User:Chaking32/sandbox: Difference between revisions
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* Quantitative Proton [[Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy]] (MRS) <ref name="Freedman">{{cite book|last=Freedman|first=Mark S|title=Advances in Neurology Volume 98: Multiple Sclerosis and Demyelinating Diseases |year=2005|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |location=Philadelphia|isbn=0781751705|pages=309}}</ref> |
* Quantitative Proton [[Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy]] (MRS) <ref name="Freedman">{{cite book|last=Freedman|first=Mark S|title=Advances in Neurology Volume 98: Multiple Sclerosis and Demyelinating Diseases |year=2005|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |location=Philadelphia|isbn=0781751705|pages=309}}</ref> |
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* Diagnostic Criteria (see [[Medical diagnosis]]) <ref name="Freedman">{{cite book|last=Freedman|first=Mark S|title=Advances in Neurology Volume 98: Multiple Sclerosis and Demyelinating Diseases |year=2005|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |location=Philadelphia|isbn=0781751705|pages=120, 320}}</ref> |
* Diagnostic Criteria (see [[Medical diagnosis]]) <ref name="Freedman">{{cite book|last=Freedman|first=Mark S|title=Advances in Neurology Volume 98: Multiple Sclerosis and Demyelinating Diseases |year=2005|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |location=Philadelphia|isbn=0781751705|pages=120, 320}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Incidence of demyelinating diseases vary from disorder to disorder. Some conditions, such as [[Tabes dorsalis]] appear predominantly in males and begins in mid-life. [[Optic neuritis]] on the other hand, occurs preferentially in females typically between the ages of 30 and 35.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Rodriguez M, Siva A, Cross SA, O'Brien PC, Kurland LT |title=Optic neuritis: a population-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota |journal=Neurology |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=244–50 |year=1995 |pmid=7854520}}</ref>. Other conditions such as [[Multiple sclerosis]] vary in prevalence depending on the country or population. <ref>{{cite journal|author=Rosati G|title=The prevalence of multiple sclerosis in the world: an update|journal=Neurol. Sci.|volume=22|issue=2|pages=117–39|year=2001|month=April|doi=10.1007/s100720170011}}</ref> This condition can appear in children as well as adults. <ref>{{cite journal|author=Compston A, Coles A|title=Multiple sclerosis|journal=Lancet|volume=372|issue=9648|pages=1502–17|year=2008|month=October| doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61620-7|url=}}</ref> |
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== Types of Demyelinating Diseases == |
== Types of Demyelinating Diseases == |
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Demyelinating diseases of the [[central nervous system]] include: |
Demyelinating diseases of the [[central nervous system]] include: |
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== Treatment == |
== Treatment == |
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| ⚫ | Incidence of demyelinating diseases vary from disorder to disorder. Some conditions, such as [[Tabes dorsalis]] appear predominantly in males and begins in mid-life. [[Optic neuritis]] on the other hand, occurs preferentially in females typically between the ages of 30 and 35.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Rodriguez M, Siva A, Cross SA, O'Brien PC, Kurland LT |title=Optic neuritis: a population-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota |journal=Neurology |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=244–50 |year=1995 |pmid=7854520}}</ref>. Other conditions such as [[Multiple sclerosis]] vary in prevalence depending on the country or population. <ref>{{cite journal|author=Rosati G|title=The prevalence of multiple sclerosis in the world: an update|journal=Neurol. Sci.|volume=22|issue=2|pages=117–39|year=2001|month=April|doi=10.1007/s100720170011}}</ref> This condition can appear in children as well as adults. <ref>{{cite journal|author=Compston A, Coles A|title=Multiple sclerosis|journal=Lancet|volume=372|issue=9648|pages=1502–17|year=2008|month=October| doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61620-7|url=}}</ref> |
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== Prognosis == |
== Prognosis == |
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[[pt:Doença desmielinizante]] |
[[pt:Doença desmielinizante]] |
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[[sr:Demijelinizirajuće bolesti]] |
[[sr:Demijelinizirajuće bolesti]] |
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== External Links == |
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Revision as of 14:11, 31 October 2012
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A demyelinating disease is any disease of the nervous system in which the myelin sheath of neurons is damaged.[1] This impairs the conduction of signals in the affected nerves, causing impairment in sensation, movement, cognition, or other functions depending on which nerves are involved.
The term describes the effect of the disease, rather than its cause; some demyelinating diseases are caused by genetics, some by infectious agents, some by autoimmune reactions, and some by unknown factors. Organophosphates, a class of chemicals which are the active ingredients in commercial insecticides such as sheep dip, weed-killers, and flea treatment preparations for pets, etc., will also demyelinate nerves.
Neuroleptics can cause demyelination.[2]
Signs and Symptoms
Symptoms that present in demyelinating diseases are different for each condtion. Below is a list of symptoms that can present in a person with a demyelinating disease[3]:
|
|
Causes
Diagnosis
Below are various methods/techniques used to diagnose Demyelinating Diseases.
- Exclusion of other conditions that have overlapping symptoms[4]
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Oftentimes unreliable because changes observed during an MRI assess changes in proton density. “Spots” can occur as a result of changes in brain water content[4]
- Evoked potential [4]
- Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Analysis[4]
- Quantitative Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) [4]
- Diagnostic Criteria (see Medical diagnosis) [4]
Epidemiology
Incidence of demyelinating diseases vary from disorder to disorder. Some conditions, such as Tabes dorsalis appear predominantly in males and begins in mid-life. Optic neuritis on the other hand, occurs preferentially in females typically between the ages of 30 and 35.[5]. Other conditions such as Multiple sclerosis vary in prevalence depending on the country or population. [6] This condition can appear in children as well as adults. [7]
More information can be obtained on the wiki pages for these disorders. See “Types of Demyelinating Diseases”
Types of Demyelinating Diseases
Demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system include:
- multiple sclerosis (together with the similar diseases called idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases)
- Vitamin B12 deficiency
- Central pontine myelinolysis
- Tabes Dorsalis
- transverse myelitis
- Devic's disease
- progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
- Optic neuritis
- Leukodystrophies
Demyelinating diseases of the peripheral nervous system include:
- Guillain-Barré syndrome and its chronic counterpart, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
- Anti-MAG peripheral neuropathy
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
- Copper deficiency
Treatment
Prognosis
History
Research
In Other Animals
Demyelinating diseases/disorders have been found worldwide in various animals. Some of these animals include mice, pigs, cattle, hamsters, rats, sheep, Siamese kittens, and a number of dog breeds (including Chow Chow, Springer Spaniel, Dalmatian, Samoyed, Golden Retriever, Lurcher, Bernese Mountain Dog, Vizsla, Weimaraner, Australian Silky Terrier, and mixed breeds) [8][9]
See Also
- Multiple sclerosis borderline
- The Lesion Project (multiple sclerosis)
- The Myelin Project
- Myelin Repair Foundation
References
- ^ "demyelinating disease" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
- ^ Konopaske GT, Dorph-Petersen KA, Sweet RA; et al. (2008). "Effect of chronic antipsychotic exposure on astrocyte and oligodendrocyte numbers in macaque monkeys". Biol. Psychiatry. 63 (8): 759–65. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.08.018. PMC 2386415. PMID 17945195.
{{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in:|author=(help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Symptoms of Demyelinating Disorders - Right Diagnosis." Right Diagnosis. Right Diagnosis, 01 Feb 2012. Web. 24 Sep 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f Freedman, Mark S (2005). Advances in Neurology Volume 98: Multiple Sclerosis and Demyelinating Diseases. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 112. ISBN 0781751705. Cite error: The named reference "Freedman" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ Rodriguez M, Siva A, Cross SA, O'Brien PC, Kurland LT (1995). "Optic neuritis: a population-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota". Neurology. 45 (2): 244–50. PMID 7854520.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Rosati G (2001). "The prevalence of multiple sclerosis in the world: an update". Neurol. Sci. 22 (2): 117–39. doi:10.1007/s100720170011.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ Compston A, Coles A (2008). "Multiple sclerosis". Lancet. 372 (9648): 1502–17. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61620-7.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp (2011). "The Merck Vetrinary Manual – Demyelinating Disorders: Introduction". Merck Vetrinary Manual. Retrieved 2012-10-30.
- ^ "Johnson RT. DEMYELINATING DISEASES. In: Institute of Medicine (US) Forum on Microbial Threats; Knobler SL, O'Connor S, Lemon SM, et al., editors. The Infectious Etiology of Chronic Diseases: Defining the Relationship, Enhancing the Research, and Mitigating the Effects: Workshop Summary. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US)". NCBI. 2004. Retrieved 2012-10-30.