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Coordinates: 21°35′N 92°01′E / 21.583°N 92.017°E / 21.583; 92.017
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===Economy and development===
===Economy and development===
[[File:Submarine Landed in BD.JPG|thumb|Submarine Cable Landing Station]]
[[File:Submarine Landed in BD.JPG|thumb|Submarine Cable Landing Station]]
As one of the most beautiful and famous tourist spots in Bangladesh, the major source of economy in Cox's Bazar is tourism. Millions of foreigners and Bangladeshi natives visit this coastal city every year. As a result, a large number of hotels, guest houses and motels have been built in the city and coastal region. Many people are involved in hospitality and customer service orientated businesses. Number of high-end hotels in the city was about 2 or 3 about 5 years ago, but today there are dozens and counting, however no renowned international hotel chains operate in the city, but many hotel chains are planning to build hotels here
As one of the most beautiful and famous tourist spots in Bangladesh, the major source of economy in Cox's Bazar is tourism. Millions of foreigners and Bangladeshi natives visit this coastal city every year. As a result, a large number of hotels, guest houses and motels have been built in the city and coastal region. Many people are involved in hospitality and customer service orientated businesses. Number of high-end hotels in the city is now about 2. However no renowned international hotel chains operate in the city, but many hotel chains are planning to build hotels here.


A number of people are also involved in fishing and collecting [[seafood]] and sea products for their livelihood. Various kinds of Oyster, Snail, Pearl and their ornaments are very popular with tourists in seaside and city stores. A number of people are also involved in the transportation business for tourists. Cox's Bazar is also one of the few major spots for aquaculture in Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sociology.ed.ac.uk/sas/conf16/panel51.htm |title=The Development of Export-Oriented Shrimp Aquaculture in Bangladesh: a preliminary assessment of moves to more intensive production in southeastern Bangladesh|accessdate=2008-02-01}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> Along with [[Khulna]], it is considered a major source of revenue from foreign exchanges. Beside a mix of small-scale agriculture, marine and inland fishing and salt production are other industrial sources from this region that play important roles in the national economy.
A number of people are also involved in fishing and collecting [[seafood]] and sea products for their livelihood. Various kinds of Oyster, Snail, Pearl and their ornaments are very popular with tourists in seaside and city stores. A number of people are also involved in the transportation business for tourists. Cox's Bazar is also one of the few major spots for aquaculture in Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sociology.ed.ac.uk/sas/conf16/panel51.htm |title=The Development of Export-Oriented Shrimp Aquaculture in Bangladesh: a preliminary assessment of moves to more intensive production in southeastern Bangladesh|accessdate=2008-02-01}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> Along with [[Khulna]], it is considered a major source of revenue from foreign exchanges. Beside a mix of small-scale agriculture, marine and inland fishing and salt production are other industrial sources from this region that play important roles in the national economy.

Revision as of 22:09, 23 May 2013

Cox's Bazar
Location of Cox's Bazar in Bangladesh
Location of Cox's Bazar in Bangladesh
CountryBangladesh Bangladesh
Administrative DistrictCox's Bazar District
Area
 • City6.85 km2 (2.64 sq mi)
Elevation
3 m (10 ft)
Population
 (2007 est.)Total population represents population in city and metro represents entire district.[1]
 • City51,918
 • Density7,579.27/km2 (19,630.2/sq mi)
 • Metro
120,480
Time zoneUTC+6 (BST)

Template:Tourism in Bangladesh Cox's Bazar (Template:Lang-bn Kaksbājār}) is a town, a fishing port and district headquarters in Bangladesh. It is known for its wide and long sandy beach which is considered by many as the world's longest natural sandy sea beach,[2][3][4] The beach in Cox's Bazar is an unbroken 125 km sandy sea beach with a gentle slope. It is located 150 km south of the industrial port Chittagong. Cox’s Bazar is also known by the name Panowa, whose literal translation means "yellow flower." Its other old name was "Palongkee".

The modern Cox's Bazar derives its name from Captain Hiram Cox (died 1799), an officer serving in British India. An officer of the British East India Company, Captain Cox was appointed Superintendent of Palongkee outpost after Warren Hastings became Governor of Bengal. Captain Cox was specially mobilised to deal with a century-long conflict between Arakan refugees and local Rakhains. He embarked upon the mammoth task of rehabilitating refugees in the area and made significant progress. A premature death took Captain Cox in 1799 before he could finish his work. To commemorate his role in rehabilitation work, a market was established and named Cox's Bazar ("Cox's Market") after him.

Today, Cox's Bazar is one of the most-visited tourist destinations in Bangladesh. It has yet to become a major international tourist destination, and has no international hotel chains, due to lack of publicity and transportation.

Town

Cox's Bazar (Town), Cox's Bazar municipality, was constituted in 1869, eventually becoming a B-grade municipality in 1989. The municipality covers an area of 6.85 km2.[5] Located along the Bay of Bengal in South Eastern Bangladesh, Cox's Bazar Town is a large port and health resort. But it is famous mostly for its long natural sandy beach. The municipality covers an area of 6.85 km² with 27 mahallas and 9 wards and has a population of 51,918.[1] Cox's Bazar is connected by road and air with Chittagong.[6]

History

The greater Chittagong area, including Cox's Bazar, was under the rule of Arakan kings from the early 9th century until its conquest by the Mughals in 1666 AD.[7] When the Mughal Prince Shah Shuja was passing through the hilly terrain of the present-day Cox’s Bazar on his way to Arakan, he was attracted to its scenic and captivating beauty. He commanded his forces to camp there. His retinue of one thousand palanquins stopped there for some time. A place named Dulahazara, meaning "one thousand palanquins," still exists in the area. After the Mughals, the place came under the control of the Tipras and the Arakanese, followed by the Portuguese and then the British.

The name Cox's Bazar/Bazaar originated from the name of a British East India Company officer, Captain Hiram Cox, who was appointed as the Superintendent of Palonki (today's Cox's Bazar) outpost. He succeeded Warren Hastings, who became the Governor of Bengal following the British East India Company Act in 1773. Cox was mobilised to deal with a century-long conflict between Arakan refugees and local Rakhine people at Palonki. The Captain had rehabilitated many refugees in the area, but had died (in 1799) before he could finish his work. To commemorate that, a market was established and named after him, called Cox's Bazar (market of Cox). Cox's Bazar then was first established in 1854 and became a municipality in 1869.[7]

After the Sepoy Mutiny (Indian Rebellion of 1857) in 1857, the British East India Company was highly criticised and questioned on humanitarian grounds, specially for its opium trade monopoly over the Indian Sub-Continent. However, after its dissolution on 1 January 1874, all of the company's assets including its Armed Forces were acquired by the British Crown. After this historic take over, Cox's Bazar was declared a district of the Bengal Province under the British Crown.

Cox's Bazar Map from Series U542, U.S. Army Map Service, 1955

After the end of British rule in 1947, Cox's Bazar became part of East Pakistan. Captain Advocate Fazlul Karim, the first Chairman (after independence from the British) of Cox's Bazar Municipality, established the Tamarisk Forest along the beach. He wanted to attract tourists as well as to protect the beach from tidal waves (tsunami). He donated much of his father-in-law’s and his own lands as sites for constructing a Public Library and a Town Hall. He was inspired to build Cox's Bazar as a tourist spot after seeing beaches of Bombay and Karachi, and was a resort pioneers in developing Cox's Bazar as a destination. He founded a Maternity Hospital, the Stadium and the drainage system by procuring grants from the Ford Foundation and Rockefeller Foundation through correspondence. T. H. Matthews, the principal of the Dacca Engineering College (1949~1954), was a friend who had helped him in these fundraising efforts. Engineer Chandi Charan Das was the government civil engineer who had worked on all these projects. In 1959 the municipality was turned into a town committee.[7]

In 1961 the erstwhile Geological Survey of Pakistan initiated investigation of radioactive minerals like monazite around the Cox's Bazar sea-beach area.[8]

Cox's Bazar Bus Terminal

In 1971, Cox's Bazar wharf was used as a naval port by the Pakistan Navy's gunboats. This and the nearby airstrip of the Pakistan Air Force were the scene of intense shelling by the Indian Navy during the Bangladesh Liberation War. During the war, Pakistani soldiers killed many people in the town, including eminent lawyer Jnanendralal Chowdhury. The killing of two freedom fighters named Farhad and Subhash at Badar Mokam area is also recorded in history.[9]

After the independence of Bangladesh, Cox's Bazar started to get administrative attention. In 1972 the town committee of Cox's Bazar was turned into a municipality. In 1975, The Government of Bangladesh established a pilot plant at Kalatali.[8] Later, in 1984 Cox's Bazar subdivision was promoted to a district, and five years later (in 1989) the Cox's Bazar municipality was elevated to B-grade.[7] In 1994 (jobs) the Marine Fisheries and Technology Station (MFTS) was established at Cox's Bazar. MFTS is a research station of Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute (BFRI) headquartered in Mymensingh. The station covers a land area of four hectares and contains five laboratories.[10] In April 2007 Bangladesh got connected to the submarine cable network as a member of the SEA-ME-WE-4 Consortium, as Cox's Bazar was selected as the landing station of the submarine cable.[11] In September 2012 the municipality was the site of the Cox's Bazar and Ramu riots, where local Muslims attacked the Buddhist community over an alleged Quran desecration posted to Facebook.[12]

Geography and climate

Panorama of Cox's Bazar in the early morning: clouds on a blue sky, still water and forest in the distance.

Cox's Bazar town with an area of 6.85 km², is located at 21°35′0″N 92°01′0″E / 21.58333°N 92.01667°E / 21.58333; 92.01667 and bounded by Bakkhali River on the north and East, Bay of Bengal in the West, and Jhilwanj Union in the south.

The climate of Bangladesh is mostly determined by its location in the tropical monsoon region: high temperature, heavy rainfall, generally excessive humidity, and distinct seasonal variations.[13] The climate of Cox's bazar is mostly similar to the rest of the country. It is further characterised by the location in the coastal area. The annual average temperature in Cox's Bazar remains at about a maximum of 34.8 °C and a minimum of 16.1 °C. The average amount of rainfall remains at 4,285 mm.

Climate data for Cox's Bazar
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 28
(82) 		29
(85) 		32
(89) 		33
(92) 		34
(93) 		32
(89) 		31
(88) 		31
(88) 		32
(89) 		32
(89) 		31
(87) 		28
(82) 		31
(88)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 16
(61) 		18
(65) 		22
(72) 		26
(79) 		28
(82) 		28
(83) 		29
(85) 		27
(81) 		27
(81) 		26
(79) 		22
(71) 		18
(64) 		24
(75)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 2.5
(0.1) 		13
(0.5) 		38
(1.5) 		110
(4.2) 		320
(12.7) 		790
(31.1) 		900
(35.5) 		710
(27.8) 		390
(15.3) 		180
(7.2) 		84
(3.3) 		25
(1.0) 		3,560
(140.1)
Source: Weatherbase[14]

Important Educational Institutions

Cox's Bazar Govt. High School one of the Institute for Education

Primary Teacher's Training Institute (P.T.I)

Medical Colleges: Cox's Bazar Medical College

Colleges:Cox's Bazar Govt. College, Cox's Bazar Woman College, Cox's Bazar City College, Ramu Degree College

High Schools:Cox's Bazar Govt. High School, Cox's Bazar Govt. Girls High School, Korak Bidda-pith, Chokoria, Chokoria Govt. High School, Palong Model High School,Ratna Plong,Ukhiya

Economy and development

Submarine Cable Landing Station

As one of the most beautiful and famous tourist spots in Bangladesh, the major source of economy in Cox's Bazar is tourism. Millions of foreigners and Bangladeshi natives visit this coastal city every year. As a result, a large number of hotels, guest houses and motels have been built in the city and coastal region. Many people are involved in hospitality and customer service orientated businesses. Number of high-end hotels in the city is now about 2. However no renowned international hotel chains operate in the city, but many hotel chains are planning to build hotels here.

A number of people are also involved in fishing and collecting seafood and sea products for their livelihood. Various kinds of Oyster, Snail, Pearl and their ornaments are very popular with tourists in seaside and city stores. A number of people are also involved in the transportation business for tourists. Cox's Bazar is also one of the few major spots for aquaculture in Bangladesh.[15] Along with Khulna, it is considered a major source of revenue from foreign exchanges. Beside a mix of small-scale agriculture, marine and inland fishing and salt production are other industrial sources from this region that play important roles in the national economy.

Tourist attractions near the town

Shemon Local hotels arrange beachside accessories for the tourists at Cox's Bazar

The beach is the main attraction of the town. Larger hotels provide exclusive beachside area with accessories for the hotel guests. Visitors in other hotels visit the Laboni beach which is the area of the beach closest to the town. Other than the beach there are several places of interest near the town which can easily be visited from town center.

  • Aggmeda Khyang: a large Buddhist monastery, and a place revered by around 400,000 Buddhist people of Cox’s Bazar; and the Chittagong Hill Tracts. The main sanctuary is posted on a series of round timber columns. It has a prayer chamber and an assembly hall along with a repository of large and small bronze Buddha images and a number of old manuscripts.
  • Ramu: about 10 km from Cox’s Bazar,[16] is a village with a sizeable Buddhist population. The village is famous for its handicrafts and homemade cigars. There are monasteries, khyangs and pagodas containing images of Buddha in bronze, gold and other metals with precious stones. One of the most interesting of these temples is on the bank of the Baghkhali river. It houses not only relics and Burmes handicrafts but also a large bronze statue of Buddha measuring thirteen feet high which rests on a six feet high pedestal. Weavers ply their trade in open workshops and craftsmen make handmade cigars in their pagoda like houses.
  • Bangabandhu Sheikh MujibSafari Park: Bangabandhu Sheikh MujibSafari Park is the first Safari Park in Bangladesh. The nature of the forest is tropical evergreen and rich with Garjan, Boilam, Telsur and Chapalish along with herbs, shrubs and creepers.

Safari Park is a declared protected area where the animals are kept in fairly large area with natural environment and visitors can easily see the animal when ever they visit by bus, jeep or on foot. This park was established on the basis of South Asian model. This safari park is an extension of an animal sanctuary located along the Chittagong-Cox's Bazar road about 50 km from Cox's Bazar town. The sanctuary itself protects a large number of wild elephants which are native to the area. In the safari park there are domesticated elephants which are available for a ride. Other animal attractions include lions, Bengal tigers, Crocodiles, Bears, Chitals and lots of different types of birds and monkeys.which is wonder full project to attract the tourist.

  • ""Inani Beach"" This is another magnificent place to see. Inani is full of stony beach and the calmness and serenity of Inani is mind blowing. Don't miss the chance to visit Inani while going to Cox's Bazar.

Other tourist attractions near Cox's Bazar

  • Maheshkhali is a small island (268 square kilometres) off the Cox’s Bazar coast. The island offers panoramic scenic beauty and is covered by a range of low hills, about 300 feet (91 m) high, streatches through the center of the island and along its eastern coastline.[17] Adinath Temple, a temple of Shiva, and a Buddhist pagoda are also located on this island.
  • Sonadia Island, a small crescent shaped island of only 9 square kilometres, it is 7-km north-west of Cox's Bazar. The western side of the island is sandy and different kinds of shells are found on the beach. Off the northern part of the island, there are beds of window pane oysters. During winter, fisherman set up temporary camps on the island and dry their catches of sea fish. Sonadia Island supports the last remaining part of mangrove forest in southeast Bangladesh.[17][18]
  • Teknaf, a place situated by the side of Naf river is the southernmost part of mainland Bangladesh. This also marks the end point of Cox's Bazar beach. Tourists usually come here to have a river cruise along beautiful Naf river, which flows between Bangladesh and Myanmar.
Dead corals at St. Martin's Island.
  • St. Martin's Island, a small island in the northeast part of the Bay of Bengal, about 9 km south of the tip of the Cox's Bazar-Teknaf peninsula. It is the only coral island in Bangladesh. It is about 8 km west of the northwest coast of Myanmar at the mouth of the Naf River. The local name of the island is নারিকেল জিঞ্জিরা Narikel Jinjira (also spelled "Narical Gingira", "Narikel Janjina", and "Narikel Jinjera"), meaning "Coconut Island" in Bengali. St. Martin's Island has become a popular tourist spot. Three shipping liners run daily trips to the island. They are Kutubdia, Sea-Truck and Keary-Sindbad. Tourists can book their trip either from Chittagong or from Cox's Bazar. The surrounding coral reef of the island has an extension named Chera Dwip. The island is home to several endangered species of turtles, as well as the corals, some of which are found only on this island.
  • Chakaria: One of most large area in Cox's Bazar.
Natural Stream from Hills
  • Bandarban: Bandarban lies three hours away from Cox's Bazar by bus. The Buddha Dhatu Jadi, the largest Buddhist temple in Bangladesh, located in Balaghata, 4 km from the town, is an excellent place to visit. This Theravada Buddhist temple is made completely in the style of South-East Asia and houses the second largest statue of Buddha in Bangladesh. The waterfall named Shoilo Propat at Milanchari is also an excellent site. In addition, the numerous Buddhist temples, known as kyang in local tongue, and vihars in the town include the highly notable the Rajvihar (royal vihar) at Jadipara and the Ujanipara Vihar. Bawm villages around Chimbuk, and Mru villages a little further off, are also lie within a day's journey from the town. Prantik Lake, Jibannagar and Kyachlong Lake are some more places of interest. And, a boat ride on the river Sangu is also an excellent proposition.
Kaptai Lake at Rangamati.
  • Rangamati: One can reach Rangamati from Cox's Bazar either via Chittagong or Bandarban. Rangamati offers several attractions including local tribal museum, Buddhist temple, tribal markets, hanging bridge and even the palace of traibal kings. The major attraction of the district is Kaptai Lake. It is a man-made lake in the Kaptai upazila of Rangamati District. The lake was created as a result of building the Kaptai Dam on the Karnaphuli River, as part of the Karnaphuli Hydro-electric project. The beautiful view of surrounding green hills has turned the lake into a wonderful spot for boating and cruising.

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cox's Bazar.

References

  1. ^ a b Municipal data; Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics
  2. ^ "The Longest Beach". Retrieved 10 January 2008.
  3. ^ "Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh - the World's Longest Beach 120km". Retrieved 10 January 2008.
  4. ^ "World's longest beach hidden in Bangladesh". The Sydney Morning Herald. 31 January 2007. Retrieved 10 January 2008.
  5. ^ [1]
  6. ^ Cox’s Bāzār. (2008). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2008-01-14, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
  7. ^ a b c d Siddiqi, Mahibbullah (2003). "Cox's Bazar District". In Islam, Sirajul (ed.). Banglapedia: national encyclopedia of Bangladesh. Dhaka: Asiatic Societyof Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6.
  8. ^ a b Chowdhury, Sifatul Quader (2003). "Beach Sand Heavy Mineral". In Islam, Sirajul (ed.). Banglapedia: national encyclopedia of Bangladesh. Dhaka: Asiatic Societyof Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6.
  9. ^ Alam, Badiul (2003). "Cox's Bazar Sadar Upazila". In Islam, Sirajul (ed.). Banglapedia: national encyclopedia of Bangladesh. Dhaka: Asiatic Societyof Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6.
  10. ^ Kabir, SM Humayun (2003). "Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute". In Islam, Sirajul (ed.). Banglapedia: national encyclopedia of Bangladesh. Dhaka: Asiatic Societyof Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6.
  11. ^ "Much needed Submarine Cable - Bangladesh". Bangladesh Development Gateway. 2 March 2006. Retrieved 14 January 2008.
  12. ^ "Muslim protesters torch Buddhist temples, homes in Bangladesh | Reporters Club". Reportersnepal.com. 30 September 2012. Retrieved 25 October 2012.
  13. ^ Ahmed, Rafique (2003). "Climate". In Islam, Sirajul (ed.). Banglapedia: national encyclopedia of Bangladesh. Dhaka: Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6.
  14. ^ "Weatherbase: Weather For Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh". Weatherbase. 2011. Retrieved on November 23, 2011.
  15. ^ "The Development of Export-Oriented Shrimp Aquaculture in Bangladesh: a preliminary assessment of moves to more intensive production in southeastern Bangladesh". Retrieved 1 February 2008. [dead link‍]
  16. ^ Hossain, Mofazzal (2003). "Cox's Bazar". In Islam, Sirajul (ed.). Banglapedia: national encyclopedia of Bangladesh. Dhaka: Asiatic Societyof Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6.
  17. ^ a b Hossain, Mofazzal. 2003. Cox's Bazar. In the Banglapedia. The Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Dhaka. P. 145
  18. ^ Islam, M Aminul (2003). "Ecologically Critical Area". In Islam, Sirajul (ed.). Banglapedia: national encyclopedia of Bangladesh. Dhaka: Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6.

21°35′N 92°01′E / 21.583°N 92.017°E / 21.583; 92.017

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