PISA 2012: Difference between revisions
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=== Finland === |
=== Finland === |
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Finland, which received several top positions in the first tests, fell in all three subjects, but remained the best performing country overall in Europe, achieving their best result in science with 545 points (5th) and worst in mathematics with 519 (12th) in which the country were outperformed by four other European countries. The drop in mathematics was 25 points since 2003, the last time mathematics was the focus of the tests. For the first time Finnish girls outperformed boys in the subject, but only narrowly. It was also the first time pupils in Finnish-speaking schools did not perform better than pupils in [[Swedish-speaking population of Finland|Swedish-speaking]] schools. Minister of Education and Science [[Kristi Kiuru]] expressed concern for the overall drop, as well as the fact that the number of low-performers had increased from 7% to 12%.<ref>[https://www.jyu.fi/en/news/archive/2013/12/tiedote-2013-12-03-13-00-33-394036 PISA 2012: Proficiency of Finnish youth declining] [[University of Jyväskylä]]. Retrieved 9 December 2013</ref> |
Finland, which received several top positions in the first tests, fell in all three subjects, but remained the best performing country overall in Europe, achieving their best result in science with 545 points (5th) and worst in mathematics with 519 (12th) in which the country were outperformed by four other European countries. The drop in mathematics was 25 points since 2003, the last time mathematics was the focus of the tests. For the first time Finnish girls outperformed boys in the subject, but only narrowly. It was also the first time pupils in Finnish-speaking schools did not perform better than pupils in [[Swedish-speaking population of Finland|Swedish-speaking]] schools. Minister of Education and Science [[Kristi Kiuru]] expressed concern for the overall drop, as well as the fact that the number of low-performers had increased from 7% to 12%.<ref>[https://www.jyu.fi/en/news/archive/2013/12/tiedote-2013-12-03-13-00-33-394036 PISA 2012: Proficiency of Finnish youth declining] [[University of Jyväskylä]]. Retrieved 9 December 2013</ref> |
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=== Poland === |
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Poland successively bettered its results in the ranking for the last 4 editions. Its performance in 2012, despite relatively low input, was widely discussed and mentioned in international press.,<ref>http://durangoherald.com/article/20140114/NEWS05/140119789/-1/s</ref> while in Poland the results of the study remained almost unmarked. The vice-minister of the [[Ministry of Education (Poland)]] has concluded that autonomy of the teachers and schools, developing reasoning skills, supporting schools and external exams enabled the success |
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.<ref>http://wyborcza.pl/1,91446,15244607,Wiceszef_MEN__autonomia_nauczycieli_droga_do_sukcesu.html</ref> The president of Poland has called not change radically the system, but instead - perfect it.<ref>http://wyborcza.pl/1,91446,15280019,Prezydent__system_edukacji_wymaga_doskonalenia_i_nowych.html</ref> |
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=== Sweden === |
=== Sweden === |
Revision as of 23:22, 31 January 2014
PISA 2012 was the fifth survey of the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment, testing about 510 000 students around age 15 in 65 countries and economies on mathematics, science and reading. The test had a special focus on mathematics.[1]
Shanghai had the highest score in all three subjects. It was followed by Singapore, Hong Kong, Chinese Taipei and Korea in mathematics; Hong Kong, Singapore, Japan and Korea in reading and Hong Kong, Singapore, Japan and Finland in science.
Test
About 510 000 students between 15 years, 3 months and 16 years, 2 months took part in the test. They were a sample of about about 28 million in the same age group in 65 countries and economies,[1] including the OECD countries, several Chinese cities, Vietnam, Indonesia and several countries in South America.[2]
The test lasted two hours, was paper-based and included both open-ended and multiple-choice questions.[1]
The students and school staff also answered a questionnaire to provide background information about the students and the schools.[1][2]
Results
PISA 2012 was presented on 3 December 2013, with results for around 510,000 participating students in all 34 OECD member countries and 31 partner countries.[2] This testing cycle had a particular focus on mathematics, where the mean score was 494. The mean score in reading was 496 and in science 501.
The results show distinct groups of high-performers in mathematics: the East Asian countries, with Shanghai, China, scoring the best result of 613, followed closely by Hong Kong, Japan, Taiwan and South Korea. Among the Europeans, Liechtenstein and Switzerland performed best, with Netherlands, Estonia, Finland, Poland, Belgium, Germany, Austria all posting mathematics scores "not significantly statistically different from" one another. The United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand were similarly clustered around the OECD average of 494, with the USA trailing this group at 481.[2]
Qatar, Kazakhstan and Malaysia were the countries which showed the greatest improvement in mathematics. The USA and the United Kingdom showed no significant change.[3] Sweden had the greatest fall in mathematics performance over the last ten years, with a similar falling trend also in the two other subjects, and leading politicians in Sweden expressed great worry over the results.[4][5]
On average boys scored better than girls in mathematics, girls scored better than boys in reading and the two sexes had quite similar scores in science.[3]
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Indonesia, Albania, Peru, Thailand and Colombia were the countries where most students reported being happy at school, while students in Korea, the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic, Estonia and Finland reported least happiness.[1]
Specific results and reaction from various countries
China
China didn't participate as a nation, but Shanghai and Hong Kong participated as their own entities. Shanghai who participated for the second time topped the rankings in all three subjects as well as improving their score in the subjects compared to the 2009 tests. Shanghai's score of 613 in mathematics were 113 points about the average score, putting the performance of Shanghai pupils about 3 school years ahead of pupils in average countries. Educational experts debated to which degree the result reflected the quality of the general educational system in China, pointing out that Shanghai has greater wealth and better-paid teachers than the rest of China.[6] Hong Kong placed second in reading and science and third in maths.
China is expected to participate as a country in the 2015 tests.[7]
Finland
Finland, which received several top positions in the first tests, fell in all three subjects, but remained the best performing country overall in Europe, achieving their best result in science with 545 points (5th) and worst in mathematics with 519 (12th) in which the country were outperformed by four other European countries. The drop in mathematics was 25 points since 2003, the last time mathematics was the focus of the tests. For the first time Finnish girls outperformed boys in the subject, but only narrowly. It was also the first time pupils in Finnish-speaking schools did not perform better than pupils in Swedish-speaking schools. Minister of Education and Science Kristi Kiuru expressed concern for the overall drop, as well as the fact that the number of low-performers had increased from 7% to 12%.[8]
Poland
Poland successively bettered its results in the ranking for the last 4 editions. Its performance in 2012, despite relatively low input, was widely discussed and mentioned in international press.,[9] while in Poland the results of the study remained almost unmarked. The vice-minister of the Ministry of Education (Poland) has concluded that autonomy of the teachers and schools, developing reasoning skills, supporting schools and external exams enabled the success .[10] The president of Poland has called not change radically the system, but instead - perfect it.[11]
Sweden
Sweden's result dropped in all three subjects, which was a continuation of a trend from 2006 and 2009. In mathematics, the nation had the sharpest fall in mathematic performance over 10 years among the countries that have participated in all tests, with a drop in score from 509 in 2003 to 478 in 2012. The score in reading showed a drop from 516 in 2000 to 483 in 2012. The country performed below the OECD average in all three subjects.[12]
The Leader of the Opposition, Social Democrat Stefan Löfven, described the situation as a national crisis.[13] Along with the party's spokesperson on education, Ibrahim Baylan, he pointed to the downward trend in reading as most severe.[13]
United Kingdom
As in 2009, the result was slightly above average for the United Kingdom, with the science ranking being highest (20).[14] England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland also participated as separated entities, showing the worst result for Wales which in mathematics was 43 of the 65 countries and economies. Minister of Education in Wales Huw Lewis expressed disappointment in the results, said that there was no "quick fixes", but hoped that several educational reform that has been implented the last years would give better results in the next round of tests.[15]
The United Kingdom had a greater gap between high- and low-scoring students than the average. There was little difference between public and private schools when adjusted for socio-economic background of students. The gender difference in favour of girls was less than in most other countries, as was the difference between natives and immigrants.[14]
Writing in the Daily Telegraph, Ambrose Evans-Pritchard warned against putting too much emphasis on the UK's international ranking, arguing that an overfocus on scholarly performances in East Asia might have contributed to the area's low birthrate, which he argued could harm the economic performance in the future more than a good PISA score would outweigh.[16]
United States
The American result was average in science and reading, but lagged behind in mathematics compared to other developed nations. There was little change from the previous test in 2009.[17] The result was describes as “a picture of educational stagnation” by Education Secretary Arne Duncan,[18] who said the result was not compatible with the American goal of having the world's best educated workers. Randi Weingarten of the American Federation of Teachers stated that an overemphasis on standardised tests contributed to the lack of improvement in education performance.[19] Dennis Van Roekel of the National Education Association said a failure to address poverty among students had hampered progress.[17]
About 9% of the U.S. students scored in the top two mathematics levels compared to 13% in all countries and economies.[17]
Massachusetts, Connecticut and Florida also participated in the tests as separate entities, with Massachusetts scoring well above both the American and international average, particularly in reading where they had the 4th best score overall.[19]
References
- ^ a b c d e PISA 2012 Results OECD. Retrieved 4 December 2013
- ^ a b c d PISA 2012 Results in Focus (PDF), OECD, 3 December 2013, retrieved 4 December 2013
- ^ a b Sedghi, Ami; Arnett, George; Chalabi, Mona (2013-12-03), Pisa 2012 results: which country does best at reading, maths and science?, The Guardian, retrieved 2013-02-14
- ^ Adams, Richard (2013-12-03), Swedish results fall abruptly as free school revolution falters, The Guardian, retrieved 2013-12-03
- ^ Kärrman, Jens (2013-12-03), Löfven om Pisa: Nationell kris, Dagens Nyheter, retrieved 2013-12-03
- ^ Tom Phillips (3 December 2013) OECD education report: Shanghai's formula is world-beating The Telegraph. Retrieved 8 December 2013
- ^ Sophie Brown (3 December 2013) Shanghai teens top international education ranking, OECD says CNN. Retrieved 8 December 2013
- ^ PISA 2012: Proficiency of Finnish youth declining University of Jyväskylä. Retrieved 9 December 2013
- ^ http://durangoherald.com/article/20140114/NEWS05/140119789/-1/s
- ^ http://wyborcza.pl/1,91446,15244607,Wiceszef_MEN__autonomia_nauczycieli_droga_do_sukcesu.html
- ^ http://wyborcza.pl/1,91446,15280019,Prezydent__system_edukacji_wymaga_doskonalenia_i_nowych.html
- ^ Lars Näslund (3 December 2013) Svenska skolan rasar i stor jämförelse Expressen. Retrieved 4 December 2013 Template:Sv icon
- ^ a b Jens Kärrman (3 December 2013) Löfven om Pisa: Nationell kris Dagens Nyheter. Retrieved 8 December 2013 Template:Sv icon
- ^ a b Adams, Richard (2013-12-03), UK students stuck in educational doldrums, OECD study finds, The Guardian, retrieved 2013-12-04
- ^ Pisa ranks Wales' education the worst in the UK BBC. 3 December 2013. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
- ^ Ambrose Evans-Pritchard (3 December 2013) Ambrose Evans-Pritchard Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
- ^ a b c Motoko Rich (3 December 2013) American 15-Year-Olds Lag, Mainly in Math, on International Standardized Tests New York Times. Retrieved 4 December 2013
- ^ Simon, Stephanie (2013-12-03), PISA results show "educational stagnation" in US, Politico, retrieved 2013-12-03
- ^ a b Vaznis, James (2013-12-03), Mass. students excel on global examinations, Boston Globe, retrieved 2013-12-14