Jump to content

Killing of Muammar Gaddafi: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 31°11′44″N 16°31′17″E / 31.19556°N 16.52139°E / 31.19556; 16.52139[1]
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
→‎Capture and death: rm pov, and for fuck's sake, will people learn that you put citations after the fact being cited, not before?
Line 62: Line 62:
Gaddafi survived the strikes and took refuge in a large [[culvert|drainage pipe]] with several bodyguards. A nearby group of NTC fighters opened fire, wounding Gaddafi with gunshots to his leg and back. According to one NTC fighter, one of Gaddafi's own men also shot him, in order to spare him from being arrested.<ref name="Guardian - Gaddafi killed">{{cite news |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/middle-east-live/2011/oct/20/gaddafi-killed-sirte-falls-live |title=Gaddafi killed as Sirte falls – live coverage|work=The Guardian |location=UK|date=20 October 2011 |accessdate=20 October 2011 |first=Adam |last=Gabbatt}}</ref><ref>David Martin – [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2011/10/20/eveningnews/main20123436.shtml "Who shot Qaddafi? Was it his own bodyguards?"] – ''CBS News'' – 20 October 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2011.</ref> It is unclear if NATO aircraft were involved in helping secure Gaddafi's capture by Libyan forces on the ground.<ref name="Blitz"/>
Gaddafi survived the strikes and took refuge in a large [[culvert|drainage pipe]] with several bodyguards. A nearby group of NTC fighters opened fire, wounding Gaddafi with gunshots to his leg and back. According to one NTC fighter, one of Gaddafi's own men also shot him, in order to spare him from being arrested.<ref name="Guardian - Gaddafi killed">{{cite news |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/middle-east-live/2011/oct/20/gaddafi-killed-sirte-falls-live |title=Gaddafi killed as Sirte falls – live coverage|work=The Guardian |location=UK|date=20 October 2011 |accessdate=20 October 2011 |first=Adam |last=Gabbatt}}</ref><ref>David Martin – [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2011/10/20/eveningnews/main20123436.shtml "Who shot Qaddafi? Was it his own bodyguards?"] – ''CBS News'' – 20 October 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2011.</ref> It is unclear if NATO aircraft were involved in helping secure Gaddafi's capture by Libyan forces on the ground.<ref name="Blitz"/>


Both Gaddafi and Jabr were killed shortly afterwards. Gaddafi reportedly shouted "Don't shoot!" prior to being shot,<ref name=cbs>{{cite news|title="Don't shoot": Qaddafi's last moments|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503543_162-20123183-503543.html|accessdate=20 October 2011|newspaper=CBS News|date=20 October 2011}}</ref> and when questioned by Misratan rebel fighters about the damage done to Misrata by his forces, denied any involvement, and begged his captors not to hit him or kill him. One fighter demanded Gaddafi stand up, but struggled to do so as he was almost paralysed with fear.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-15889840|date=28 November 2011|accessdate=8 December 2011|work=BBC News|title=Libyan fighter : I spoke to Gaddafi before he died}}</ref> In a video of his arrest<ref name="liveleak">{{cite web |url=http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=598_1319129108 |title=Gaddafie Captured alive then Executed footage. |publisher=Liveleak |date=20 October 2011 |accessdate=20 October 2011}}</ref> he can be seen draped on the hood of a car, held by rebel fighters.<ref name="reuters-who">{{cite news |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/10/20/us-libya-gaddafi-finalhours-idUSTRE79J5Q720111020 |title=Gaddafi's death – who pulled the trigger? |agency=Reuters |date=20 October 2011 |accessdate=20 October 2011}}</ref> A senior NTC official said that no order was given to execute Gaddafi.<ref name="reuters-who"/> According to another NTC source, "they captured him alive and while he was being taken away, they beat him and then they killed him", suggesting he may have been resisting.<ref name="reuters-who"/> Mahmoud Jibril gave an alternative account, stating that "when the car was moving it was caught in crossfire between the revolutionaries and Gaddafi forces in which he was hit by a bullet in the head."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-15389550 |title=Muammar Gaddafi killed in Libya |work=BBC News |date=20 October 2011}}</ref>
Both Gaddafi and Jabr were killed shortly afterwards. Gaddafi reportedly shouted "Don't shoot!" prior to being shot,<ref name=cbs>{{cite news|title="Don't shoot": Qaddafi's last moments|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503543_162-20123183-503543.html|accessdate=20 October 2011|newspaper=CBS News|date=20 October 2011}}</ref> and when questioned by Misratan rebel fighters about the damage done to Misrata by his forces, denied any involvement, and begged his captors not to hit him or kill him. One fighter demanded Gaddafi stand up, but he struggled to do so.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-15889840|date=28 November 2011|accessdate=8 December 2011|work=BBC News|title=Libyan fighter : I spoke to Gaddafi before he died}}</ref> In a video of his arrest he can be seen draped on the hood of a car, held by rebel fighters.<ref name="liveleak">{{cite web |url=http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=598_1319129108 |title=Gaddafie Captured alive then Executed footage. |publisher=Liveleak |date=20 October 2011 |accessdate=20 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="reuters-who">{{cite news |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/10/20/us-libya-gaddafi-finalhours-idUSTRE79J5Q720111020 |title=Gaddafi's death – who pulled the trigger? |agency=Reuters |date=20 October 2011 |accessdate=20 October 2011}}</ref> A senior NTC official said that no order was given to execute Gaddafi.<ref name="reuters-who"/> According to another NTC source, "they captured him alive and while he was being taken away, they beat him and then they killed him", suggesting he may have been resisting.<ref name="reuters-who"/> Mahmoud Jibril gave an alternative account, stating that "when the car was moving it was caught in crossfire between the revolutionaries and Gaddafi forces in which he was hit by a bullet in the head."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-15389550 |title=Muammar Gaddafi killed in Libya |work=BBC News |date=20 October 2011}}</ref>


Several videos related to the death were broadcast by news channels and circulated via the internet. The first shows footage of Gaddafi alive, his face and shirt bloodied, stumbling and being dragged toward an ambulance by armed men chanting "[[Takbir|God is great]]" in [[Arabic]].<ref name=AP/><ref name=NYT/> The video appears to picture Gaddafi being poked or stabbed in the rear "with some kind of stick or knife"<ref>{{cite news|title=GlobalPost: Qaddafi apparently sodomized after capture|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503543_162-20124758-503543/globalpost-qaddafi-apparently-sodomized-after-capture/|work=CBS|publisher=WorldWatch}}</ref> or possibly a bayonet.<ref name="Irish Times">{{cite news| url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/world/2011/1028/1224306622302.html | work=The Irish Times | first=Martin | last=Chulov | title=Gadafy's killers will be tried, claims NTC | date=28 October 2011}}</ref> Another shows Gaddafi, stripped to the waist, suffering from an apparent gunshot wound to the head, and in a pool of blood, together with jubilant fighters firing automatic weapons in the air.<ref name=AP/><ref name=NYT/> A third video, posted on YouTube, shows fighters "hovering around his lifeless-looking body, posing for photographs and yanking his limp head up and down by the hair."<ref name=AP/><ref name=NYT/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/video/middleeast/2011/10/2011102014201566639.html |title=Footage shows Gaddafi's bloodied body|work=Al Jazeera English |date=20 October 2011 |accessdate=20 October 2011}}</ref>
Several videos related to the death were broadcast by news channels and circulated via the internet. The first shows footage of Gaddafi alive, his face and shirt bloodied, stumbling and being dragged toward an ambulance by armed men chanting "[[Takbir|God is great]]" in [[Arabic]].<ref name=AP/><ref name=NYT/> The video appears to picture Gaddafi being poked or stabbed in the rear "with some kind of stick or knife"<ref>{{cite news|title=GlobalPost: Qaddafi apparently sodomized after capture|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503543_162-20124758-503543/globalpost-qaddafi-apparently-sodomized-after-capture/|work=CBS|publisher=WorldWatch}}</ref> or possibly a bayonet.<ref name="Irish Times">{{cite news| url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/world/2011/1028/1224306622302.html | work=The Irish Times | first=Martin | last=Chulov | title=Gadafy's killers will be tried, claims NTC | date=28 October 2011}}</ref> Another shows Gaddafi, stripped to the waist, suffering from an apparent gunshot wound to the head, and in a pool of blood, together with jubilant fighters firing automatic weapons in the air.<ref name=AP/><ref name=NYT/> A third video, posted on YouTube, shows fighters "hovering around his lifeless-looking body, posing for photographs and yanking his limp head up and down by the hair."<ref name=AP/><ref name=NYT/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/video/middleeast/2011/10/2011102014201566639.html |title=Footage shows Gaddafi's bloodied body|work=Al Jazeera English |date=20 October 2011 |accessdate=20 October 2011}}</ref>

Revision as of 04:08, 24 January 2012

31°11′44″N 16°31′17″E / 31.19556°N 16.52139°E / 31.19556; 16.52139[1]

Muammar Gaddafi was killed in his home town of Sirte.

Muammar Gaddafi, the deposed leader of Libya, died on 20 October 2011 during the 2011 Libyan civil war. Gaddafi was captured alive after his convoy was attacked by NATO warplanes as Sirte fell on 20 October 2011. He was then beaten and killed by NTC forces.[2] At the time of his death, Gaddafi was 69 years old.

Events

Death of Muammar Gaddafi
Part of the 2011 Libyan civil war

Situation in Sirte just prior to Gaddafi's death.
Date20 October 2011
Location
Sirte, Libya
Result Muammar Gaddafi killed
Belligerents

Libya anti-Gaddafi forces

NATO NATO command		 Libya Gaddafi Loyalists
Commanders and leaders

Libya Mustafa Abdul Jalil
 Libya Mahmoud Jibril
Libya Suleiman Mahmoud

Libya Hamid Hassy

Libya Muammar Gaddafi †
Libya Mutassim Gaddafi †

Libya Abu-Bakr Yunis Jabr †

After the fall of Tripoli to forces of the opposition National Transitional Council (NTC) in August 2011, Gaddafi and his family fled the Libyan capital. He was widely rumoured to have taken refuge in the south of the country and in fact Gaddafi had fled in a small convoy to Sirte on the day Tripoli fell. His son Mutassim Gaddafi followed in a second convoy.[3]

On 19 October, Libya's acting prime minister Mahmoud Jibril said that the former leader was believed to be in the southern desert, organising an insurgency among pro-Gaddafi tribes in the region. By that point the NTC had just taken control of the pro-Gaddafi town of Bani Walid and were close to taking control of Gaddafi's home town, the tribal heartland of Sirte east of Tripoli.[4] According to most accounts, Gaddafi had been with heavily armed regime loyalists in several buildings in Sirte for several months as NTC forces took the city.[5] Mansour Dhao, a member of Gaddafi's inner circle and leader of the regime's People's Guard, said that Gaddafi was very delusional and complained about the lack of electricity and water. Any attempts to persuade him to flee the country and give up power were ignored.[3] As the last loyalist district of Sirte fell, Gaddafi and other members of the government attempted to flee.[6]

At around 8:30 am local time on 20 October, Gaddafi, his army chief Abu-Bakr Yunis Jabr, his security chief Mansour Dhao, and a group of loyalists attempted to escape in a convoy of 75 vehicles.[7][8] A Royal Air Force reconnaissance aircraft spotted the convoy moving at high speed, after NATO forces intercepted a satellite phone call made by Gaddafi.[9]

NATO aircraft then fired on 11 of the vehicles, destroying one. A U.S. Predator drone operated from a base near Las Vegas[8] fired the first missiles at the convoy, hitting its target about 3 kilometres (2 mi) west of Sirte. Moments later, French Air Force fighter jets continued the bombing.[10] The NATO bombing immobilized much of the convoy and killed dozens of loyalist fighters. Following the first strike, some 20 vehicles broke away from the main group and continued moving south. A second NATO airstrike damaged or destroyed 10 of these vehicles. According to the Financial Times, Free Libya units on the ground also struck the convoy.[11]

According to their statement, NATO was not aware at the time of the strike that Gaddafi was in the convoy. NATO stated that in accordance with Security Council Resolution 1973, it does not target individuals but only military assets that pose a threat. NATO later learned, "from open sources and Allied intelligence," that Gaddafi was in the convoy and that the strike likely contributed to his capture.[11]

Capture and death

Gaddafi survived the strikes and took refuge in a large drainage pipe with several bodyguards. A nearby group of NTC fighters opened fire, wounding Gaddafi with gunshots to his leg and back. According to one NTC fighter, one of Gaddafi's own men also shot him, in order to spare him from being arrested.[12][13] It is unclear if NATO aircraft were involved in helping secure Gaddafi's capture by Libyan forces on the ground.[11]

Both Gaddafi and Jabr were killed shortly afterwards. Gaddafi reportedly shouted "Don't shoot!" prior to being shot,[14] and when questioned by Misratan rebel fighters about the damage done to Misrata by his forces, denied any involvement, and begged his captors not to hit him or kill him. One fighter demanded Gaddafi stand up, but he struggled to do so.[15] In a video of his arrest he can be seen draped on the hood of a car, held by rebel fighters.[16][17] A senior NTC official said that no order was given to execute Gaddafi.[17] According to another NTC source, "they captured him alive and while he was being taken away, they beat him and then they killed him", suggesting he may have been resisting.[17] Mahmoud Jibril gave an alternative account, stating that "when the car was moving it was caught in crossfire between the revolutionaries and Gaddafi forces in which he was hit by a bullet in the head."[18]

Several videos related to the death were broadcast by news channels and circulated via the internet. The first shows footage of Gaddafi alive, his face and shirt bloodied, stumbling and being dragged toward an ambulance by armed men chanting "God is great" in Arabic.[5][6] The video appears to picture Gaddafi being poked or stabbed in the rear "with some kind of stick or knife"[19] or possibly a bayonet.[20] Another shows Gaddafi, stripped to the waist, suffering from an apparent gunshot wound to the head, and in a pool of blood, together with jubilant fighters firing automatic weapons in the air.[5][6] A third video, posted on YouTube, shows fighters "hovering around his lifeless-looking body, posing for photographs and yanking his limp head up and down by the hair."[5][6][21]

Gaddafi's body

Move to Misrata

Gaddafi's body was subsequently taken to Misrata to the west of Sirte, where a doctor's examination disclosed that the deposed leader had been shot in the head and abdomen.[22]

Public display

The interim Libyan authorities decided to keep his body "for a few days", NTC oil minister Ali Tarhouni said, "to make sure that everybody knows he is dead."[23] To that end, the body was moved to an industrial freezer where members of the public were permitted to view it as confirmation.[24] Gaddafi's body was publicly displayed in a freezer in Misrata until the afternoon of 24 October.[25] Video shows Gaddafi’s body on display in the center of an emptied public freezer in Misrata.[26] Some people drove hundreds of kilometres across Libya to see proof that he had died. One viewer of the bodies said about the public display of his corpse, "God made the pharaoh as an example to the others. If he had been a good man, we would have buried him. But he chose this destiny for himself."[27]

Gaddafi's body was displayed alongside that of his son, Mutassim Gaddafi, who also died in the custody of Misratan fighters after his capture in Sirte on 20 October. The younger Gaddafi's body was removed from the refrigerator for burial at the same time as his father's on 24 October.[28]

Demands for the body

Although an NTC spokesman said Gaddafi's body would be returned to members of his family with a directive to keep the late strongman's burial site a secret after Libyan coroners conducted an autopsy to determine his cause of death,[7] the semi-autonomous military council in Misrata said it would be buried quickly instead, vetoing the idea of an autopsy.[29][30] Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch called for an independent autopsy and an investigation into how Gaddafi died in captivity,[31] but Jibril said neither step was necessary.[32]

Autopsy

On 23 October, the results of an autopsy conducted were released. They indicated that Gaddafi was killed by a gunshot to the head.[33]

Burial

On 25 October, NTC representatives announced that Gaddafi's body had finally been buried in an undisclosed location in the desert early that morning, together with those of his son Mutassim Gaddafi and the regime's defense minister Abu-Bakr Yunis Jabr.[34][35][36] According to several NTC officials the burial was attended by a few officials and relatives, including at least one prisoner of war, former Libyan security chief Mansour Dhao.[37] A Dubai based satellite TV channel Al Aan TV showed amateur footage of the funeral taking place at an undisclosed location where Islamic prayers were read.[38][39] Libya's Minister for Information Mahmoud Shammam said that a fatwa had declared that "Gaddafi should not be buried in Muslim cemeteries and should not be buried in a known place to avoid any sedition."[40]

Concurrent capture or death of relatives and associates

National Transitional Council officials also announced that one of Gaddafi's sons, Mutassim Gaddafi, once the Libyan national security advisor, was killed in Sirte the same day. A video later surfaced showing Mutassim's body lying in an ambulance.[41] A video aired on Al Arrai television showed Mutassim alive and talking to his captors. The circumstances of his death are unclear.[42]

Another son, Saif al-Islam Gaddafi, was captured almost a month after his father's death, whilst trying to flee to Niger.[43]

Footage had emerged earlier on 20 October of the body of Gaddafi's defense minister, Abu-Bakr Yunis Jabr. Abdul Hakim Al Jalil, the commander of the NTC's 11th brigade, stated that former Gaddafi spokesman Moussa Ibrahim had been captured near Sirte. Reports indicate that Ahmed Ibrahim, one of Gaddafi's cousins, was also captured.[44]

Subsequent events

Calls for investigation

Numerous organizations including the United Nations, the U.S. and UK governments have called for an investigation of the exact circumstances of Gaddafi's death,[45] amid concerns that it may have been an extrajudicial killing and a war crime.[46][47]

The UN Human Rights Office spokesperson said that he expects the UN commission already investigating potential human rights abuse in Libya would look into the case.[42] Waheed Burshan, a member of the NTC, said that an investigation should happen.[48]

On 24 October 2011 the NTC announced that it had ordered an investigation in response to the international calls[25] and that it would prosecute the killers if the investigation showed he died after his capture.[49]

Changes in interim government

Libya's de facto prime minister, Mahmoud Jibril, said on 22 October 2011 that he would give up the post to make place for elections, which would be held within eight months.[48] He was succeeded as interim prime minister by Abdurrahim El-Keib after a brief period in which his deputy, Ali Tarhouni, assumed his duties.[50][51]

Regional ramifications

In its immediate aftermath, the killing of Gaddafi was thought to have significant implications in the Middle East, as a critical part of the "Arab Spring". Former CIA analyst Bruce Riedel speculated that the death would intensify protesting in Syria and Yemen, and French officials stated that because of this they were "watching the Algerian situation".[52]

Domestic reactions

Prime Minister Mahmoud Jibril said he wished Gaddafi had remained alive so he could be tried for crimes against humanity,[33] saying he had wanted to serve as Gaddafi's prosecutor,[53] but now that he was dead, Libya would need a meticulous plan for the transition to democracy.[54]

Chairman Mustafa Abdul Jalil, the de facto head of state, said, "Our forces' resistance to Gaddafi ended well, with the help of God." He declared Libya to be "liberated" at a ceremony in Benghazi on 23 October, three days after Gaddafi's death.[50]

NTC official Ali Tarhouni said on 22 October that he had instructed the military council in Misrata to keep Gaddafi's body preserved for several days in a commercial freezer "to make sure that everybody knows he is dead".[55] Two days later, Tarhouni acknowledged that there had been human rights abuses in the Battle of Sirte, which he said the NTC condemned, and said the Executive Board "did not want to put an end to that tyrant's life before bringing him to trial and making him answer questions that have always haunted Libyans".[56]

A spokesman for the Misrata military council, Fathi Bashagha, said the council was confident Gaddafi was dead and that he had died of wounds sustained during fighting before his capture.[57]

Saadi Gaddafi, one of Muammar Gaddafi's surviving sons in exile in Niger, said through an attorney that he was "shocked and outraged by vicious brutality" toward his father and his brother, Mutassim Gaddafi, and that the killing showed that the new Libyan leadership could not be trusted to hold fair trials.[58]

International reactions

Main article: International reactions to the death of Muammar Gaddafi
See also: International reactions to the 2011 military intervention in Libya

Many leaders and foreign ministers of European countries, as well as fellow Western countries including Australia, Canada, and the United States, made statements hailing Gaddafi's death as a positive development for Libya. The city-state of Vatican City responded to the event by declaring it recognised the National Transitional Council as Libya's legitimate government.[59] World leaders such as Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi[60] and Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard[61] suggested that the death of Gaddafi meant the war was over. Some officials, such as UK Foreign Secretary William Hague, expressed disappointment that Gaddafi was not brought back alive and made to stand trial.[62]

Reaction from the governments of countries closely allied with Gaddafi was negative, with Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez describing the former Libyan leader's death as an assassination and an "outrage".[63] Nicaraguan President Daniel Ortega called his death a crime at his inauguration rally on 10th January 2012[64] .

NATO

Main article: International reactions to the death of Muammar Gaddafi § Intergovernmental organizations

Immediately after Gaddafi's death, NATO released a statement denying it knew beforehand that Gaddafi was traveling in the convoy it struck. Admiral James G. Stavridis, NATO's top officer, said the death of Gaddafi meant that NATO would likely wind down its operations in Libya.[65] Anders Fogh Rasmussen, the NATO secretary-general, said NATO would "terminate [its] mission in coordination with the United Nations and the National Transitional Council".[64]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Muammar Gaddafi: How he died". BBC News. 22 October 2011. Retrieved 22 October 2011.
  2. ^ Greenhill, Sam (28 October 2011). "Gaddafi's killers will be put on trial over mob execution, vow Libya's new rulers". The Daily Mail. London. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
  3. ^ a b Kareem Fahim (22 October 2011). "In his last days, Gadhafi survived on pasta and delusions". Star Tribune. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
  4. ^ "Gaddafi 'is recruiting fighters from other African countries'". The Guardian. London. Associated Press. 20 October 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
  5. ^ a b c d Gillette, Christopher; Gamel, Kim (18 October 2011). "Libya's Moammar Gadhafi killed in hometown battle". The San Francisco Chronicle. Associated Press. Retrieved 20 October 2011. [dead link]
  6. ^ a b c d Fahim, Kareem; Gladstone, Rick; Shadid, Anthony (20 October 2011). "Violent End to an Era as Qaddafi Dies in Libya". New York Times. Misrata. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
  7. ^ a b Fahim, Kareem (22 October 2011). "In His Last Days, Qaddafi Wearied of Fugitive's Life". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
  8. ^ a b Harding, Thomas (20 October 2011). "Col Gaddafi killed-convoy bombed by drone flown by pilot in Las Vegas". The Telegraph. London. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
  9. ^ "Wie die Nato Gaddafi jagte". Spiegel (in German). 21 October 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
  10. ^ Williams, David (21 October 2011). "How a NATO air strike finished off Gaddafi". The Daily Mail. London. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
  11. ^ a b c James Blitz and Hugh Carnegy. "Confusion over Nato role in Gaddafi death" (20 October 2011). Financial Times.
  12. ^ Gabbatt, Adam (20 October 2011). "Gaddafi killed as Sirte falls – live coverage". The Guardian. UK. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
  13. ^ David Martin – "Who shot Qaddafi? Was it his own bodyguards?" – CBS News – 20 October 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
  14. ^ ""Don't shoot": Qaddafi's last moments". CBS News. 20 October 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
  15. ^ "Libyan fighter : I spoke to Gaddafi before he died". BBC News. 28 November 2011. Retrieved 8 December 2011.
  16. ^ "Gaddafie Captured alive then Executed footage". Liveleak. 20 October 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
  17. ^ a b c "Gaddafi's death – who pulled the trigger?". Reuters. 20 October 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
  18. ^ "Muammar Gaddafi killed in Libya". BBC News. 20 October 2011.
  19. ^ "GlobalPost: Qaddafi apparently sodomized after capture". CBS. WorldWatch.
  20. ^ Chulov, Martin (28 October 2011). "Gadafy's killers will be tried, claims NTC". The Irish Times.
  21. ^ "Footage shows Gaddafi's bloodied body". Al Jazeera English. 20 October 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
  22. ^ "Gaddafi killed in hometown, Libya eyes future". Reuters. 20 October 2011.
  23. ^ "Libya delays burial plans for Muammar Gaddafi". BBC. 21 October 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
  24. ^ "Gaddafi, in meat locker, still divides Libya". Reuters. 21 October 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
  25. ^ a b "Libya's NTC orders probe into Gaddafi killing". Al Jazeera. 24 October 2011. Retrieved 24 October 2011.
  26. ^ Kim, Kyle (21 October 2011). "Gaddafi's body "packed in shopping center freezer" (VIDEO) (GRAPHIC)". GlobalPost. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
  27. ^ "Libya "liberated" but Gaddafi still unburied". Reuters. 24 October 2011. Retrieved 24 October 2011.
  28. ^ "Ignominious end for dictator Gaddafi as he is buried with his son Mutassim in unmarked desert grave at dawn". The Daily Mail. London. 26 October 2011. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
  29. ^ "Muammar Gaddafi family demands body, Nato ends Libya war". Times of India. 22 October 2011. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
  30. ^ "Sat, 22 Oct 2011, 18:41 GMT+3 – Libya". Al Jazeera.
  31. ^ Hounshell, Blake (21 October 2011). "Does it really matter if Qaddafi was executed?". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
  32. ^ McElroy, Damien (22 October 2011). "Libya to greet dawn of new era". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
  33. ^ a b "Autopsy: Qaddafi was killed by shot to head". CBS News. 23 October 2011. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
  34. ^ "Gaddafi buried in unknown location, reports say". The Guardian. London. 25 October 2011. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
  35. ^ "Gaddafi buried in secret location at dawn". ABC News. 25 October 2011. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
  36. ^ "NTC says Gaddafi buried in secret grave". Al Jazeera. 25 October 2011. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
  37. ^ Farmer, Ben (25 October 2011). "Libya: Gaddafi buried at dawn in secret desert grave as line is drawn under 42-year rule". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
  38. ^ Mousa, Jenan. "تجهيز جثمان القذافي للدفن في الصحراء الليبية - صور حصرية". Akhbar Alaan (in Arabic). Retrieved 28 October 2011.
  39. ^ "Gaddafi Funeral Video: Footage Claims To Show Secret Ceremony". Huffington Post. 26 October 2011. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
  40. ^ "Col Gaddafi 'buried in secret, desert grave at dawn'". BBC. 25 October 2011. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
  41. ^ "Mutassim's body". Youtube. Retrieved 22 October 2011.
  42. ^ a b "UN calls for probe into Gaddafi's death". Al Jazeera. 22 October 2011. Retrieved 22 October 2011.
  43. ^ http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/11/20111119111936535209.html
  44. ^ "Muammar Gaddafi killed as Sirte falls". Al-Jazeera. 20 October 2011.
  45. ^ Karin Laub (24 October 2011). "Calls grow for full investigation into Gaddafi's death". BusinessDay.
  46. ^ "Pressure grows for Gaddafi death investigation". ABC News. 22 October 2011.
  47. ^ "UN calls for probe into Gaddafi's death". Al Jazeera. 22 October 2011. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
  48. ^ a b "Doubts cast on official Gaddafi death account". Al Jazeera. 22 October 2011. Retrieved 22 October 2011.
  49. ^ "Libya Vows to Prosecute Gadhafi Killers". Voice of America. 27 October 2011. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
  50. ^ a b Daragahi, Borzou (23 October 2011). "Libya declares liberation after Gaddafi's death". Financial Times. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
  51. ^ Sabah, Zaid; Alexander, Caroline (1 November 2011). "Libya's NTC Elects Ex-Alabama Professor El-Keib as Interim Prime Minister". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2 November 2011.
  52. ^ "Which Middle East Dictator Is Going Down Next?" World News – The Daily Beast - 20 October 2011 – 20 October 2011.
  53. ^ "Libyan PM: I wish Gaddafi had not been killed". The First Post. 23 October 2011. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
  54. ^ "Remember years of agony in Libya, says Mahmoud Jibril". The Scotsman. 22 October 2011. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
  55. ^ "Libya delays burial plans for dictator". BBC News. 22 October 2011. Retrieved 22 October 2011.
  56. ^ "NTC vows to probe rights abuses, control arms". Magharebia. 26 October 2011. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
  57. ^ Cave, Peter (21 October 2011). "Misurata militia says it still has Gaddafi's body". ABC News. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
  58. ^ "Sun, 23 Oct 2011, 21:02 GMT+3 - Libya". Al Jazeera Blogs. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
  59. ^ Satter, Raphael (20 October 2011). "World looks warily to Libya's future post-Gadhafi". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
  60. ^ "News of Gadhafi's Death Met With Relief". VOA News. Associated Press, Reuters. 20 October 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
  61. ^ "Gaddafi death brings 'relief' to Libya: Gillard". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 21 October 2011. Retrieved 22 October 2011.
  62. ^ http://en.mercopress.com/2012/01/12/nicaragua-s-ortega-condemned-killing-of-gaddafi-and-offered-a-prayer-for-hussein
  63. ^ "As it happened: Libya's Col Gaddafi killed". BBC. 20 October 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
  64. ^ a b David S. Cloud." NATO commander expected to recommend ending Libya airstrikes" (20 October 2011).
  65. ^ "NATO commander to recommend Libya mission end" (21 October 2011). Associated Press.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Killing_of_Muammar_Gaddafi&oldid=472922879"