La Familia Michoacana: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 06:28, 28 May 2010
| Founded | 2006 |
|---|---|
| Founded by | Nazario Moreno González, José de Jesús Méndez Vargas, and Servando Gómez Martínez |
| Founding location | Michoacán, Mexico |
| Years active | 2006–present |
| Territory | Mexico (Michoacán, Guerrero, Mexico State, Guanajuato, Chihuahua, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Baja California, Jalisco, Mexico City, Nuevo León, Sinaloa and other parts) United States (California, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Florida, Ohio, Illinois and other states) |
| Ethnicity | Mexican |
| Membership (est.) | Estimated to have well over 1,000 foot soldiers |
| Criminal activities | Drug trafficking, bribery, people smuggling, political corruption, money laundering, extortion, murder, kidnapping and arms trafficking. |
| Allies | Sinaloa Cartel, Gulf Cartel |
| Rivals | Beltrán-Leyva Cartel, Los Zetas |
La Familia Michoacana (English: The Michoacán Family) or La Familia (English: The Family) is a Mexican drug cartel and an organized crime syndicate based in the Mexican state of Michoacán.[1] Formerly allied to the Gulf Cartel—as part of Los Zetas[2][3]—it has split off as its own organization since 2006.[2][4]
The cartel's current leader, Nazario Moreno González, known as El Más Loco (English: The Craziest One),[5] preaches his organization's divine right to eliminate enemies. He carries a "bible" of his own sayings and insists that his army of traffickers and hitmen avoid using the narcotics they sell.[6] Nazario Moreno's partners are José de Jesús Méndez Vargas, Servando Gómez Martínez and Dionicio Loya Plancarte, each of whom has a bounty of $2 million for his capture.[7]
Background
Mexican analysts believe that La Familia formed in the 1980s with the stated purpose of bringing order to Michoacán, emphasizing help and protection for the poor.[dubious – discuss] In its initial incarnation, La Familia formed as a group of vigilantes, spurred to power to counter interloping kidnappers and drug dealers, who were their stated enemies.[8] Since then, La Familia has capitalized on its reputation, building its myth, power and reach to transition into a criminal gang itself.
La Familia emerged to the foreground in the 1990s as the Gulf Cartel's paramilitary group designed to seize control of the illegal drug trade in Michoacán state from rival drug cartels. Trained with Los Zetas,[9] in 2006 the group splintered off into an independent drug trafficking operation. La Familia has a strong rivalry with both Los Zetas and the Beltrán-Leyva Cartel, but strong ties with the Sinaloa Cartel of Joaquin Guzman and the Tijuana Cartel of the Arellano Felix family, and this makes them one of the strongest cartels in Mexico.[10]
Faith-based cartel
La Familia cartel is sometimes described as quasi-religious since its current leaders, Moreno González and Méndez Vargas, refer to their assassinations and beheadings as "divine justice"[11] and that they may have direct or indirect ties with devotees of the New Jerusalem religious movement, which is noted for its concern for justice issues.[12]
Operations
Even by Mexican standards, La Familia has been known to be unusually violent.[13] Its members use murder and torture to quash rivals, while building a social base in the Mexican state of Michoacán. It is the fastest-growing cartel in the country’s drug war and is a religious cult-like group that celebrates family values.[6][14] In one incident in Uruapan in 2006, the cartel members tossed five decapitated heads onto the dance floor of the Sol y Sombra night club along with a message that read: "The Family doesn’t kill for money. It doesn’t kill women. It doesn’t kill innocent people, only those who deserve to die. Know that this is divine justice."[15]
The cartel has moved from smuggling and selling drugs and turned itself into a much more ambitious criminal organization which acts as a parallel state in much of Michoacán. It extorts "taxes" from businesses, pays for community projects, controls petty crime, and settles some local disputes.[16] Despite its short history, it has emerged as Mexico’s largest supplier of methamphetamines to the United States, with supply channels running deep into Middle America, and has increasingly become involved in the distribution of cocaine, marijuana, and other narcotics. Michael Braun, former DEA chief of operations, states that it operates "superlabs" in Mexico capable of producing up to 100 pounds of meth in eight hours. However, according to DEA officials, it claims to oppose the sale of drugs to Mexicans.[13] It also sells pirated DVDs, smuggles people to the United States, and runs a debt-collecting service by kidnapping defaulters. Because often times they use fake and sometimes original uniforms of several police agencies, most of their kidnap victims are stopped under false pretenses of routine inspections or report of stolen vehicles, and then taken hostage.
La Familia has also bought some local politicians.[17] 20 municipal officials have been murdered in Michoacán, including two mayors. Having established its authority, it then names local police chiefs.[18] On May 2009, the Mexican Federal Police detained 10 mayors of Michoacán and 20 other local officials suspected of being associated with the cartel.[17]
On July 11, 2009, a cartel lieutenant—Arnoldo Rueda Medina—was arrested; La Familia members attacked the Federal Police station in Morelia to try to gain freedom for Rueda shortly after his arrest. During the attacks, two soldiers and three federal policemen were killed.[19] When that failed, cartel members attacked Federal Police installations in at least a half-dozen Michoacán cities in retribution.[20]
Three days later, on July 14, 2009, the cartel tortured and murdered twelve Mexican Federal Police agents and dumped their bodies along the side of a mountain highway along with a written message: "So that you come for another. We will be waiting for you here." [20] The federal agents were investigating crime in Michoacán state;[21] President Calderón, responded to the violence by dispatching additional 1,000 Federal Police officers to the area. The infusion, which more than tripled the number of Federal Police officers patrolling Michoacán, angered Michoacán Governor Leonel Godoy Rangel, who called it 'an occupation' and said he had not been consulted. The governor's half-brother Julio César Godoy Toscano, who was just elected July 5, 2009, to the lower house of Congress, was discovered to be a top-ranking member of La Familia Michoacana drug cartel and is accused of being in charge of protection for the cartel.[20][22] Days later, 10 municipal police officers were arrested in connection with the slayings of the 12 federal agents.[20]
President Calderón stated that the country's drug cartels had grown so powerful that they now posed a threat to the future of Mexican democracy. His strategy of direct confrontation and law enforcement is not popular with some segments of Mexican society, where battling violent drug gangs has brought out several human rights charges against the Mexican military.[23]
Project Coronado
On October 22, 2009, U.S. federal authorities announced the results of a four-year investigation into the operations of La Familia Michoacana in the United States dubbed Project Coronado. It was the largest U.S. raid ever against Mexican drug cartels operating in the U.S.[24][25] In 19 different states, 303 individuals were taken into custody in a coordinated effort by local, state, and federal law enforcement over a two-day period. Seized during the arresting phase was over 62 kilograms (137 lb) of cocaine, 330 kilograms (730 lb) of methamphetamine, 440 kilograms (970 lb) of marijuana, 144 weapons, 109 vehicles, and two clandestine drug laboratories.
Since the start of "Project Coronado", the investigation has led to the arrest of more than 1,186 people and the seizure of approximately $33 million. Overall, almost 2 metric tons (2.2 short tons) of cocaine, 1,240 kilograms (2,730 lb) of methamphetamine, 13 kilograms (29 lb) of heroin, 7,430 kilograms (16,380 lb) of marijuana, 389 weapons, 269 vehicles, and the two drug labs were seized.[24]
"Multi-agency investigations such as Project Coronado are the key to disrupting the operations of complex criminal organizations like La Familia. Together—with the strong collaboration of our international, federal, state, and local partners—we have dealt a substantial blow to a group that has polluted our neighborhoods with illicit drugs and has terrorized Mexico with unimaginable violence", said FBI Director Mueller.
The investigative efforts in Project Coronado were coordinated by the multi-agency Special Operations Division, comprising agents and analysts from the DEA, FBI, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Internal Revenue Service, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Marshals Service and ATF, as well as attorneys from the Criminal Division's Narcotic and Dangerous Drug Section. More than 300 federal, state, local and foreign law enforcement agencies contributed investigative and prosecutorial resources to Project Coronado through OCDETF.[26]
References
- ^ La Familia Michoacana Fact Sheet DEA
- ^ a b La Familia, un cartel que se volvió un Estado paralelo
- ^ En el imperio de La Familia Michoacana
- ^ Mexico offers $2m for drug lords
- ^ A Mexican Cartel's Swift and Grisly Climb
- ^ a b Tuckman, Jo (July 5, 2009). "Teetotal Mexican drugs cartel claims divine right to push narcotics". The Guardian. Retrieved 2009-08-14.
{{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ "Mexico offers $2 million for top drug lords". El Paso Times. March 23, 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-15.
{{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ John P Sullivan, Samuel Logan (August 17, 2009). "Mexico's 'Divine Justice'". International Relations and Security Network. Retrieved 2009-08-20.
{{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Cook, Colleen W., ed. (October 16), "Mexico's Drug Cartels" (PDF), CRS Report for Congress, Congressional Research Service, p. 11, retrieved 2009-08-09
{{citation}}:|format=requires|url=(help); Check date values in:|date=and|year=/|date=mismatch (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters:|coeditors=and|coauthors=(help) - ^ Mexico Arrests Important Familia Michoacana Boss. 2009 'Latin American Herald Tribune'.
- ^ "'Family values' of Mexico drug gang". BBC News. 22 October 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-23.
{{cite news}}:|first=missing|last=(help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Grayson, George W. (February 19, 2009). "La Familia: Another Deadly Mexican Syndicate". RSD Reports. Retrieved 2009-08-16.
{{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ a b "La Familia Cartel Targeted, Police Arrest More Than 300 Across U.S."] Associated Press. October 22, 2009. Retrieved January 1, 2010.
- ^ Cocaine cartel uses religion to control its killers
- ^ George W. Grayson (February 2009). "La Familia: Another Deadly Mexican Syndicate". Foreign Policy Research Institute. Archived from the original on 2009-09-15.
- ^ "La Familia cobra impuestos en Michoacán" (in Spanish). El Universal. August 16, 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-17.
{{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ a b Mexico drug traffickers corrupt politics
- ^ Mexico: Taking On the Unholy Family
- ^ Mexican police, Soldiers killed in multi-city attacks by drug gang
- ^ a b c d "10 Mexican police officers held in killings of 12 federal agents". CNN News. July 19, 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-14.
{{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Mexico's drug war: Cartel kills 12 federal officers
- ^ "2 Mexican politicians sought; drug cartel link alleged". CNN News. July 15, 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-14.
{{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Mexico On the Brink
- ^ a b Richey, Warren (22 October 2009). "US strikes at Mexican cartel's drug-and-gun trade". The Christian Science Monitor.
- ^ Pilkington, Ed (23 October 2009). "Crackdown on La Familia cartel leads to more than 300 arrests across US". The Guardian.
- ^ DEA Project Coronado