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Amritanandamayi is an Indian Swamini from [[Parayakadavu]] (now partially known as [[Amritapuri]]), [[Alappad]] Panchayat, [[Kollam District]], [[Kerala]] in 1953<ref>{{cite book|author=Cornell, Judith|title=Amritanandamayi: Healing the Heart of the World|publisher= HarperCollins|place= New York|year= 2001}}</ref> in the state of [[Kerala]]. Born to a family of fishermen, she was the third child of Sugunanandan and Damayanti. Her education ended at the age of nine, when she began to take care of her younger siblings and the family domestic work full-time.
Amritanandamayi is an Indian Swamini from [[Parayakadavu]] (now partially known as [[Amritapuri]]), [[Alappad]] Panchayat, [[Kollam District]], [[Kerala]] in 1953<ref>{{cite book|author=Cornell, Judith|title=Amritanandamayi: Healing the Heart of the World|publisher= HarperCollins|place= New York|year= 2001}}</ref> in the state of [[Kerala]]. Born to a family of fishermen, she was the third child of Sugunanandan and Damayanti. Her education ended at the age of nine, when she began to take care of her younger siblings and the family domestic work full-time.


As part of her chores, Amritanandamayi gathered food scraps from neighbors for her family’s [[cow]]s and [[goat]]s, through which she was confronted with the intense poverty and suffering of others. She would bring these people food and clothing from her own home. Her family, which was not wealthy, scolded and punished her. Amritanandamayi also began to spontaneously embrace people to comfort them in their sorrow. It was not permissible for a 14-year-old girl to touch others, especially men. But despite the reaction of her parents, Amritanandamayi continued.<ref name="ReferenceA">Amritanandamayichi – A Biography of Mata Amritanandamayi by Swami Amritaswarupananda, ISBN 1-879410-60-5</ref> Regarding her embracing of others, Amritanandamayi commented, “I don’t see if it is a man or a woman. I don’t see anyone different from my own self. A continuous stream of love flows from me to all of creation. This is my inborn nature. The duty of a doctor is to treat patients. In the same way, my duty is to console those who are suffering.”{{citation needed|date=August 2012}}
As part of her chores, Amritanandamayi gathered food scraps from neighbors for her family’s [[cow]]s and [[goat]]s, through which she was confronted with the intense poverty and suffering of others. She would bring these people food and clothing from her own home. Her family, which was not wealthy, scolded and punished her. Amritanandamayi also began to spontaneously embrace people to comfort them in their sorrow. It was not permissible for a 14-year-old girl to touch others, especially men. But despite the reaction of her parents, Amritanandamayi continued.<ref name="ReferenceA">Amritanandamayichi – A Biography of Mata Amritanandamayi by Swami Amritaswarupananda, ISBN 1-879410-60-5</ref> Regarding her embracing of others, Amritanandamayi commented, “I don’t see if it is a man or a woman. I don’t see anyone different from my own self. A continuous stream of love flows from me to all of creation. This is my inborn nature. The duty of a doctor is to treat patients. In the same way, my duty is to console those who are suffering.”<ref>http://[http://www.embracingtheworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/ETW2012.pdf www.embracingtheworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/ETW2012.pdf] | page 7, “I don’t see if it is a man or a woman. I don’t see anyone different from my own self. A continuous stream of love flows from me to all of creation. This is my inborn nature. The duty of a doctor is to treat patients. In the same way, my duty is to console those who are suffering.”</ref>


Despite numerous attempts by her parents to arrange her marriage, Amritanandamayi rejected their efforts.<ref name="thestar.com.my">[http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/3/8/apworld/20090308082927&sec=apworld Millions flock to India's hugging guru]. Thestar.com.my. Retrieved on 2011-06-24.</ref> In 1981, after various seekers had begun residing at her parents' property in Parayakadavu in the hopes of becoming Amritanandamayi's disciples, the [[Mata Amritanandamayi Math]], a worldwide foundation, was founded.<ref>"On the 6th of May in the year of 1981, with a view to preserving and propagating the ideals and teachings of the Holy Mother, the Mata Amritanandamayi Math and Mission Trust was founded and registered under the Travancore-Cochin State Literary and Charitable Act of 1955, at [[Kollam]], [[Kerala]], [[South India]]." Amritanandamayichi – A Biography of Mata Amritanandamayi by Swami Amritaswarupananda, ISBN 1-879410-60-5</ref> Amritanandamayi serves as chairperson of the Math. Today the Mata Amritanandmayi Math is engaged in many [[spirituality|spiritual]] and [[charitable organization|charitable]] activities.<ref name="embracingtheworld.org">[http://www.embracingtheworld.org/ (Amma's Charities)]. Embracing the World. Retrieved on 2011-06-24.</ref>
Despite numerous attempts by her parents to arrange her marriage, Amritanandamayi rejected their efforts.<ref name="thestar.com.my">[http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/3/8/apworld/20090308082927&sec=apworld Millions flock to India's hugging guru]. Thestar.com.my. Retrieved on 2011-06-24.</ref> In 1981, after various seekers had begun residing at her parents' property in Parayakadavu in the hopes of becoming Amritanandamayi's disciples, the [[Mata Amritanandamayi Math]], a worldwide foundation, was founded.<ref>"On the 6th of May in the year of 1981, with a view to preserving and propagating the ideals and teachings of the Holy Mother, the Mata Amritanandamayi Math and Mission Trust was founded and registered under the Travancore-Cochin State Literary and Charitable Act of 1955, at [[Kollam]], [[Kerala]], [[South India]]." Amritanandamayichi – A Biography of Mata Amritanandamayi by Swami Amritaswarupananda, ISBN 1-879410-60-5</ref> Amritanandamayi serves as chairperson of the Math. Today the Mata Amritanandmayi Math is engaged in many [[spirituality|spiritual]] and [[charitable organization|charitable]] activities.<ref name="embracingtheworld.org">[http://www.embracingtheworld.org/ (Amma's Charities)]. Embracing the World. Retrieved on 2011-06-24.</ref>

Revision as of 09:43, 26 September 2012

Mātā Amṛtānandamayī Devī
Mātā Amṛtānandamayī Devī
Personal
Born
Sudhamani Idamannel

(1953-09-27)September 27, 1953 (age 58)
Parayakadavu, Alappad Panchayat, Kollam District, Kerala, India

Mātā Amṛtānandamayī Devī (born as Sudhamani Idamannel on September 27, 1953), primarily known simply as Amma ["Mother"], is a Hindu spiritual leader and guru, who is revered as a saint by her followers. She is widely respected for her humanitarian activities.[1] She has been referred to as "The Hugging Saint".[2][3]

Biography

Amritanandamayi is an Indian Swamini from Parayakadavu (now partially known as Amritapuri), Alappad Panchayat, Kollam District, Kerala in 1953[4] in the state of Kerala. Born to a family of fishermen, she was the third child of Sugunanandan and Damayanti. Her education ended at the age of nine, when she began to take care of her younger siblings and the family domestic work full-time.

As part of her chores, Amritanandamayi gathered food scraps from neighbors for her family’s cows and goats, through which she was confronted with the intense poverty and suffering of others. She would bring these people food and clothing from her own home. Her family, which was not wealthy, scolded and punished her. Amritanandamayi also began to spontaneously embrace people to comfort them in their sorrow. It was not permissible for a 14-year-old girl to touch others, especially men. But despite the reaction of her parents, Amritanandamayi continued.[5] Regarding her embracing of others, Amritanandamayi commented, “I don’t see if it is a man or a woman. I don’t see anyone different from my own self. A continuous stream of love flows from me to all of creation. This is my inborn nature. The duty of a doctor is to treat patients. In the same way, my duty is to console those who are suffering.”[6]

Despite numerous attempts by her parents to arrange her marriage, Amritanandamayi rejected their efforts.[7] In 1981, after various seekers had begun residing at her parents' property in Parayakadavu in the hopes of becoming Amritanandamayi's disciples, the Mata Amritanandamayi Math, a worldwide foundation, was founded.[8] Amritanandamayi serves as chairperson of the Math. Today the Mata Amritanandmayi Math is engaged in many spiritual and charitable activities.[9]

In 1987, at the request of devotees, Amritanandamayi began to conduct programs in countries throughout the world. She has done so annually ever since. Countries Amritanandamayi has held programs in include Australia, Austria, Brazil, Canada, Chile, England, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Kuwait, Malaysia, Mauritius, the Netherlands, Russia, Singapore, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, United Arab Emirates and the United States of America.[10]

Darshan

Darshan means “to see” in Sanskrit. In the Hindu ritual tradition, it refers to seeing the sacred.[11] This typically corresponds to seeing the sacred in the image of a deity while at temple. It is believed that, in beholding the image of a deity, onlookers absorb through their eyes the powers of that deity.[12] Darshan hence is believed to have the capacity to bring good fortune, well-being, and grace to those who participate in the act. Members of Amritanandamayi's following use the term specifically in reference to receiving a hug from Amritanandamayi.

Amritanandamayi has been giving darshan in this manner since her late teenage years. As to how this began, Amritanandamayi says, "People used to come and tell [me] their troubles. They would cry and I would wipe their tears. When they fell weeping into my lap, I used to hug them. Then the next person too wanted it... And so the habit picked up."[13] Amritanandamayi's organization, the Mata Amritanandamayi Math, claims Amritanandamayi has embraced more than 32 million people throughout the world for over 30 years.[14][15]

When asked, in 2002, to what extent she thought her embraces helped the ills of the world, Amritanandamayi replied, "I don’t say I can do it 100 percent. Attempting to change the world [completely] is like trying to straighten the curly tail of a dog. But society takes birth from people. So by affecting individuals, you can make changes in the society and, through it, in the world. You cannot change it, but you can make changes. The fight in individual minds is responsible for the wars. So if you can touch people, you can touch the world."[16]

Amritanandamayi's darshan is the centerpiece of her life, as she has received people nearly every day since the late 1970s. With the size of the crowds coming to seek Amritanandamayi's blessings increasing, there are times when she gives darshan continuously for more than 20 hours.[17][18] In a conversation recorded in the 2004 book From Amma's Heart, Amritanandamayi says: "As long as these hands can move a little bit and reach out to those who come to her, and as long as there is a little strength and energy to place her hands on a crying person’s shoulder and caress and wipe their tears, Amma will continue giving darshan. To lovingly caress people, console and wipe their tears, until the end of this mortal frame is Amma's wish."[19]

Teachings

In the book The Timeless Path, Swami Ramakrishnananda Puri, one of Amritanandamayi's senior disciples, writes: "The [spiritual] path inculcated by Amma is the same as the one presented in the Vedas and recapitulated in subsequent traditional scriptures such as the Bhagavad Gita."[20] Amritanandamayi herself says, “Karma [action], jñana [knowledge] and bhakti [devotion] are all essential. If the two wings of a bird are devotion and action, knowledge is its tail. Only with the help of all three can the bird soar into the heights.”[21] She accepts the various spiritual practices and prayers of all religions as but various systems for the single goal of purifying the mind.[22] Along these lines, she stresses the importance of meditation, performing actions as karma yoga, selfless service, and cultivating divine qualities such compassion, patience, forgiveness, self-control, etc. Amritanandamayi says that these practices refine the mind, making it fit for assimilating the ultimate truth: that one is not the limited body and mind but the eternal blissful consciousness that serves as the non-dual substratum of the universe.[20] This understanding itself Amritanandamayi refers to as jivanmukti [liberation while alive]. Amritanandamayi says, "Jivanmukti is not something to be attained after death, nor is it to be experienced or bestowed upon you in another world. It is a state of perfect awareness and equanimity, which can be experienced here and now in this world, while living in the body. Having come to experience the highest truth of oneness with the Self, such blessed souls do not have to be born again. They merge with the infinite."[21]

Meditation Techniques(IAM & AMRITA Yoga)

Integrated Amrita Meditation Technique

Integrated Amrita Meditation technique [23]- simply called as IAM is developed by Mata amritanandamayi and is taught all over the world. [24][25][26][27][28][29] Large number of people was benefited by the above technique. There are many versions of IAM – a) Corporate version(organizational version)[30] b) children version[31] c) Longer version. All the versions are taught free of cost all over the world.[32] Corporate version is taught to people working in corporate,educational organizations&government offices. It is also taught to military and police forces in India.[33][34][35]Corporate version is the smallest version and it can be practiced daily within a span of 20-25 minutes.Small children under the age of eight are taught with children version with easy mediation techniques to suit them. A huge pool of trainers is created and they teach the IAM all over the world based on request[36]. Longer version is taught for people who practices mediation regularly and it takes more time to practice than corporate version. More details available in the following website.(www.iam-meditation.org)

Research on IAM

IAM has basically two components: 1) stretching exercises with focused breathing to suit the individual 2) visualization. IAM releases the tension, improves concentration and finally leads to relaxation and expansive mind.It physically helps in good sleep, good digestion, no depression and reduces many other health risks due to stress(cortisol and adrenaline level increase). It is proved in the research that IAM reduces the stresses (decrease in the cortisol level) within one or two practices.Regular practices and attending refresher courses reduces the cortisol level and adrenaline values to the significant extent,statistically.[37] [38] It also proved in research that after practicing the IAM for three or four times, the response from the practicing group to various life issues found to be positive.[39]

AMRITA Yoga

AMRITA YOGA is holistic yoga program based on all four paths (Bhakti, Jana, Karma & Raja yoga) of spirituality. AMRITA Yoga was developed under the guidance of mataji and based on her spiritual teachings. The speciality of AMRITA yoga is synchronization of sacred mantras with breathing. There are two structures in AMRITA yoga a) intensive programs and b)Two weeks programs.

Intensive 4 day programs are currently offered under three categories namely Foundation, Level One and Level Two. Two week programs are Immersion programs which is an attempt to journey ancient science and art of yoga to meet the needs of the modern life. >http://e.amritapuri.org/yoga/</ref>

Charity

Amritanandamayi's world-wide charitable mission includes a program to house the homeless, build orphanages, and provide relief-and-rehabilitation in the aftermath of disasters such as the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami,[40] free medical care, pensions for widows and disabled people, aid environmental-protection groups, renovate and urbanize slums, build care facilities for the elderly, and offer free food and clothing for the poor.[citation needed] These projects are overseen by various organizations, including the Mata Amritanandamayi Math (India), the Mata Amritanandamayi Center (USA), Amritanandamayi-Europe, Amritanandamayi-Japan, Amritanandamayi-Kenya, Amritanandamayi-Australia, etc. All the organizations collectively are known as Embracing the World.

When asked about how her charitable mission's development in 2004, Amritanandamayi said, "As for the activities, there was no planning. Everything happened spontaneously. One thing led to another on seeing the plight of the poor and the distressed. As Amma meets each and every person, she sees their problems face to face and tries to do something to alleviate their suffering. Om lokah samastah sukhino bhavantu is one of the important mantras of Sanatana Dharma, which means, 'May all the beings in all the worlds be happy and peaceful.' The spirit of this mantra was put into action."[41]

The majority of work is done by volunteers as a form of spiritual practice. "It is Amma's wish that all of her children should dedicate their lives to spreading love and peace throughout the world. Real love and devotion for God is to have compassion for the poor and the suffering," Amritanandamayi says. "My children, feed those who are hungry, help the poor, console the sorrowful, comfort the suffering, be charitable to all.”[20]

Bhajans

Amritanandamayi is well known for her devotional singing. Amritanandamayi has recorded more than 1,000 bhajans in 35 languages.[42] She has also composed dozens of bhajans and set them to traditional ragas. Regarding devotional singing as a spiritual practice, Amritanandamayi says, "If the bhajan is sung with one-pointedness, it is beneficial for the singer, the listeners, and Nature as well. Later when the listeners reflect on the songs, they will try to live in accordance with the lessons enunciated therein."[43] Amritanandamayi says that in today's world, it is often difficult for people to get one-pointed concentration in meditation, but this concentration can be attained much easier through devotional singing.[44]

Books and publications

Amritanandamayi's disciples have transcribed her conversations with devotees and spiritual seekers to create approximately a dozen books of her teachings known as "Awaken Children". The addresses she has delivered at various international forums have also been published in book form. Senior disciples including Swami Ramakrishnananda Puri, Swami Turiyamritananda Puri, Swami Paramatmananda and Swamini Krishnamrita Prana have also written books about their experiences with Amritanandamayi and their understanding of Amritanandamayi's teachings. Swami Amritaswarupananda Puri, the Vice-Chairman of the Mata Amritanandamayi Math, has written a biography about Amritanandamayi. The Mata Amritanandamayi Math also publishes Matruvani, a monthly spiritual magazine, as well as Immortal Bliss, a quarterly. Beginning in April 2011, a bi-weekly message from Amritanandamayi has appeared in the Lifestyle section of the Express Buzz Sunday supplement of the New Indian Express newspaper.

Controversies

There are many controversies about Amritanandamayi.

Fraudulence and suspicious deaths

Sreeni Pattathanam, the Kerala-based head of the Indian Rationalist Association, wrote Matha Amritanandamayi: Sacred Stories and Realities, a controversial critique first published in 1985. The author claims that all the miracles of Amritanandamayi are bogus and that there have been many suspicious deaths in and around her ashram that need police investigation. The book contains references to court records, newspaper reports and quotations from literary figures, including statements from devotees, residents of the Math, relatives of Amritanandamayi and an interview with Amritanandamayi herself. The book was published again in 2002.[45]

On August 9, 2002, Deshabhimani, a Malayalam daily newspaper owned by the Communist Party of India (Marxist),[46] published a similar account, demanding investigation into the same deaths Pattathanam found suspicious.[47] On September 24, 2002, Deshabhimani officially apologized for the report, publishing an article titled "Report that Suspicious Deaths at Amritanandamayi Math Are Growing Was Incorrect." The article stated: "We now state with conviction that there was nothing suspicious about deaths that happened in the Math. Some of the deaths mentioned in the article did not even take place at the Math." The article goes on to describe how relatives of the deceased had personally contacted Deshabhimani in order to correct the misinformation conveyed in the article. In several cases, the deaths were of elderly people, and the editors explained how the relatives had contacted Deshabhimani and explained how they were the bedsides of the people who supposedly had died suspiciously during the time of their passing.[48]

In 2004, the Kerala State Government sanctioned criminal prosecution of Patthathanam, the owner of the publishing company and the printer of the book on grounds that religious sentiments had been offended. The order followed directions from the Kerala High Court to the Home Department for considering an application by T.K. Ajan, a resident of the Mata Amritanandamayi Math.[49] Political parties protested the move against Pattathanam.[50]

Source of foreign aid

In June 2007, Shantanu Guha Ray wrote on Tehelka weekly that Amritanandamayi Math had an annual turnover of INR 400 crores.[51] In June 2007, novelist Paul Zacharia wrote on Tehelka that Amritanandamayi goes scotfree from scrutinies on money with foreign strings.[52]

In May 2008, the president of Kerala Yukthivadi Sangham, U. Kalanathan urged the state government to conduct an enquiry into Amritanandamayi's assets. He said the sources of the her income and its utilisation should be investigated.[53]

In June 2008, writer Sukumar Azhikode demanded the state government to probe the source of foreign aid received by her organisation. He said Amritanandamayi was being used as an instrument by vested interests around her.[54] He accused that her sources of income are suspicious.[55]

Attacks on Amritanandamayi

2005

In August 2005, Amritanandamayi was attacked by a man named Pavithran. He was sitting with other followers praying and singing in front of Amritanandamayi. He then rushed to Amritanandamayi with a knife, but was overpowered by a group of disciples. Amritanandamayi's disciple Amritaswarupananda Puri said Pavithran was of "unstable mind."[56] Amritanandamayi, who forgave Pavithran,[57] said, "All those who are born will die one day. I am going ahead keeping this reality in mind. I will carry on. I will continue to give darshan to the devotees coming here to meet me."[58] After the incident which took place at 6:45 pm, she continued to meet with followers until 5 am the next morning.[57]

2012

On 1 August 2012, a 25-year-old Bihari law student, Satnam Singh Mann, attempted to barge onto the podium of Amritanandamayi at her ashram in Kollam. According to police, he was screaming[59] and reciting words in Arabic[60] at the time. He attacked security guards and then was overpowered by devotees, who handed him over to the police. After appearance before a magistrate on August 2, Mann was kept in custody at a Kollam sub-jail, where he exhibited more violent behavior.[61] The police transferred him to a district hospital in Kollam, and then, on August 3, he was transferred to the Mental Health Centre at Peroorkada.[61] On August 4, he was found unconscious in his cell and was taken to the Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, where he was pronounced dead.[62]

Mann's death was considered "mysterious."[63] Kerala BJP president, V. Muraleedharan, demanded a CBI probe, stating that Mann's death prevented him from being questioned regarding the motivation for his attacks and that his death may have been a cover-up for a religiously-motivated or terrorist attack.[64][65] Sources from Mann's family stated that he was brought to the hospital from the jail in a severely tortured condition, with more than 30 injury marks on his body.[66] Social activist Agnivesh observed that Mann should have been treated with compassion by the ashram. He said there was not anything seriously objectionable in Mann's past and he had not insulted or abused anyone. He said the ashram must have said something to the police because of which they overdid things.[67] Crime Branch Inspector General B. Sandhya was given the responsibility to probe the murder.[68] She visited the Mata Amritanandamayi ashram and recorded statements from devotees. She also met Amirtanandamayi.[69] The Crime Branch report, submitted in court, revealed that Mann was beaten by a warden, an attendant and four other patients for fighting with a cell mate at the mental hospital.[70][71] The report says they Mann was struck with a thick cable wire and lock and his head was bashed against a wall. It says there were 77 bruise marks on his body, mainly on his head and neck.[70][71] The warden and the attendant were arrested in connection with the murder.[62] Doctors had confirmed serious injury marks on Mann's body before taking him into custody.[72] However when addressing the press after Mann's death, Mann's relative Vimal Kishore said that when he had visited Mann in the Karunagappally jail he had seen no injuries on his cousin.[73] Mann's father, Harendra Kumar Singh, announced to the press, "It looks like a clear case of murder in judicial custody." He also added that Mann never showed any mental problems in school.[74]

A well known commentator on politics and economics Mr.S.Gurumurthy raised few questions on convergent views of press media and pointed out that there may be some vested interest behind satnam's custodial death & to use the issue against Ashram and Mataji.[75]. Justice Krishna Iyer also supported Mr.gurumurthy's view by pointing out that this incident has to be taken as a wake up call to the state government to avoid any further fouling of Hindu sentiments.He also pointed out that this issue is not the problem for Mataji or her institution but for whole state. [76]

Positions

  • Founder & Chairperson, Mata Amritanandamayi Math
  • Founder, Embracing the World[77]
  • Chancellor, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University[78]
  • Founder, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences (AIMS Hospital)[79]
  • Parliament of the World's Religions, International Advisory Committee Member[80]

Awards and honours

Addresses at international forums

  • 1993, 'May Your Hearts Blossom,' the Parliament of the World's Religions 100th Anniversary (Chicago)
  • 1995, 'Unity Is Peace,' Interfaith Celebration of the 50th Anniversary of the United Nations (New York)[87]
  • 2000, 'Living in Harmony,' Millennium World Peace Summit of Religious & Spiritual Leaders (UN, New York)[91]
  • 2002, 'Awakening of Universal Motherhood,' the Global Peace Initiative of Women, (UN, Geneva)[91] · [84]
  • 2004, 'May Peace & Happiness Prevail,' Parliament of World's Religions (Barcelona)[92] · [93]
  • 2006, 'Understanding & Collaboration Between Religions,' James Parks Morton Interfaith Awards (New York)[87]
  • 2007, 'Compassion: The Only Way to Peace' (Cinéma Vérité Festival, Paris)[94]
  • 2008, 'The Infinite Potential of Women,' keynote address of the Global Peace Initiative of Women (Jaipur),[95][96]
  • 2009, 'Cultivating Strength & Vitality,' inauguration of Vivekananda International Foundation (New Delhi)[97]

Documentaries

  • 1999 River of Love: A Documentary Drama on the Life of Ammachi
  • 2000 Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends – "Indian Gurus" (BBC-TV)
  • 2005 Darshan: The Embrace – directed by Jan Kounen
  • 2007 In God's Name – directed by Jules Clément Naudet and Thomas Gédéon Naudet

Video from international conferences

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b South Asia | Devotees flock to hug Indian guru. BBC News (2003-09-24). Retrieved on 2011-06-24.
  2. ^ Amma: The hugging saint, Cathy Lynn Grossman (2006). USA Today. Retrieved on February 19, 2008.
  3. ^ Amma Embracing the world 2007 (video). Video.google.fr. Retrieved on 2011-06-24.
  4. ^ Cornell, Judith (2001). Amritanandamayi: Healing the Heart of the World. New York: HarperCollins.
  5. ^ Amritanandamayichi – A Biography of Mata Amritanandamayi by Swami Amritaswarupananda, ISBN 1-879410-60-5
  6. ^ http://www.embracingtheworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/ETW2012.pdf | page 7, “I don’t see if it is a man or a woman. I don’t see anyone different from my own self. A continuous stream of love flows from me to all of creation. This is my inborn nature. The duty of a doctor is to treat patients. In the same way, my duty is to console those who are suffering.”
  7. ^ Millions flock to India's hugging guru. Thestar.com.my. Retrieved on 2011-06-24.
  8. ^ "On the 6th of May in the year of 1981, with a view to preserving and propagating the ideals and teachings of the Holy Mother, the Mata Amritanandamayi Math and Mission Trust was founded and registered under the Travancore-Cochin State Literary and Charitable Act of 1955, at Kollam, Kerala, South India." Amritanandamayichi – A Biography of Mata Amritanandamayi by Swami Amritaswarupananda, ISBN 1-879410-60-5
  9. ^ (Amma's Charities). Embracing the World. Retrieved on 2011-06-24.
  10. ^ McGregor, Gretchen Kusuma, "In the Shelter of Her Arms," MA Center, 2012, ISBN 1-879410-17-6, page 283 | "Since 1987, Amma has traveled to six of the world’s seven continents, and 26 countries worldwide have hosted Amma’s programs including Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Kuwait, Malaysia, Mauritius, the Netherlands, Russia, Singapore, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom and the United States of America. The French territory of Reunion Island has also graciously hosted Amma’s programs for more than 25 years."
  11. ^ Babb, Lawrence. 1981. Glancing: Visual Interaction in Hinduism. Journal of Anthropological Research 37 (4):387–401; Eck, Diana. 1981. Darshan: Seeing the Divine Image in India. 2 ed. Chambersburg, PA: Anima.
  12. ^ Fuller, C.J. 1992. The Camphor Flame: Popular Hinduism and Society in India. Princeton: Princeton University Press
  13. ^ rediff.com: The Rediff Interview/Mata Amritanandmayi. Im.rediff.com (2002-08-02). Retrieved on 2011-06-24.
  14. ^ http://www.embracingtheworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/ETW2012.pdf
  15. ^ http://www.wwd.com/eye/people/amma-conquering-the-world-one-hug-at-a-time-6091712
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References

External links

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