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{{unreferenced|date=July 2008}}
The '''Neo Black Movement of Africa''', also known as the '''Black Axe''' movement<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=33251|title= NIGERIA: Focus on the menace of student cults |publisher=IRIN|accessdate=2009-10-19|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}</ref> is a [[campus cult|Nigerian student cult]] and criminal organisation <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.economist.com/world/mideast-africa/displaystory.cfm?story_id=11849078|title=Nigeria’s violent university cults|date=31 July 2008 |publisher=The Economist|accessdate=2009-10-19}}</ref> that sees the preservation of African culture as an important goal. They are often implicated in the large-scale gang warfare that has spread throughout the Nigerian delta.


The '''Neo Black Movement of Africa''' is a socio-cultural organisation that seek to revive, retain and modify where necessary those aspects of African culture that would provide vehicles of progress for [[Africa]] and her peoples. The Neo Black Movement holds that a people can only progress rapidly by using and modifying where necessary such knowledge and instruments that has since distant past been familiar to them.
==References==

<references/>
Apart from fighting to stop African culture from liquidation, the Neo Black Movement attempts to spread the message of the need for peace, respect and [[tolerance]] among various races of the world. For this reason the movement unequivocally condemns in every form [[racism]] and [[apartheid]] wherever it exists in the world

==History==
The Neo Black Movement of Africa was formed in the 1976/1977 academic session at the [[Ekehuan]] Campus [[University of Benin (Nigeria)|University of Benin]], [[Nigeria]].
The motivation for its formation is two pronged.

The year [[1977]] was indeed a historic one for the black race. Globally the major issue confronting black people was the total [[Political emancipation|emancipation]] of the African continent. [[Namibia]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Mozambique]] and [[Angola]] were in the final throes of [[colonial rule]] and exploitation. The sensitisation of the children in the [[Diaspora]] to answer the call of [[Mother Africa]] and to look homewards, had reached its highest with the just concluded second festival of Black Arts and Culture ([[FESTAC]] 77) in [[Lagos]], [[Nigeria]].

[[Nigeria]] as a nation was still undergoing a phase of shock, trying to come to terms with the rude awakening of dashed hopes and another dream destroyed, with the death of General [[Murtala Mohammed]], whose dynamic leadership was halted in an assassination in February 1976.

For the first time in her history, the sleeping, clay footed giant of Africa had woken up to proclaim Africa as the centrepiece of her [[foreign policy]] and taken an uncompromising stance against [[neo-colonialism]] in all its modern ramifications – [[Western imperialism]] and Euro-American exploitation.{{Fact|date=October 2009}}

Within the university community, [[student activism]] and unionism was at its height as the 'Ali must go' demonstrations had shown. It was against this background that during 1976/77 academic session that nine undergraduates at the University of Benin, concerned and aggrieved about the dilemma and plight of members of the black race, came together to form the Neo Black Movement.

Their inspiration came from the lives and works of black African men such as [[Marcus Garvey]], [[Martin Luther King]], [[W. E. B. Du Bois]], [[Kwame Nkrumah]], [[Nelson Mandela]], [[Ben Bella]] and historic figures like [[Sundiata Keita]], [[Shaka]] Zulu and [[Ewuare]] the Great. Other influences were the pan-Africanist teachings of musicians like [[Robert Nesta Marley]], [[Peter Tosh]] and [[Fela Anikulapo Kuti]]. In very rare cases, there are inspirations tapped from other races like Ayatollah Khomeini (Ruhollah Khomeini) of Iran who throughout his active life stood against apartheid and dissed the west for their stance on racism.

The above influenced the ideological thought patterns of the Founding Fathers (FF) of the Neo-Black Movement. It was given the name, ''Neo Black Movement'' by a prominent [[professor]] of [[history]] and [[anthropology]] at the University of Benin (UNIBEN, Professor Angulu Onwuejiogwu who served as the first Patron. The Black Axe was the name of the quarterly News Magazine published by the Movement at the time to articulate its views. Members are known as ''Axemen'' each being presented with a symbolic wooden Axe on joining the Movement.

==Founding Fathers==

#Uche Alumona
#Tokunbo Brown
#Gbolahan Dosunmu
#Godwin Ehigiator
#Nicholas Idemudia
#Bernard Ojisua
#Olagunju Ojo
#John Okogie

==Objectives==

The objectives of the Movement as originally articulated by the pioneer members are:

#The redirection of all minds towards [[Black Realism]] and [[Determinism]] and the inculcation of discipline in the individual both in the body and mind.
#The prevention of all acts that seek to tarnish the image of Black people.
#To seek and conduct research into [[African traditional religions]].
#The publication of a regular magazine called the [[Uhuru]], which would serve as the mouthpiece of the movement.
#To co-operate and exchange ideas with other organisations whose objectives are similar to ours.

==Ideology==
The ideology of the movement is Neo-Blackism, which is a complex mix of [[intellectual radicalism]], [[pan Africanism]], [[negritude]] and fraternal relations. The Neo Black Movement believes in equality and brotherhood of all races. It does not encourage or seek to propagate any teachings or acts of supremacy or the practice of any forms of inequality in any variation based on race, religion, socio-political affiliations, sex, tribe or tongue.
The movement reminds Black people around the World of who they are, where they are from and help them to stay focused, determine to enable us accomplish our vision, dream, goal and prophecy.

==NBM Anthem==

Glorious Axemen all over Africa<br />
Let your spirit shine on us<br />
Let your spirit shine all Axemen<br />
So that we can reign for ever, ever, ever

Victory Axemen Africa<br />
Victory Axemen of Africa<br />
We believe in one black race<br />
In our struggle for freedom <br />
We must persevere

Victory Axemen Africa<br />
Victory Axemen of Africa<br />
In our struggle for freedom<br />
We must persevere<br />
Victory Axemen Africa<br />
Victory Axemen of Africa<br />

==Black Axe Confraternity==

The Neo Black Movement of Africa does not have any relationship with the organisation called the "Black Axe Confraternity".

Officially, The Neo Black Movement as its name implies is a movement and not a confraternity.The Neo Black Movement is not a 'secret' cult and does not partake in any form of ritual rites. The Neo Black Movement does not operate any structures in campuses anywhere in the world.

"The Black Axe" was the name of the first publication of the movement. The name of the publication was changed to Uhuru in 1985 when the activities of the Black Axe confraternity became known.

==Mission==
The NBM claims to use the resources at its disposal to spread the message of peace, respect and tolerance among diverse shades and [[creeds]]. The movement unequivocally condemns all forms of [[racism]], violence, [[apartheid]] and oppression all over the world.

==Motto==
The Motto of NBM is "Equality and social justice.

==Colours==
The colours of the Neo-Black Movement are black, white and yellow

*Black – signifies identification with the [[black race]] and the dignity thereof
*White – signifies peace and purity of mind and body
*Yellow – Signifies intellect

==Symbol==
The [[Axe]] is the symbol of the NBM. It demonstrates the readiness to confront the most difficult tasks. The axe is used to break the chain of [[oppression]], social injustice and other ills that have impaired the progress of people of colour worldwide.

==Membership==
The Neo-Black Movement does not operate a regimental structure. All members are of equal status irrespective of when they joined the movement. All members are identified as ''Axemen'' and ''Aye'' is the collective term of endearment.

Members are of two [[cadre]], students and graduates.

===Qualifying criteria===

*Graduate of a higher institution of learning and of good academic standing
*Be of good character and law abiding
*Are not and have never been a member of a [[campus]] confraternity
*Be of sound mind and body
*Subscribe to the ideals of the Neo Black Movement of Africa

There is an estimated membership of 5,000.

==Organisational Structure==
Before the withdrawal from educational institutions, the NBM operated a 3-House structure: The National, Zonal and Temple. In the new dispensation, a 4-house structure now operates namely National, Regional, Zonal and Forum. The Zone is however, the lowest common multiple as all members are attached to a Zone.

For administrative purposes, NBM operates a system of [[checks and balances]]. The Executive Council carries out the running of the different bodies of the NBM. The Council of Elders acts as a check to the executive council, an advisory body and as an appellate council.

===The Executive Council===
The executive is replicated at both the National and Zonal levels, and a variation is operated for the Regions and Forums. They are elected to serve a single tenure of 3 years.

The Exco comprises:
# Head - Chief Executive Officer
# Assistant to the Head and the custodian of NBM cultures and traditions
# Treasurer and financial officer
# Secretary
# Information officer
# Provost
# Legal Adviser

===The Council of Elders===
Works in conjunction with the executive council. It comprises members who are recognised by the length of membership and devotion to the NBM cause. They are elected to serve a tenure of 2 years and runs concurrently the Exco

The Council of Elders comprises:
# Chairman: Presides over the COE
# Scribe: Who acts as the Secretary
# Auditor
# Elders: Usually seven but can be more. Must include the present Head

Other consultative bodies exist in NBM. These include:
*Board of Trustees
*NBM Partnership Forums
*Council of Heads

==Activities In NBM==
*National Convention - This is the equivalent of an [[Annual General Meeting]]. It is usually held around the anniversary of the [[Sharpeville]] Day in March.

*Jollification – This is traditional NBM merriment. Here the major entertainment is Egede music with the use of drums and traditional African dance steps

*Black Night - This is the name for parties where non members of both sexes can attend. This is usually at the end of the year.

*Charity - NBM members also participate in charitable causes and Zones are required to have one charity event a year. This would usually be around the[[Soweto]] day

==Important dates on NBM calendar==
*January 15 - [[Martin Luther king]] Day
*March 21 - [[Sharpeville Massacre]] Day
*June 16 - [[Soweto]] Day
*July 7 - Founders Day
*September 12 - [[Steve Biko]] Day
*November 10 - [[Ken Saro Wiwa]] Day
*1st Weekend in December - NBM Thanksgiving day

==Branches of NBM outside Nigeria==
===Regional Headquarters===
*United Kingdom and Northern Ireland - [[United Kingdom]]
*Americas and Asia Pacific – [[Canada]]
*Africa (except Nigeria) – [[South Africa]]

===Zones and Forum ===
*[[Austria]]
*[[Belgium]]
*[[Canada]]
*[[China]]
*[[France]]
*[[Germany]]
*[[Japan]]
*[[Malaysia]]
*[[Singapore]]
*[[Netherlands]]
*[[Republic Of Ireland]]
*[[Republic of South Africa]]
*[[Spain]]
*[[United Kingdom]]
*[[USA]]
*[[India]]


==External links==
==External links==

Revision as of 08:15, 20 October 2009

The Neo Black Movement of Africa is a socio-cultural organisation that seek to revive, retain and modify where necessary those aspects of African culture that would provide vehicles of progress for Africa and her peoples. The Neo Black Movement holds that a people can only progress rapidly by using and modifying where necessary such knowledge and instruments that has since distant past been familiar to them.

Apart from fighting to stop African culture from liquidation, the Neo Black Movement attempts to spread the message of the need for peace, respect and tolerance among various races of the world. For this reason the movement unequivocally condemns in every form racism and apartheid wherever it exists in the world

History

The Neo Black Movement of Africa was formed in the 1976/1977 academic session at the Ekehuan Campus University of Benin, Nigeria. The motivation for its formation is two pronged.

The year 1977 was indeed a historic one for the black race. Globally the major issue confronting black people was the total emancipation of the African continent. Namibia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Angola were in the final throes of colonial rule and exploitation. The sensitisation of the children in the Diaspora to answer the call of Mother Africa and to look homewards, had reached its highest with the just concluded second festival of Black Arts and Culture (FESTAC 77) in Lagos, Nigeria.

Nigeria as a nation was still undergoing a phase of shock, trying to come to terms with the rude awakening of dashed hopes and another dream destroyed, with the death of General Murtala Mohammed, whose dynamic leadership was halted in an assassination in February 1976.

For the first time in her history, the sleeping, clay footed giant of Africa had woken up to proclaim Africa as the centrepiece of her foreign policy and taken an uncompromising stance against neo-colonialism in all its modern ramifications – Western imperialism and Euro-American exploitation.[citation needed]

Within the university community, student activism and unionism was at its height as the 'Ali must go' demonstrations had shown. It was against this background that during 1976/77 academic session that nine undergraduates at the University of Benin, concerned and aggrieved about the dilemma and plight of members of the black race, came together to form the Neo Black Movement.

Their inspiration came from the lives and works of black African men such as Marcus Garvey, Martin Luther King, W. E. B. Du Bois, Kwame Nkrumah, Nelson Mandela, Ben Bella and historic figures like Sundiata Keita, Shaka Zulu and Ewuare the Great. Other influences were the pan-Africanist teachings of musicians like Robert Nesta Marley, Peter Tosh and Fela Anikulapo Kuti. In very rare cases, there are inspirations tapped from other races like Ayatollah Khomeini (Ruhollah Khomeini) of Iran who throughout his active life stood against apartheid and dissed the west for their stance on racism.

The above influenced the ideological thought patterns of the Founding Fathers (FF) of the Neo-Black Movement. It was given the name, Neo Black Movement by a prominent professor of history and anthropology at the University of Benin (UNIBEN, Professor Angulu Onwuejiogwu who served as the first Patron. The Black Axe was the name of the quarterly News Magazine published by the Movement at the time to articulate its views. Members are known as Axemen each being presented with a symbolic wooden Axe on joining the Movement.

Founding Fathers

  1. Uche Alumona
  2. Tokunbo Brown
  3. Gbolahan Dosunmu
  4. Godwin Ehigiator
  5. Nicholas Idemudia
  6. Bernard Ojisua
  7. Olagunju Ojo
  8. John Okogie

Objectives

The objectives of the Movement as originally articulated by the pioneer members are:

  1. The redirection of all minds towards Black Realism and Determinism and the inculcation of discipline in the individual both in the body and mind.
  2. The prevention of all acts that seek to tarnish the image of Black people.
  3. To seek and conduct research into African traditional religions.
  4. The publication of a regular magazine called the Uhuru, which would serve as the mouthpiece of the movement.
  5. To co-operate and exchange ideas with other organisations whose objectives are similar to ours.

Ideology

The ideology of the movement is Neo-Blackism, which is a complex mix of intellectual radicalism, pan Africanism, negritude and fraternal relations. The Neo Black Movement believes in equality and brotherhood of all races. It does not encourage or seek to propagate any teachings or acts of supremacy or the practice of any forms of inequality in any variation based on race, religion, socio-political affiliations, sex, tribe or tongue. The movement reminds Black people around the World of who they are, where they are from and help them to stay focused, determine to enable us accomplish our vision, dream, goal and prophecy.

NBM Anthem

Glorious Axemen all over Africa
Let your spirit shine on us
Let your spirit shine all Axemen
So that we can reign for ever, ever, ever

Victory Axemen Africa
Victory Axemen of Africa
We believe in one black race
In our struggle for freedom
We must persevere

Victory Axemen Africa
Victory Axemen of Africa
In our struggle for freedom
We must persevere
Victory Axemen Africa
Victory Axemen of Africa

Black Axe Confraternity

The Neo Black Movement of Africa does not have any relationship with the organisation called the "Black Axe Confraternity".

Officially, The Neo Black Movement as its name implies is a movement and not a confraternity.The Neo Black Movement is not a 'secret' cult and does not partake in any form of ritual rites. The Neo Black Movement does not operate any structures in campuses anywhere in the world.

"The Black Axe" was the name of the first publication of the movement. The name of the publication was changed to Uhuru in 1985 when the activities of the Black Axe confraternity became known.

Mission

The NBM claims to use the resources at its disposal to spread the message of peace, respect and tolerance among diverse shades and creeds. The movement unequivocally condemns all forms of racism, violence, apartheid and oppression all over the world.

Motto

The Motto of NBM is "Equality and social justice.

Colours

The colours of the Neo-Black Movement are black, white and yellow

  • Black – signifies identification with the black race and the dignity thereof
  • White – signifies peace and purity of mind and body
  • Yellow – Signifies intellect

Symbol

The Axe is the symbol of the NBM. It demonstrates the readiness to confront the most difficult tasks. The axe is used to break the chain of oppression, social injustice and other ills that have impaired the progress of people of colour worldwide.

Membership

The Neo-Black Movement does not operate a regimental structure. All members are of equal status irrespective of when they joined the movement. All members are identified as Axemen and Aye is the collective term of endearment.

Members are of two cadre, students and graduates.

Qualifying criteria

  • Graduate of a higher institution of learning and of good academic standing
  • Be of good character and law abiding
  • Are not and have never been a member of a campus confraternity
  • Be of sound mind and body
  • Subscribe to the ideals of the Neo Black Movement of Africa

There is an estimated membership of 5,000.

Organisational Structure

Before the withdrawal from educational institutions, the NBM operated a 3-House structure: The National, Zonal and Temple. In the new dispensation, a 4-house structure now operates namely National, Regional, Zonal and Forum. The Zone is however, the lowest common multiple as all members are attached to a Zone.

For administrative purposes, NBM operates a system of checks and balances. The Executive Council carries out the running of the different bodies of the NBM. The Council of Elders acts as a check to the executive council, an advisory body and as an appellate council.

The Executive Council

The executive is replicated at both the National and Zonal levels, and a variation is operated for the Regions and Forums. They are elected to serve a single tenure of 3 years.

The Exco comprises:

  1. Head - Chief Executive Officer
  2. Assistant to the Head and the custodian of NBM cultures and traditions
  3. Treasurer and financial officer
  4. Secretary
  5. Information officer
  6. Provost
  7. Legal Adviser

The Council of Elders

Works in conjunction with the executive council. It comprises members who are recognised by the length of membership and devotion to the NBM cause. They are elected to serve a tenure of 2 years and runs concurrently the Exco

The Council of Elders comprises:

  1. Chairman: Presides over the COE
  2. Scribe: Who acts as the Secretary
  3. Auditor
  4. Elders: Usually seven but can be more. Must include the present Head

Other consultative bodies exist in NBM. These include:

  • Board of Trustees
  • NBM Partnership Forums
  • Council of Heads

Activities In NBM

  • Jollification – This is traditional NBM merriment. Here the major entertainment is Egede music with the use of drums and traditional African dance steps
  • Black Night - This is the name for parties where non members of both sexes can attend. This is usually at the end of the year.
  • Charity - NBM members also participate in charitable causes and Zones are required to have one charity event a year. This would usually be around theSoweto day

Important dates on NBM calendar

Branches of NBM outside Nigeria

Regional Headquarters

Zones and Forum

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