountains. Areas of similar elevation on the northwest side of Appalachian region, such as Banner Elk, are not as protected from periodic blasts of Arctic air and receive more substantial snowfall. Regardless, Highlands is one of the very rare locations at this latitude that has an average high of 78°F or 26°C in July, far lower than the rest of the American South.

Economy

Tourism

Tourism in Highlands is mostly seasonal (generally March through November), with the community drawing large numbers of Southerners from the oppressive summertime heat and humidity found throughout much of the region. Many stores are still closed in January and February, however most stores were formerly closed from late November until early April.

The town is dotted with many antique dealers, a well-known auction house, restaurants (six of which have received awards from Wine Spectator), shops, inns, as well as several buildings on the National Register of Historic Places. For the performing arts there are four theaters: The Highlands Playhouse (founded in 1938), the Instant Theatre Company (founded in 1981), the Highlands Community Players (founded in 1995), and the Martin-Lipscomb Performing Arts Center , which hosts touring groups. For the visual arts there is The Bascom - A Center for the Visual Arts, a new facility named for the artist and playwright, Louise Rand Bascom Barratt.

The historic (NRHP-listed) Lee's Inn, with an enormous tree growing through the middle of its dining room, was lost to an electrical fire in the 1980s and was not rebuilt. The historic Old Edwards Inn (also NRHP-listed) continues to operate as an inn and spa catering to the affluent, though its recent expansion and operation in the 2000s has caused conflict and consternation with long-time residents and the town council.

Public utilities and services

There is one Public school in the town, Highlands School, as well as an independent public library in the town, known as the Hudson Library. The library also houses The Bascom until May 2009; The Bascom is a nonprofit visual arts center that is constructing its own facility near town.

Highlands has a USPS post office, with ZIP code 28741 covering all of Highlands township (including Scaly Mountain) and adjacent parts of Sugar Fork township. It is also within area code 828, and all telephone numbers served by the town's telephone exchange begin with 526-, with seven-digit dialing allowed. Since buying GTE, Verizon is now the telephone company for the area. It also offers DSL high-speed Internet.

Cable television and cable modem services for the city of Highlands are contracted to Northland Cable TV, and later Highlands Cable Group. Both systems must carry local TV stations from the Asheville/Hendersonville and Greenville/Spartanburg areas. Additionally, because there are so many visitors and residents from metro Atlanta, Northland carries three major-network stations from Atlanta: WSB-TV 2 (ABC), WAGA TV 5 (Fox), and WGTV TV 8 (PBS, via GPB). (WXIA-TV 11 [NBC] was never carried because it was exclusive to big-dish satellite TV, ironically seen as far away as the Caribbean. WGCL-TV 46 [CBS] is not carried because CBS was on 5 at the time that the system was set-up, and Fox did not exist.) It also continues to carry WPCH-TV 17 (Peachtree TV), even after it was split from TBS after it was Superstation WTBS. It is one of the only cable systems that carries three different statewide PBS networks: GPB, UNCTV, and SCETV.

Highlands is also the city of license for two radio stations. WHLC FM 104.5 broadcasts from a house on Cashiers Road just north of town, and is one of the only stations to still have an easy listening format. Its omnidirectional broadcast range extends into all three surrounding states, going furthest into upstate South Carolina due to the lack of mountains there. W269AY on 101.7 also relays Western North Carolina Public Radio from Asheville. UNCTV is relayed in analog on W27BD, and in digital on W35CK-D.

Transportation

There are four major roads in and out of town. Franklin Road and most of Main Street carry U.S. 64 west and N.C. 28 north, going briefly west and then northwest to Franklin, along the Mountain Waters Scenic Byway alongside the Cullasaja River. Cashiers Road and north Fourth Street carry U.S. 64 east, going north and then northeast toward Cashiers, with views of Whiteside Mountain. Walhalla Road and south Fourth Street carry N.C. 28 briefly south, west around the south side of downtown, and then south again toward Pine Mountain, Georgia and Walhalla, South Carolina, keeping the number 28 in all three states. Dillard Road carries N.C. 106 southwest toward Scaly Mountain and Sky Valley, becoming Georgia 246, crossing the state line five times, and soon ending at U.S. 441 in Dillard. There are also other state secondary roads maintained by NCDOT, with Buck Creek Road (N.C. 1535/1538) acting as a very curvy bypass route around the town.

There is no public transportation within or through the town. The nearest municipal airport is Macon County Airport, between Franklin and Iotla. While it is also the nearest automated airport weather station, conditions there do not accurately reflect Highlands, as there is a major difference in elevation, and therefore temperature and precipitation. A USFS RAWS automated weather station (HGLN7) operates from north-northwest of Highlands, along Flat Mountain Road (N.C. 1544).

Recreation

Harris Lake in Highlands during fall.

Hiking

The nature and hiking trails around Highlands are popular with backpackers, and there is at least one outfitter store in town. As Highlands is in such a mountainous area, there are many scenic places to hike. With Highlands being home to various waterfalls, many hiking trails lead to these falls.

Fishing

Fishing is also available in Highlands, at Harris Lake and other in-town and surrounding-area lakes. Some areas are public and others are private fishing grounds. There are also several rivers, including the Cullasaja River that begins in town, and the Chattooga River to the southeast.

Waterfalls

Bridal Veil Falls

Main article: Bridal Veil Falls (Macon County)

Bridal Veil Falls is a 45-foot (20 m) waterfall located in the Nantahala National Forest, northwest of Highlands. With a short curve of roadway located behind the falls, it has the distinction of being the only waterfall in the state that one can drive a vehicle under. Bridal Veil Falls flows on a tributary of the Cullasaja River through the Nantahala National Forest. The falls flows over an overhanging bluff that allows visitors to walk behind the falls and remain dry when the waterflow is low. During periods of drought, the stream may nearly dry up, though visitors will get wet if the waterflow is moderate or high. Bridal Veil Falls is located on the side of U.S. Highway 64 2.3 miles (3.7 km) northwest of town. Highway 64 originally used the curve of roadway behind the falls exclusively so that all traffic went behind them; however, this caused problems with icing of the roadway during freezing weather, and it was re-routed around the front of the falls since. There is a parking area on the side of the road, where visitors can park and view the falls as well. In 2003, a massive boulder slid off the left side of the falls, blocking that side of the drive-under completely. However, in July 2007, that boulder was removed by a local developer..

Cullasaja Falls

Main article: Cullasaja Falls

Cullasaja Falls is a waterfall in Southwestern North Carolina. The waterfall is located on the Cullasaja River in the Nantahala National Forest and is part of the Mountain Waters Scenic Byway. Cullasaja comes from a Cherokee word meaning "honey locust place". The falls is the last major waterfall on the Cullasaja river. The falls is a long cascade over the course of 0.2 miles (.3 km). The height of the falls is given as 200 ft (61 m) in Kevin Adams' book, North Carolina Waterfalls and 250 ft (77.1 m) by NCWaterfalls.com. However, Google Earth gives a height (based on the elevation of the water at the top of the falls and the elevation of the plunge pool at the bottom of the falls) if 137 ft (42 m). It is easy to catch a glimpse of the falls as you drive by; however, getting a better view of the falls is not easy. The falls are located beside of a series of blind curves on Highway 64 with sheer rock cliffs above and below the road. There is only one small pull-off near the falls, but walking on the road puts visitors in danger of being hit by a passing vehicle.

Dry Falls

Main article: Dry Falls (Macon County)

Dry Falls, also known as Upper Cullasaja Falls, is a 65-foot (20m) waterfall located in the Nantahala National Forest, northwest of Highlands. Dry Falls flows on the Cullasaja River through the Nantahala National Forest. It is part of a series of waterfalls on a 8.7-mile (14 km) stretch of the river that eventually ends with Cullasaja Falls. Dry Falls flows over an overhanging bluff that allows visitors to walk up under the falls and remain relatively dry when the waterflow is low, hence its name. Visitors will get wet if the waterflow is high. The falls has been called Dry Falls for a long time, but has also gone by a few other names, including High Falls, Pitcher Falls, and Cullasaja Falls. Dry Falls is located on the side of U.S. Highway 64 3.1 miles (5.0 km) north of Highlands. There is a parking area on the side of the road, where visitors can park before walking the short path with stairs to the falls. During the summer of 2008 the Forest Service is making improvements to the parking area. The public areas will be closed during this renovation.

Quarry Falls

Main article: Quarry Falls (Macon County)

Quarry Falls is a small waterfall (or perhaps large rapid in high water) located beside US Hwy. 64 west of Highlands, North Carolina. It is best known for the large, deep pool at the bottom and is a popular place for swimming during warm weather.

Other waterfalls

• Glen Falls
• Lower Cullasaja Falls
• Lower Whitewater Falls
• Quarry Falls
• Silver Run Falls
• Upper Whitewater Falls
• Whitewater Falls

Demographics

As of the censusTemplate:GR of 2000, there were 909 people, 445 households, and 253 families residing in the town. The population density was 150.0 people per square mile (57.9/km²). There were 1,713 housing units at an average density of 282.7/sq mi (109.1/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 98.46% White, 0.11% Asian, 0.88% from other races, and 0.55% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.97% of the population.

There were 445 households out of which 18.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.8% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.1% were non-families. 36.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.04 and the average family size was 2.66.

In the town the population was spread out with 16.4% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 19.9% from 25 to 44, 33.4% from 45 to 64, and 24.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 51 years. For every 100 females there were 91.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $33,750, and the median income for a family was $46,875. Males had a median income of $31,964 versus $20,662 for females. The per capita income for the town was $24,120. About 4.2% of families and 7.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.2% of those under age 18 and 13.5% of those age 65 or over.

Nearby towns

In North Carolina

• Scaly Mountain, North Carolina
• Franklin, North Carolina
• Cashiers, North Carolina

In Georgia

• Sky Valley, Georgia
• Dillard, Georgia
• Mountain City, Georgia
• Pine Mountain, Rabun County, Georgia
• Clayton, Georgia

Further reading

• Good Reading Material, Mostly Bound and New: The Hudson Library, 1884-1994 by Randolph P. Shaffner

Publisher: Hudson Library of Highlands, North Carolina (1994)

ISBN: 0-9640078-3-5 A written history of the town library.

• Heart of the Blue Ridge Highlands, North Carolina by Randolph P. Shaffner

Publisher: Faraway Publishing (2004)

ISBN: 0-9710130-3-9 A written history of the town of Highlands, NC from its foundation to the publication of this book.

• Highlands by Randolph P. Shaffner

Publisher: Arcadia Publishing, Images of America series (2008)

ISBN: 0-7385-5403-0 A pictorial history of the town of Highlands, NC before and after its founding, from 1820-1930.

External links

• Official website of Highlands, NC
• The Highlander
• Highlands Chamber of Commerce website
• HighlandsInfo.com, a website of the Highlands Newspaper
• "Highlands Historical Society" - a complete resource for local history
• Panoramic virtual tour of Highlands town center